Chapter 1: Packing your Suitcase

Lesson 1.1.1

1-1.
a. Independent variable = distance from end of tube to the wall.
Dependent variable = width of field of view.
e. The equation depends on the length and diameter of the tubes used. The students should
have a slope between 0.12 and 0.14 with a y-intercept around 3.5 cm if they use a paper
towel core.

1-2.
Answers will depend on the students’ tube and models.

1-3.
Answers will depend on the students’ tube and models.

Review and Preview 1.1.1

1-5.
a. parabola y = x 2 b. cubic y = x 3

c. hyperbola, inverse variation, d. exponential y = 2 x

reciprocal function y = 1
x

e. absolute value y = x f. square root y = x

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 1 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

1-6.
Examples of non-functions are a circle, x 2 + y 2 = r 2 , and a “sleeping” parabola, x = y 2 .
Other answers are acceptable.

1-7.
a. slope = 17!8
7! 4
= 9
4
b. slope = 17!8
7! 4
= 9
4
point ! slope form "
point ! slope form " y ! 8 = 9
4
(x ! 4) y ! 20 = 9
4
(x ! (!12))
slope ! intercept form " y ! 8 = 9 x!9 slope ! intercept form "
4
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!y = 9 x !1 y ! 20 = 9
4
x + 27!or!y = 9
4
x + 47
4

1-8.
a. 22 = 2 ! 2 b. 2 5 = 2 ! 2 ! 2 ! 2 ! 2 = 32
23 = 2 ! 2 ! 2 2 6 = 2 ! 2 ! 2 ! 2 ! 2 ! 2 = 64
24 = 2 ! 2 ! 2 ! 2
c. They are half as large each time. Divided by 2, or multiplied by ½ is also acceptable.
d. 2 0 = 2 ! 12 = 1,!2 "1 = 1! 12 = 12 , 2 "2 = 12 ! 12 = 12 ,!2 "3 = 14 ! 12 = 18 ,!2 "4 = 18 ! 12 = 16
1

2 "n = 1 ! 1 = 1 = 1
2 n"1 21 2 n"1+1 2n

1-9.
a. 2 !4 " 2 2 = 2 !2 !!!Check :! 16
1 "4 = 1
4
b. 2 !1 " 2 !2 = 2 !3 Check :! 12 " 14 = 1
8
c. 2 0 ! 2 "3 = 2 "3 !!!!!Check :!1! 18 = 1
8

1-10.
a. x(2x + 5) b. 3xy 3 (xy 2 ! 3) c. 17x 3 y(1 ! 2xy)

1-11.
a. (2x)3 = 2 3 ! x 3 = 8x 3 b. (3x ! 2)2
= (3x ! 2)(3x ! 2)
= 9x 2 ! 6x ! 6x + 4
= 9x 2 ! 12x + 4

c. (3x)4 = 34 ! x 4 = 81x 4 d. (3x)!3 = 1

= 1
= 1
(3x)3 3 x3
3 27 x 3

1-12.
a c a
a. b b. b
c. c

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 2 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

Lesson 1.1.2

1-14.
a. b. y = 1.5 x looks like the others, but would
graph to the right of y = 2 x .

c. 0 < b < 1 Example:

1-15.
This is the graph of y = x shifted up five units.

1-16.
y = x2 ! 4

1-17.
This is the graph of y = x 3 shifted left three units.

1-18.
y= x!2

1-19.
Parent graph: y = 1
x
Shifted right four units: y = 1
x! 4
Shifted down three units: y = x!1 4 !3

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 3 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

1-20.
a.
x y = x2 y = 2x 2
–4 16 32
–3 9 18
–2 4 8
–1 1 2
0 0 0
A vertical stretch occurs with each of the
1 1 2
y-values doubling.
2 4 8
3 9 18
4 16 32

b. A vertical stretch with stretch factor 2.

1-21.
a. y = x3
b. See graph at right.
c. Stretched vertically by 12 , some may
prefer to call this a “compression.”

1-22.
y = !2x 2

Review and Preview 1.1.2

1-23.
a. x+2 b. 2x ! 1 c. x2 + 4 d. 5x

1-24.
a. f (4) = 2 ! 4 2 " 3 = 32 " 3 = 29
b. f (!5) = 2 " (!5)2 ! 3 = 50 ! 3 = 47
c. f (3b) = 2 ! (3b)2 " 3 = 2 ! 9b 2 " 3 = 18b 2 " 3
d. f (a + 1) = 2 ! (a + 1)2 " 3 = 2a 2 + 4a + 2 " 3 = 2a 2 + 4a " 1

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 4 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

1-25.
(3x + 2)2 = (3x + 2)(3x + 2) = 9x 2 + 6x + 6x + 4 The middle terms must be included.
= 9x 2 + 12x + 4 ! 9x 2 + 4
1-26.
a. ab ! a c = a(b+c) b. a !b " a c = a(!b+c) = a(c!b)
c. Cannot be simplified. d. a ! ab = a1 ! ab = a(1+b)
e. a 0 ! ab = a(0+b) = ab f. a(b+c) ! a 2c = a(b+c+2c) = a(b+ 3c)

1-27.
a. 3x 2 y ! (27x " 4)
b. (2x + 1) [ 3 + x + 5 ] = (2x + 1)(x + 8)
c. (3x ! 7) [ 2(3x ! 7) + (x ! 2) ] = (3x ! 7) [ 6x ! 14 + x ! 2 ] = (3x ! 7)(7x ! 16)
d. (x + y)(m + x + y)

