Design of inverted Siphon

Course :Environmental Engineering II

Course Code:CVEE0030

Dr Girija.T.R
Department of Civil Engineering
School of Technology
Assam DonBosco University
Inverted Siphon
Features of inverted siphion
• Changes of direction in inverted siphons should be easy and gradual.
• For trouble free working self cleansing velocities should be provided in the
siphon. Velocity should not be less that 1m/sec
• To ensure self cleansing velocities for wide variations in flows, the inverted
siphon is generally provided with two or more pipes of not less than 200
mm diameter laid in parallel so that up to certain flow one pipe comes in
to service and when the flow exceeds this flow the excess flow is taken by
the second and subsequent pipes.
• On most of the Separate od partially separate sewerage system two pipes
will be used ; the first taking up to 1.5 times the average dry weather flow
and the second pipe taking the balance flow.
• For combined sewers , three or more will serve the purpose .
• The total length of each pipe consists of straight length , and the lengths
of fall ,bends and rise. Allowance should be made for loss of head due to
bends and due to increased friction on account of roughness in the siphon
caused due to silting in the straight length.
• Possibility of silting can be avoided by means of screens or detritus pits
above the siphon inlet and by adjusting the flow ie from higher level at
inlet to lower level at outlet.
• The design of inlet chamber and outlet chamber should allow sufficient
room for entry for cleaning and maintenance of siphons.
• The whole structure should be properly anchored to avoid flotation when
empty.
• A sewer line carrying an average discharge of 200 litres /second , has to cross
a stream. Design a three barrel Siphon , for this purpose , if the length of the
siphon , measured along the centre line, including the slopes , is 90m. The
invert level at the inlet and outlet ends of the sewer are 152.5 m and 151.78
m respectively. The maximum and minimum flows are 250 % and 40 % of the
average respectively. Assume that minor losses as 0.07 m , and self cleansing
velocity of 1m/sec .
Step1: Calculation of Discharges at various flows
Average flow =200 litres /Sec = 200 x10−3 m3/Sec=0.2 m3/Sec
250
Maximum flow =250% of average flow= x0.2= 0.5 m3/Sec
100
40
Minimum Flow =40% of average flow = x0.2 =0.08 m3/Sec
100
Maximum available head = 152.5 – 151.78 = 0.72 m
contd
Step II:
Design of flow at minimum discharge
Qmin = 0.08 m3/Sec
We know that
Q = Area x Velociy
Velocity is to be assumed as 1m/sec
Area of cross section of the pipe to carry minimum flow - 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 = 𝜋𝐷2 /4
Where D –Diameter of the pipe
𝜋𝐷2
0.08 = x 1, from which we get , D = 0.319m
4
Use 300 mm diameter cast iron pipe .
Actual Velocity =Q/A= 0.08/(𝜋 0.32 /4) = 1.132 m/sec
contd
• Computation of head loss for the pipe carrying minimum flow
Here we can use Mannings Formula
1 2/3 1/2
V = 𝑅 𝑆
𝑁
R –hydraulic mean depth = D/4 (when running full)=0.3/4=0.075
N = 0.013
V =1.132 m/sec (computed as actual velocity after correcting the diameter)
Substituting in Manning’s formula,
1
1.132 = x0.0752/3 x𝑆1/2 , from which we get
0.013
S = 0.00685
Now frictional head loss , ℎ𝑓 =Sx L =0.00685x 90 = 0.616m
Total Loss = ℎ𝑙 = ℎ𝑓 +minor losses = 0.616+0.07 = 0.686 m ;
This is less than the available head of 0.72 m .
Hence the pipe diameter is satisfactory.
Step III.Design for flow at average discharge:
Average discharge = 0.2 m3/Sec
Minimum Discharge = 0.08 Cumecs
At the average flow period , flow in excess of minimum will pass through the second
pipe .
Flow in excess of minimum = 0.2 – 0.08 = 0.12 m3/Sec
Assuming self cleansing velocity of 1m/Sec
𝜋𝐷2
0.12 = x 1 , from which we get D = 0.39 m =390 mm
4
Use 380 mm CI pipe
Actual Velocity V = 0.12ൗ 𝜋0.382 = 1.058 m/sec
( )
4
1
V = 𝑅2/3 𝑆1/2 ; V = 1.058 m/sec ; R = 0.38/4 = 0.095 m;
𝑁
S = 0.00436 , ℎ𝑓 =Sx L =0.00436 x 90 = 0.392m
Total Head loss ℎ𝑙 = ℎ𝑓 +minor losses =0.392+0.07 =0.463 m < 0.72m ; hence OK
Step IV: Design of flow for Maximum Discharge:
𝑄max= 0.5 m3/Sec
Flow in the third pipe during the flow at maximum discharge is the quantity in excess of
average flow = 0.5 – 0.2 = 0.3 m3/Sec
Keeping the same velocity =1 m/sec
Diameter required for the third pipe =D
𝜋𝐷 2 𝜋𝐷 2
Q= x 1 ; 0.3= x1;
4 4
(0.3×4)
D =√( ) =0.618m ;use 0.6m(600mm) dia CI pipe.
𝜋×1
0.3
Actual velocity =V= 𝜋 = 1.061m/Sec
4
×0.62

Slope required (S):

1 2/3 1/2
V = 𝑅 𝑆 ; V = 1.061 m/sec ;R=0.6/4; N=0.013; we get S =0.002387;
𝑁
ℎ𝑓 =Sx L =0.002387 x 90 = 0.21483m;Total Head loss= ℎ𝑓 +minor losses=0.2148+0.07
=0.2848 m<0.72m hence provided diameter is ok
contd
Sizes (diameter)required for three barrels of inverted siphon are:
Barrel 1:300 mm diameter

Barrel 2:380 mm diameter

Barrel 3:600 mm diameter

_____________________________________________

Design of inverted siphon is complete.