LG' = Heat Loss Due to Dry Flue Gas (kJ/kg of fuel burned)

Determining the loss due to Heat in Dry Flue Gas (LG') involves several steps. The steps shown here represent one way to calculate the
loss.
Determine the amount of refuse per kilogram of fuel, Wd'p': where:
Wd'p' = Kilograms of dry refuse/kilogram of fuel
𝑊𝐴 WA = Percent by weight of ash in fuel from laboratory analysis of sampled coal WCA
𝑊𝑑′ 𝑝′ = = Percent of combustibles (carbon) by weight/kilogram of refuse (from laboratory
100% − 𝑊𝐶𝐴 analysis of sampled refuse)
Determine the heating value of the combustibles: where:
Hd'p' = Heating value of combustibles in refuse (Btu/lb of refuse) WCA = Percent of
carbon, by weight/kilogram of refuse
Hd′ p′ = WCA × 33,727 14,500 = Heating value of carbon (kJ/kg)

Determine the kilograms of carbon burned per kilogram of fuel: where:

Cb = Kilograms of carbon burned/kilogram of fuel
𝐶 Wd′p′ x Hd′p′ C = Kilograms of carbon/kilogram of fuel
𝐶𝑏 = −
100% 33,727
Determine the amount of dry flue gas produced per kilogram of fuel: where:
WG' = Weight of dry flue gas/kilogram of fuel
CO2 = Percent by volume of CO2 in flue gas
O2 = Percent by volume of O2 in flue gas
44.10 𝐶𝑂2+ 32.00 𝑂2 + 28.01 𝐶𝑂+28.02 𝑁2 5.48 𝑆 CO = Percent by volume of CO in flue gas
𝑊𝐺′ = 12.01 𝐶𝑂2 + 𝐶𝑂 𝐶𝑏 + N2 = Percent by volume of N2 in flue gas
74.60 S = Weight of sulfur/kilogram of fuel

Note that the amount of water vapor in the flue gas from the evaporation of
moisture in the fuel (inherent and surface) as well a water vapor formed from the
combustion of hydrogen is not included in this calculation.

LG (heat loss from the dry flue gas constituents) is calculated as the where :
product of the amount of dry flue gas (kg flue gas/kg of coal), its heat CpG' = Specific heat capacity of dry flue gas (kJ/kg-°C)
capacity (kJ/kg), and the difference between the temperature of the gas TGδL = Temperature of exit flue gas corrected for air heater leakage
TRE = Reference temperature of air; which is considered to be 25°C in PTC 4.
exiting the boiler and the reference temperature, which is 25°C. It is
typically considered that the heat capacity of the combustion air and the
dry flue gas are the same.

LG' = 𝑊𝐺′ × CpG' × (TGδL −TRE)

Note that the exit gas temperature for this calculation requires correction where:
for air heater leakage. The corrected temperature is determined using the A (L) = Air heater leakage (%)
TGL = Measured flue gas exit temperature (°C)
following equation:
TAen = Measured temperature of the air entering the air heater
𝐴(𝐿) 𝑥 𝑇𝐺𝐿 − 𝑇𝐴𝑒𝑛 100 = Factor to convert percent to decimal
TGδL = 𝑇𝐺𝐿 +
100
Air heater leakage data for the calculation above. where:
A(L) = Air heater leakage as percent of entering gas flow
𝑶𝟐 𝒐𝒖𝒕 − 𝑶𝟐 𝒊𝒏 O2 OUT = The percent by volume of oxygen in flue gas leaving the air heater
𝑨(𝑳) = 𝒙 𝟗𝟎 O2 IN = The percent by volume of oxygen in economizer exit flue gas
𝟐𝟏 − 𝑶𝟐 𝒐𝒖𝒕 21 = The percent by volume of oxygen in air
90 = Constant