1-28.
a. (5a !2 )2 = 5 2 " a !2"2 = 25a !4 b. (m !1n !2 )3 = m !1"3n !2"3 = m !3n !6
c. (2x !1 )2 (2x 0 ) = 2 2 " x !1"2 " 2 = 8x !2

1-29.
a. 2 2!x = 2 2 x b. 2 !5"4 = 2 !20

( 23 ) ( 23 ) ( 23 ) ( 23 )
!1 1 !2 2 32
c. = = 3
2
d. = = = 9
22 4

1-30.
a. cos 26! = 18
x b. cos 70! = 8x
0.899 = 18
x x ! 0.342 = 8
x = 16.18 x = 23.39

c. 22 2 = x 2 + 10 2 d. sin 41! = 12
x

484 = x 2 + 100 0.656 = 12

x

384 = x 2 x = 7.87
x = 384 = 19.60

Lesson 1.1.3

1-31.
a. It multiplies the input by two and then adds 1.
b. We hope that they will think that 3 would come out the top and if that is true, then the
machine must “undo” itself—working backwards in a sense.
CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 5 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry
c. Subtract one and then divide by two.
1-32.
a. Subtract 6, then multiply by 2. b. f !1 (x) = 2(x ! 6)

1-33.
a. f (x) + g(x) = 3x ! 5 + x 2 + 2 = x 2 + 3x ! 3
b. f (x)g(x) = (3x ! 5)(x 2 + 2) = 3x 3 ! 5x 2 + 6x ! 10
c. f (g(x)) = 3(x 2 + 2) ! 5 = 3x 2 + 6 ! 5 = 3x 2 + 1
d. g( f (x)) = (3x ! 5)2 + 2 = 9x 2 ! 30x + 25 + 2 = 9x 2 ! 30x + 27

1-34.
a. f (x) = x 3 ! 4x b.
f (x) = x(x 2 ! 4) = x(x + 2)(x ! 2)
0 = x(x + 2)(x ! 2)
Either x = 0, x + 2 = 0, x ! 2 = 0
x = !2, 0, 2

c. Shifted left two units d.

e. g(x) = (x + 2)3 ! 4(x + 2)

1-35.
a. 2 hours ! 3 miles
hour
= 6 miles
b. c.

d. miles
hr
! hr = miles

Review and Preview 1.1.3

1-36.
a. 3x 3 + 7 ! (x 2 ! 1) = 3x 3 + 7 ! x 2 + 1 b. 3x 2 + 7 , x " ±1
x 2 !1
= 3x 3 ! x 2 + 8

c. (3x 3 + 7)(x 2 ! 1) = 3x 5 ! 3x 3 + 7x 2 ! 7
CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 6 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry
1-37.
a. y = 3x 3 ! 5 b. y = (2x + 4)1/2 c. y= 1
2
x2 ! 2
x = 3y 3 ! 5 x = (2y + 4)1/2 x= 1 y2 ! 2
2
x + 5 = 3y 3 x 2 = 2y + 4 x+2= 1 y2
2
x+5
3
= y3 x2 ! 4 = y" 2x + 4 = y 2
2
3 x+5
3
= y" 2
x !4
= g !1 (x) 2x + 4 = y "
2
3 x+5 = f !1 (x) 2x + 4 = h !1 (x)
3

1-38.
a. g(h(4)) = g ( 12 !16 " 2 ) = g(6) = 2 ! 6 + 4 = 16 = 4
h(g(-1)) = h ( 2 ! (-1) + 4 ) = h ( 2 ) = 12 ! ( 2 ) " 2 = 1 " 2 = "1
2
b.
c. g(h(!2)) = g ( 12 " 4 ! 2 ) = g(0) = 2 " 0 + 4 = 2
d. Part (c) does not have the same output as input.
e. A function has one output (y) for every input (x), but y = ± 2x + 4 has two outputs for
every input.

1-39.
a. sin x = 12
7 b. cos y = 15
5

sin !1 (sin(x)) = sin !1 ( 0.583 ) cos!1 (cos(y)) = cos!1 ( 0.333 )

x = 35.7! y = 70.5!

1-40.
a. cubic function y = x 3 b. exponential function y = 2x
flipped over y-axis y = !x 3 shifted down 3 units y = 2 x ! 3
shifted down 3 units y = !x 3 ! 3 shifted right 2 units y = 2 x!2 ! 3
shifted right 2 units y = ! ( x ! 2 ) ! 3
3

1-41.
a. g(x ! 2) = x ! 2 + 1 = x ! 1
b. f (g(8)) = f ( 8 + 1) = f (3) = 32 + 2(3) = 15
c. g( f (8)) = g(8 2 + 2(8)) = g(80) = 80 + 1 = 9
d. f ( f (1)) = f (12 + 2(1)) = f (3) = 32 + 2(3) = 15
e. f (x + 1) = (x + 1)2 + 2(x + 1) = x 2 + 2x + 1 + 2x + 2 = x 2 + 4x + 3
f. g( f (x)) = x 2 + 2x + 1 = (x + 1)2 = x + 1

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 7 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

1-42.
h( j(x)) = 3(ax + b) ! 2 = 3ax + 3b ! 2
j(h(x)) = a(3x ! 2) + b = 3ax ! 2a + b
3b ! 2 = !2a + b
2a + 2b = 2
a+b =1

Lesson 1.1.4

1-44.
a. Shifts right three units and up two units.
b. f (x + 4) ! 2
c. The point is on the x-axis. It does not change since –0 = 0.
d. It still does not move.

1-45.
Shifted left two units: g(x) = f (x + 2)
Shifted down one unit: g(x) = f (x + 2) ! 1

1-46.
a. It is stretched then shifted down 3.
b. It is shifted down 3 and then stretched.
c. k(x) = 2 f (x) ! 3 , m(x) = 2( f (x) ! 3) = 2 f (x) ! 6. These two functions are not equivalent.

1-48.
a. They are the same.
b. 2!x!4 0!x"2!2
c. Yes, replace x with x – 2 in the inequalities and solve. +2 + 2 + 2
d. 0 ! x+3!2 2!x!4
!3 !3 !3
! 3 " x " !1

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 8 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

Review and Preview 1.1.4

1-49.
a. f (x + 2) + 1 Shifted left two units and up b. 2 f (x) + 2 Vertical stretch by a
one unit. factor of two, up two.

c. ! f (x + 4) Flipped over x-axis, and shifted left four units.

1-50.
!A = 180! " 90! " 38! = 52!
cos 38! = 15
c
0.788 = 15
c
c= 15 = 19.04
0.788
cm
sin 38! = 19.04
b

b = 0.6157 #19.04 = 11.72 cm

1-51.
a. 50(1.5) + 75(0.5) = 75 + 37.5 = 112.5 miles
b. two rectangles
c. 50(1.5) + 75(0.5) = 75 + 37.5 = 112.5 miles
miles ! hours = miles
d. hour

1-52.
a. f (g(!2)) = f ((!2)2 ! 1) = f (3) = 2(3) + 5 = 11
b. ( (
g ( f ( h(2) ) ) = g f 2+2 ) ) = g ( f (2) ) = g ( 2(2) + 5 ) = g(9) = 92 ! 1 = 81 ! 1 = 80
c. y = 2x + 5
x = 2y + 5
x ! 5 = 2y
x!5
2
=y
1
2 ( x!5 )= f !1 (x)

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 9 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

d. f ( g ( h(x) ) ) = f "
# ( x+2 )2 ! 1$% = f (x + 1) = 2(x + 1) + 5 = 2x + 2 + 5 = 2x + 7

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 10 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

1-53.
The graph does not give a full line. The line starts at ( !2 , 3) and then follows the line
y = 2x + 7 . Since h(x) is defined for only values of x ! "2 , the composite function is only
defined for x ! "2 .

1-54.
a. Opposite = !5 4 b. Opposite = !3!5
Reciprocal = 5 !4 = 1 Reciprocal = 35
54
c. Opposite = 11!6 d. Opposite = ! 2
7
Reciprocal = !116 Reciprocal = 7
2

( 119 ) ( 137 ) = ( ! 137 )

2 !5 !5
e. Opposite = ! f. Opposite = !

Reciprocal = ( 11
9 )
= ( 11 ) Reciprocal = ( 13 )
!2 9 2 7 5

1-55.
xm
= x m ! x "n = x m+("n) = x m"n
xn

Lesson 1.2.1

1-57.
y!2
a. (7, 2) b. m= 5!2
7!1
= 3
6
= 1
2
c. (x, 2) d. m= x!1
y!2 y! y1
e. 1
2
= x!1
f. (x, y1 ) g. y ! y1, x ! x1 h. x! x1
1
2
(x ! 1) = y ! 2
y!2= 1
2
(x ! 1)

1-58.
Yes, the point (0, 0) is on the line because f (0) = 23 ! 0 " 0 = 0 .
y= 2
3
(x ! 2) + 5
y ! 5 = 23 (x ! 2)
This is the same as point-slope form.

1-59.
original function ! y = mx
right shift h units ! y = m(x " h)
shifted up k units ! y = m(x " h) + k

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 11 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

1-60.
The point-slope form requires a point on the line and the slope of the line. bThe slope-
intercept form requires the slope and the y-intercept.

1-61.
a. y = 53 (x ! 10) ! 3
b. y ! 7.3 = 2.85(x ! 6.1)
c. m = 15!
21!8 = 13 Point-slope form: y ! 8 = 13 (x ! 4) or y ! 21 = 13 (x ! 15)
4 11 11 11
d. m = 9.78!6.24
5.1-4.3
= 4.425
Point-slope form: y ! 6.24 = 4.425(x ! 5.1) or y ! 6.24 = 4.425(x ! 4.3)

1-62.
The negative reciprocal. slope = ! 2
5

1-63.
The negative reciprocal. The product of a slope and the perpendicular slope should be –1.

1-64.
When the slope is zero.

1-65.
a. m=3 b. m1 = 3
4
y ! 7 = 3(x + 2) ! m1 = m! = " 4
3
y " 20 = " 43 (x " 12)

1-66.
a. AB = (15 ! 3)2 + (12 ! 3)2 = 144 + 81 = 225 = 15
b. midpoint of AB = ( 3+15
2 2 ) ( 2
, 3+12 2 ) (
= 18 , 15 = 9, 7.5 )

Review and Preview 1.2.1

1-67.
a. Parent Graph: y = 1
x
b. Parent Graph: y = x 2
Shifted left 2 units: y = 1 Shifted right 2 units: y = (x ! 2)2
x+2
Shifted down 3 units: y = 1 !3 Shifted up 1 unit: y = !(x ! 2)2 + 1
x+2

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 12 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

1-68.
a. 50mph ! 3hours = 150 miles
b. It is a rectangle.
c. height = 50 mph, base = 3 hours,
( )
50 miles ! (3hrs) = 150 miles
hr

1-69.
a. 1
= 1
= 1
= 3!15
27 5 (3 )5
3 315

( 18 ) ( ) ( )x = 2!3x
x x
b. = 1
= 2 !3
23

( )
( 2" x ) ( 2" x )
c. 16 x ! ( )
1
32 ( )
= 24
x
! 1
25
( )( 2" x ) = 2 4 x ! 2"10+5 x = 2 4 x"10+5 x = 29 x"10
= 2 4 x ! 2 "5

1-70.
f (x + 1) = x+1+1
x+1!2
= x+2
x!1
= 1
2
" 2(x + 2) = 1(x ! 1)
2x + 4 = x ! 1
x + 4 = !1
x = !5

1-71.

( ) ( )
(x!1) (2 x! 3)
a. (2 3 )(x+ 3) = 2 5 b. (33 )2 x = 1
c. 1 = 1
32 53 52
2 3x+9 = 2 5 36 x = (3!2 )(x!1) (5 !3 )(2 x! 3) = 5 !2
! 3x + 9 = 5
36 x = 3!2 x+2 " 5 !6 x+9 = 5 !2
3x = "4
" 6x = !2x + 2 !6x + 9 = !2
x=" 4
3 8x = 2 !6x = !11
x= 1
4
x = 11
6

1-72.
a. 3x ! 6 ! 2x ! 14 = 2x + 17 b. (x + 5)(x ! 2) = 0
x ! 20 = 2x + 17 Either x + 5 = 0 or x ! 2 = 0
!x ! 20 = 17 x = !5, 2
!x = 37 " x = !37

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 13 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

c. x 2 ! 7x + 12 = 0 d. x 3 + x 2 ! 6x = 0
(x ! 4)(x ! 3) = 0 x(x 2 + x ! 6) = 0
Either x ! 4 = 0 or x ! 3 = 0 x(x + 3)(x ! 2) = 0
x = 3, 4 x = 0, x + 3 = 0!or x ! 2 = 0
x = !3, 0, 2

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 14 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

1-73.
a. g( f (x)) = x 2 + x + 1 b. f (g(x)) = (x + 1)2 + x c. (x + 1)2 + (x + 1) = 2
= x 2 + 2x + 1 + x x 2 + 2x + 1 + x + 1 = 2
= x 2 + 3x + 2 x 2 + 3x = 0
x(x + 3) = 0
x = 0 or x = !3

1-74.
sin !P = 16
8 = 1
2

sin "1 ( sin !P ) = sin "1 ( 12 )

!P = 30!
!R = 180! " 90! " 30! = 60!
sin 60! = 16r

2
3
#16 = r
r = 8 3 $ 13.86 cm

Lesson 1.2.2

1-75.
a. The coefficients a, b and c.
!b + D !b ! D
b. = R and =S
2a 2a
c. R and S; the Quadratic Formula has two solutions because of the ± in the formula.

1-78.
Sierpinski’s Triangle

a. By choosing a random integer: 0, 1, or 2.

b. T = 0 chooses A, T = 2 chooses B.
CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 15 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry
c. :(X+T)/2, :(Y+T)/2Y, and Y/2Y.
Review and Preview 1.2.2

1-79.
The program will “crash” since the program tries to take the square root of a negative
number.

1-80.
a. Flip over y-axis: ! f (x) b. Shifted up 1 unit: f (x) + 1
Shifted up 3 units: ! f (x) + 3 Shifted left 1 unit: f (x + 1) + 1
Doubled: 2(f (x + 1) + 1) = 2 f (x + 1) + 2
h(x) = 2 f (x + 1) + 2

1-81.
9!(!3)
Slope of line m = 8!2
= 12
6
=2
Midpoint of line = ( 8+2
2
,
9+(!3)
2 )=( 10
2
, 6
2 ) = ( 5, 3)
Slope of perpendicular line = ! 1
2
Equation of line y ! 3 = ! 1
2 ( x ! 5)
1-82.
a. p = 6, q = 2 b. not in p q form
c. p = x + 3y, q = 2 ! r d. not in p q form

1-83.
a. 6 2 ! (6 2 )"3 !1 = 6 2 ! 6 "6 = 6 "4
(5 2 )2 ! 5 "3 5 4 ! 5 "3 51
b. 3 "2
= "6
= "6
= 51"("6) = 5 7
(5 ) 5 5
3 !19 97 3 3
c. = !19 97"94 = !19 3
8 !19 94 8 8
3 !19 -97 3 !19 94 3 3
d. "94
= = !19 94"97 = !19 "3
8 !19 8 !19 97 8 8

1-84.
a. Example: x = 2, y = 3 b. Example: p = 2, q = 3
! (2 + 3)2 "4+9 ! 2 2 + 32 " 2 + 3
25 " 13 13 " 5

Solution continues on next page. →

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 16 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

1-84. Solution continued from previous page.
c. Example: w = 4 d. Example: a = 2, b = 3
! 3 " 4 #2 $ 1
! (2 "1 + 3"1 )"1 # 2 + 3
3"4 2

( 12 + 13 ) # 5
"1
3
16
$ 1
48

( 56 ) # 5
e. Example: x = 5 "1

! 3 " 25 # 65 6
#5
3 " 32 # 7776 5

96 # 7776

1-85.
a. Impossible, different bases. b. Impossible, bases are being added.
c. 2 2+ 3 = 2 5 d. d. 2 2!3 = 2 6
e. 2 2! 3 = 2 !1
f. Impossible, bases are being subtracted.

1-86.
y= 5
2
x!3
x= 5
2
y!3
x+3= 5
2
y
2(x+ 3)
5
=y
= f !1 (x)
2(x+ 3)
5

1-87.
a. x(x + 8) b. 6x(x + 8)

1-88.
Circumference of circle = 2! "1 = 2! !=
Length of AB 1
! 2" = "
4 2

1-89.
Area = base ! height
30 = 12 !12 ! h
30 = 6 ! h
5 inches = h
sin 36! = KL
5

KL = 5
0.5878
= 8.51 inches

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 17 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

Lesson 1.3.1

1-90.
a. K = 12 ah b. sin C = h
b
! h = b sin C
c. K= 1
2
ah ! K = 1
2
ab sin C

1-91.
Area = 12 (6)(4) sin 76! = 12 ! 0.970 = 11.644 cm 2

1-92.
K= 1
2
bh
sin A = h
c
! h = c sin A
K= 1
2
bc sin A

1-93.
SA of one side = 1
2
(10)(10) sin 40!
= 50 ! 0.643 = 32.139 ft 2
Total surface area of sides = 4(32.139) = 128.558 ft 2

1-94.
a. sin A = h
b
! h = b sin A b. sin B = h
a
! h = a sin B
c. h = b sin A, h = a sin B d. h = b sin C, h = c sin B
b sin A = a sin B b sin C = c sin B
sin A
a
= sin B
b
sin B
b
= sin C
c

e. sin A
a
= sin B
b
= sin C
c

1-95.
sin Q
sin P
p
= q
= sin R
r

1-96.
!NAT = 180! " 100! " 38! = 42! sin 42! sin 100!
a. b. 200
= y

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 18 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

 sin 42! = sin 38!
200 x
0.0033x = 0.985
0.0033x = 0.6157 x = 294.354 ft
x = 184.018 ft
1-97.
Cannot in (a) and (b) because you will get two unknowns in any form of the equation.
Cannot in (d) for the same reason, and also because the triangle is not determined. Note
that (c) is the only diagram in which you’re given exactly one side.

Review and Preview 1.3.1

1-98.
a. b. !G = 180! " 64 ! " 38! = 78!
8 = OG
sin 78! sin 64!
8 # 0.8988 = OG # 0.9781
7.1904
0.9781
= OG
7.351 in = OG
8 = DG
sin 78! sin 38!
8 ! 0.6157 = DG ! 0.9781
4.9256
0.9781
= DG
5.035 in = DG
Area of !DOG = 8"5.036"sin 64! == 40.288"0.8988 = 18.102 sq. in.
c. 2 2

1-99.
f (x + 2) = (x + 2)2 + 2(x + 2)
= x 2 + 4x + 4 + 2x + 4
0 = x 2 + 6x + 8
0 = (x + 2)(x + 4)
Either x + 2 = 0 or x + 4 = 0
! x = "2 or x = "4

1-100.
x 6 = 90
x = 6 90

1-101.

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 19 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

 yn = x
y=nx

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 20 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

1-102.
a. ( 641/3 )2 = 4 2 = 16 b. (1251/3 )4 = 5 4 = 625
%2
c. 813/4 = ( 811/4 ) = 33 = 27
3
d. (" 8 ) $ ( 2 ) ( 3 ) 9
! 27 1/3 # = 3 %2 = 2 2 = 4

1-103.
a. y = 3 2x ! 1 b. y= 1
2
(x ! 3) + 1 c. y = 2x 3/2
x = 3 2y ! 1 x= 1 (y ! 3) + 1 x = 2y 3/2
2
= 2y ! 1
x
= y 3/2
x3 2(x ! 1) = y ! 3 2

( 2x ) = y
2/3
x 3 +1 = y 2(x ! 1) + 3 = y
2
2(x ! 1) + 3 = g !1 (x)
( 2x ) = h!1(x)
2/3
1 (x 3 + 1) =
2
f !1 (x)

1-104.
a. Distance for one revolution = Circumference of circle = 2 ! " ! r = 2 ! " !1 = 2" feet
b. 10 = 2 ! " ! r
10
2"
=r #r= 5
"
= 1.592 feet

1-105.
a. n2 + n2 = d 2 b. 1
2
! 90! = 45!
2n 2 = d 2
2n 2 = d
n 2=d
c. (2n)2 = n 2 + k 2 d. y = 60! (equilateral triangle)
4n 2 = n 2 + k 2
3n 2 = k 2
3n 2 = k
n 3=k

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 21 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

Lesson 1.3.2

1-106.
a. e=b!d b. h 2 + e2 = c 2 ! h 2 = c 2 " e2
c. h2 + d 2 = a2 ! h2 = a2 " d 2 d. a 2 ! d 2 = c 2 ! e2
a 2 ! d 2 + e2 = c 2
e. c 2 = a 2 ! d 2 + (b ! d)2 f. cos C = d
a
! d = a cos C
c 2 = a 2 ! d 2 + b 2 ! 2bd + d 2
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 ! 2bd
g. c 2 = a 2 + b 2 ! 2b(a cos C)

1-107.
a. c 2 = 110 2 + 126 2 ! 2(110)(126) cos 74 !
c 2 = 12100 + 15876 ! 7640.668
c 2 = 20335.332
c = 20335.332 = 142.6 ft
Yes, 150 feet of fencing is enough.
sin 74! = sin B sin 74! = sin C
b. 142.6 126 142.6 110
0.0067 = sin B
126
0.0067 = sin C
110
0.849 = sin B 0.7415 = sin C
sin !1 0.849 = sin !1 (sin B) sin !1 0.7415 = sin !1 (sin C)
58.1! = "B 47.9! = "C
c. Area = 12 (110)(126) sin 74 ! = 6930 ! 0.9613 = 6661.54
2300 (area of home)
= 0.3453
6661 (area of lot)
Yes, the area of the home would be more than 1 of the lot size.
3

1-108.
It is not possible in (c) or (d) because you will get two unknowns in any form of the
equation. You can solve (c) with the Law of Sines. The triangle for (d) is not determined.

1-109.
cos C = cos90! = 0
!c 2 != a 2 !+ b 2 !– 2ab ( 0 )
c 2 != a 2 !+ b 2

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 22 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

1-110.
c 2 = 10 2 + 14 2 ! 2(10)(14) cos 60°
c 2 = 296 ! 280 " 12
c 2 = 156
c = 156 = 12.490

1-111.
BE 2 = 3.5 2 + 2.8 2 ! 2(2.8)(3.5) cos 43!
BE 2 = 20.09 ! 14.3345
BE 2 = 5.7555
BE = 2.399 km

1-112.
c 2 = 10 2 + 20 2 ! 2(10)(20) cos 30!
c 2 = 500 ! 346.4102
c 2 = 153.5898
c = 12.393 cm

1-113.
x 2 = 28 2 + 42 2 ! 2(28)(42) cos X ! If X = 0! If X = 180!
x 2 = 784 + 1764 ! 2352 cos X ! x 2 + 2352 = 2548 x 2 ! 2352 = 2548
x 2 = 2548 ! 2352 cos X ! x 2 = 196 x 2 = 4900
x 2 + 2352 cos X ! = 2548 x = 196 = 14 x = 4900 = 70
14 < x < 70 inches

Review and Preview 1.3.2

1-114.
a. 6 2 = 5 2 + 8 2 ! 2 " 5 " 8 cos A 6
= 5
sin 48.51! sin B
36 = 89 ! 80 cos A 6 sin B = 5 ! 0.7491
53
80
= cos A sin B = 3.7454 = 0.6242
6
0.6625 = cos A
"B = 38.62!
48.51! = #A
"C = 180! # 38.62! # 48.51! = 92.87!
b. A= 1
2
8 ! 6 ! (sin 38.62) = 8!6!0.6242
2
= 29.959
2
= 14.98 square meters

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 23 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

1-115.
a. x 2 + 1 + 2x ! 8 = x 2 + 2x ! 7
b. (2x - 8) ( 12 x + 1) = x 2 + 2x ! 4x ! 8 = x 2 ! 2x ! 8
c. 2( 12 x + 1) ! 8 = x + 2 ! 8 = x ! 6
d. (x 2 + 1)2 + 1 = x 4 + 2x 2 + 1 + 1 = x 4 + 2x 2 + 2

1-116.
a. 1 ! 360! = 180! b. 1 ! 2" = " meters c. ! = 1 ! 2" =
AB "
meters
2 2 6 3

1-117.
a. ( )"3 ! 5 3 = 52+( "6 )+ 3 = 5"1
52 ! 52

b.
( 32 )2 ! 3"3 = 34 ! 3"3 = 3 = 31"( "6 ) = 37
( 33 )"2 3"6 3"6

5 !14 98 5 98"95 = 5 !14 3

c. = !14
8 !14 95 8 8
5 !14 -98 5 "98" ( "95 ) 5
d. "95
= !14 = !14 "3
8 !14 8 8

1-118.
a. ( 81/3 )2 = 22 = 4 b. (1001/2 )3 = 10 3 = 1000
c. (1251/3 )2 = 52 = 25
1-119.
3x ! 7y = 42
!7y = !3x + 42
y= 3
7
x!6
perpendicular slope = ! 7
3
equation of line " y + 8 = ! 7
3 ( x + 3)
1-120.
a. 2x + 3y + 6 = 6x ! 30 b. 6x + 1 = 6y!!!!!y ! 0
3y = 4x ! 36 y= 6 x+ 1
6 6
y= 4
3
x ! 12 y= x+ 1 !!x ! " 1
6 6

1-121.
a. (2x ! 3y)(2x + 3y) b. 2x 3 (4 ! x 4 ) = 2x 3 (2 + x 2 )(2 ! x 2 )
CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 24 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry
1-122.
3! x " 0
!x " !3
x#3

Lesson 1.4.1

1-123.
d. 2π radius lengths = circumference

1-124.
! = 1 unit .
Length of AB

1-125.
C = 2! "1 = 2!

1-126.
a. 360°
b. 2π radians
c. 2! = 6.2832 , nearest whole number = 6

1-127.

1-128.
a. Degrees in half a circle: 180! b. π radians = 180˚
Approximate radians in half a circle: 3
Exact radians in half a circle: !
! ! " 200! "
c. = 180 = 60! d. 200! ! = = 109"
3 3 180! 180!

1-129.
180! = 57.296! !
a. !
b. = 0.017
180!
c. Very different. A radian is much larger, almost 60 times as large.

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 25 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

1-130.
" # !36#
a. 180! ! =" b. !36! " = = ! #5
180! 180! 180
! 2! !! !2
c. 2! ! " = =
180! 180! 90

1-131.
3! 180! 7" 180!
a. 2
" ! = 540
2
= 270! b. ! 6
# " = ! 1260
6
= !210!

c. 2 ! 180
"
!
= ( 360" )!

Review and Preview 1.4.1

1-132.
Radians per minute = 500 ! 2" = 1000"
"
Radians per second = 1000
60
= 1006 " = 503"

1-133.

1-134.
G R Y
16!6 : 1 : 2
x 16!6 32!6
96 = 1
x 96
x = 9216 teaspoons
x= 9216
6
= 1536 ounces
x= 1536
128
= 12 gallons

1-135.
x2 + b = 7
x2 = 7 ! b
x = ± 7 ! b, b"7

1-136.
a. 9: x 2 + 6x + 9 = (x + 3)(x + 3) = (x + 3)2
CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 26 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry
b. 8: x 2 ! 8x + 16 = (x ! 4)(x ! 4) = (x ! 4)2

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 27 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

1-137.
a. d= ( !4 ! (!2) )2 + ( 2 ! (!6) )2
d = (!2)2 + 8 2 = 4 + 64 = 68
2!(!6)
b. m= !4!(!2)
= 8
!2
= !4 point slope form ! y + 2 = "4(x + 4)
point slope form ! y + 6 = "4(x + 2)
slope intercept form ! y + 2 = "4x " 12
y = "4x " 14

1-138.
a. tan A = 4
7
b. tan B = 7
4

tan !1 (tan A) = tan !1 ( 47 ) tan !1 (tan B) = tan !1 ( 47 )

"A = 29.74 ! "B = 60.26!

1-139.
a. (a ! 3)(a ! 3 ! 1) = (a ! 3)(a ! 4)
b. 5x(x ! 3) + 4(x ! 3) = (x ! 3)(5x + 4)

1-140.
Slopes:
a. !2 b. 2 c. 2 d. 3 e. !2
Parallel Lines (same slope) ! a and e, b and c

Lesson 1.4.2

1-141.
!
a. Radian measure for a: b. 4
, 34! , 54! , 74!
Half circle: 1
2
! 2" = "
"
Quarter circle: 1
4
! 2" = 2
3"
Three fourths of a circle: 3
4
! 2" = 2

!
c. 6
, 26! = !
3
, 36! = !
2
, 46! = 2!
3
, 56! d. 7!
6
, 86! = 4!
3
, 96! = 3!
2
, 106! = 5!
3
, 116!

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 28 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

1-142.
a. In the center of each quadrant. b. y-axis
c. Closest to the x-axis.

1-143.
2"
a. ! 3
+ 63" = 43" b. ! 5"
4
+ 8"
4
= 3"
4
11"
c. ! 6
+ 126" = "6

1-144.
10! 9! + !
a. 3
= 3
= 2! + 43! = 43! b. 17!
4
= 16!4+ ! = 4! + !4 = !
4
25"
c. ! 6
= ! 24 "6+ " = !4" ! "6 = ! "6 or 11"
6

1-145.
a. The speed does not change. The ratio of the distance and time is constant, or for a set time
interval, an object will travel a set distance.
b. Faster on the inside. The CD must go around more times on an inside track to cover the
same distance as a point on the outside of the CD.
c. 200(2! " 5.25) # 6597 cm
d. Distance around innermost track = 2! " 2
6597 = 524.97
2! "2
525 rotations

1-146.
a. 5280 feet = 5280 !12 inches = 63360 inches b. 902 ! " ! 26 = 73676.63 inches
73676.63 = 6140 feet
63360 in
902 rev
= 70.2439 inches in one revolution 12
C = 70.2439 = " d 6140 = 1.163 miles
5280
d = 22.36 inch diameter

c. Linda could get a speeding ticket.

40 = x
22.36 26
x= 40!26
22.36
= 46.5 mph

Review and Preview 1.4.2

1-147.
a. 120! ! " = 120" = 2" b. !225! " # = !225#
=! 5#
1 180! 180 3 1 180! 180 4
!
80 ! " = 80" = 4 "
c. 1 180! 180 9

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 29 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

1-148.
a. tan x = 20 = 5 b. 10
= x
12 3 sin 35! sin 80!
tan-1 (tan x) = tan !1 ( 53 ) 10 ! 0.9848 = x ! 0.5736
x = 59.0!
9.848
0.5736
= 17.17 = x

c. x 2 = 6.5 2 + 7.12 ! 2 " 6.5 " 7.1 cos 119! d. 60 = 12 !15 ! x ! sin 28!
x 2 = 42.25 + 50.41 ! 92.3(!0.4848) 60 = 0.4695x
7.5
x 2 = 92.66 + 44.75 = 137.41 8
= 17.04cm =x
0.4695
x = 137.41 = 11.72

1-149.
y

a. y= 3x+2 b. 6
f -1 (x)

x = 3 y+2 4

f(x)
2

x3 = y+2 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6
x

x3 ! 2 = y -2

-4

x 3 ! 2 = f !1 (x) -6

c. f !1 ( f (6)) = f !1 ( 3 6 + 2 ) = f !1 ( 2 ) = 2 3 ! 2 = 6
( ) ( )
f f !1 (2) = f 2 3 ! 2 = f ( 6 ) = 3 6 + 2 = 3 8 = 2
!1
Composing f and f in either order returns the original number.

1-150.
ax 2 + bx + c = d(x 2 ! 2ex + e2 ) + f
ax 2 + bx + c = dx 2 ! 2dex + (de2 + f )
a = d, b = !2de, c = de2 + f

1-151.
a. Parent Graph ! y = x 3 b. Parent graph ! y = x
Transformation Transformation
Flip over y-axis ! y = "x 3 Shifted left one unit ! y = x + 1
Shifted right two units ! y = " ( x " 2 ) Shifted down two units ! y = x + 1 " 2
3

Shifted down three units ! y = " ( x " 2 ) " 3

3

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 30 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

1-152.
f (g(x)) = (x ! 3)2 ! 2(x ! 3) + 5
f (g(x)) = x 2 ! 6x + 9 ! 2x + 6 + 5
f (g(x)) = x 2 ! 8x + 20
x 2 ! 8x + 20 = 8
x 2 ! 8x + 12 = 0
(x ! 2)(x ! 6) = 0
x ! 2 = 0 or x!6=0
x = 2 or x=6

1-153.
PQ
a. 30 ! ! 60 ! ! 90 ! b. sin 30! = 12
1
2
!12 = 6 = PQ
QR
c. cos 30! = 12
d. sin P = 6 3
12
= 2
3

2
3
!12 = 6 3 = QR

1-154.
a. b.
k(x ! 2) + 3 !k(x) ! 2

c.
1
2
k(x) + 1

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 31 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

Closure Problems

CL 1-155.
a. f (x) ! g(x) = 2x 2 ! x ! 3x + 1 = 2x 2 ! 4x + 1
b. g( f (x)) = 3(2x 2 ! x) ! 1 = 6x 2 ! 3x ! 1
g(x+2) 3(x+2)!1
c. f (x+2)
= = 3x+6!1 = 3x+5 = 3x+5
2(x+2)2 !(x+2) 2
2(x + 4 x+ 4)! x!2 2
2 x +8 x+8! x!2 2
2 x + 7 x+6

CL 1-156.
a. b. y ! 4 = ! 12 (x ! 2)

CL 1-157.
a. Third angle = 180! ! 50! ! 45! = 85! b. Law of Sines
sin 85! sin 50!
7
= a
c. ASA
0.1423 = a 0.766

a = 0.1423
0.766
= 5.383
sin 85! = sin 45!
7 b
0.1423 = b 0.707

b = 0.1423
0.707
= 4.969

CL 1-158.
a. c 2 = 4 2 + 7 2 ! 2(4)(7) cos 50! b. Law of Cosines
c2 = 16 + 49 ! 36 c. SAS
c 2 = 29
c = 29 = 5.386

CL 1-159.
(xy2 )3 x 3 y6
a. 25x 4 = 5 ! 5 ! x 2 ! x 2 = 5x 2 b. = = x 3!1y 6! 3/2 = x 2 y 9/2
(x 2 y 3 )1/2 xy 3/2
c. x 3 + (x 2 )1/2 = x 3 + x

CL 1-160.
CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 32 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry
a. 3 ! 2" = 6" b. 26
2
! 6" = 78" in/sec # 20.4 ft / sec

CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 33 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

CL 1-161.
hyp.
a. sin 45! = 4
hyp.
b. sin 45! = 6

hyp = 4 =4 2 hyp = 1
!6 = 6
= 6 2
2
=3 2
1/ 2 2 2
Isosceles triangle Isosceles triangle
leg = 4 leg = 3 2

leg
c. sin 30! = 2 !!!!!!!!cos 30!
hyp.
= 4

hyp = 122 = 4!!!!!!!!leg = 2

3
!4 = 2 3

CL 1-162.
f (x) = 2 x ! 3 + 1

Parent graph: y = x
Stretched: y = 2 x
Shifted right three units: y = 2 x ! 3
Shifted up one unit: y = 2 x ! 3 + 1

Inverse: x = 2 y ! 3 + 1 f !1 (x) = 1
4
(x ! 1)2 + 3
x !1= 2 y ! 3
x!1
2
= y!3

( x!12 ) = y ! 3
2

( x!12 ) + 3 = 14 (x ! 1)2 + 3 = y
2

CL 1-163.
a. b.

CL 1-164.
125 125
a. Total distance = 30 ! 2 + 40 !1 + 50 ! 12 b. = = 35.7 mph
2 +1+ 1
2
3.5
= 60 + 40 + 25 = 125 miles
CPM Educational Program © 2012 Chapter 1: Page 34 Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry