‘dn’ saeeeee ee ened BO GIAO DUC VABAO TAO KY THI CH C SINH GIOI QUOC GIA THPT NAM 2016 HUONG DAN CHAM DE THI CHINH THUC Mén: HOA HOC Ngay thi thie nhdt: 06/01/2016 (Huong dan chdm gdm 11 trang) 1. Hwéng din chung 1. Cain b6 chém thi chém diing nh Huéng dfn chéra, dap én, thang diém cia BO Gido dye va Dao tao. 2. DSi véi cau, ¥ ma thi sinh ¢6 cach tra Idi khac so véi dép an nhung ding thi vin cho diém téi éa ola od, ¥ dé theo thang diém, 3. Cén bd chém thi khéng quy tron diém thanh phan, didm ting céu, diém cia bai thi vA tong diém hai bai thi cla thi sinh. = 35,5; K=39; Cr= 52; Mn= 55; Fe = 56; Ni= 58; Co = 59; 0,082 atmrL-K" mol"; F = 96500 Cmol; Na = 6,022.10" mol” RI, _ 0,0592 oF! Ig; La Caw G0 diém) 1. 6 digu kign chudn, tai 298 K, entanpi cia cae phan tmg va entropi cia ede chit nhw sau: S6TT Phan tng Phan ting ArH s9¢ (IJ) 1 2NH3 + 3N20 > 4No + 370 =1011 2 N2O + 3H; NaH, +H,0__ -317,0 3 2NEb + 1/202 —>NzHa+ HO 7143 4 Fa + 120, >H,0 7 -286 Chat Nos FRO Ne On S99 (J/K.mol) 240 66,6 191 205 a) Tinh entanpi tao thanh ArH";9 cia NoHs, N20, NH. b) Vide phuong trinh cla phan ting oxi ha hoan toan (aét chéy) hidrazin to than Np va HO. Tinh nhiét ding ap (@ 6 298 K, AG%r9g va hing s6 can bing K cia phan tng oxi héa hidrazin. c) Néu hén hgp ban dau gdm 2 mol NH; va 0,5 mol O: thi nhiét ding tich (Q,) cia phan ung (3) lA bao nhiéu? 2. Urani ty nhién chtta khoang 99,3% "SU; 0,7% 733 U (vé khdi ong) cing voi lugng nhé ce déng ‘¥iphong xa l sin phim phan ra ota céc ding vi én, nhu Ra, “Po ... Mot miu quing urani ¢6 ending 10 kg dy tirmé NOng Son (Quing Nam) ob hogt d6 phéng xqcia “Ra bang 7,51.10* Bq, a) Hoat d6 phéng xa cia U, {Po va 7U trong mau quing noi trén biing bao nhiéu? Cho ling 06 can bing thé ki gitia cde déng vi phéng xa khdi dau cac ho phéng xa ty nhién va cdc con chau ella ching, Cho chu kd bén ri cia %U bang 4,47.10° nam, cia "Ra bling 1620 nam, cla *}U bing 7,038.108 nim (1 nam 06 365 ngay). b) Nhting w6c tinh trung binh cho ring sy phén hach 1 kg 5U sinh ra 6,55,10!° kJ, Tinh xem trong bao nhiéu kg quing urani n6i trén cé chita mOt luong 7°5U ma sy phn hach toa ra ning lugng bing 1,82.10° kWh. Huéng din giai: 1. a) Nhan phan img (2) véi 3 réi ofng voi phan tmg (3) trir di cde phan ting (1) va (4): 86 TT phin tng Phan tng | ArH" 295, kJ ~() -2NH3 -3N,0 >-4N)- 310 +1011 3x(2) 3N20_+ 9Hy > 3NGHs + 3120 -951,0 Q) 2NHy + 1/20) —>N2H, + H,0 -143 trang 1/11\CLou (4) -Hy - 1/202 0 +286 | tacé phan img: — 4N2+8H2 —> 4N2Hy AH 95 = 203 KT Suy ra phan ting: No +2H, —>NoHy AH? 29 = 203/4 = 50,75 kI/mol Ap dung: AHpy = AHysp' ~ AHfayea VA tit phan img (2), (4), ta 06: 317 = AMG, u, + Hh, — AH no — 3AHG, = 50,75 +(-286) AH, -0 AHij,9 = 81,75 kl/mol. ‘Tir phan tng (3), tacd: AH, =AH},y, + AM}, ~20H%y, ~ 1/2N05, 143 = 50,75 +(-286)- 20s, AH yy, = ~46,125k0/mol b) Phan ting oxi héa NoHa: NzH, + O2 >Nz+2H,0 © Qo =AHiy, = 2AHp5(H,0) — AHS, (N,H,) = -(2.286) - 50,75 = - 622,8 KI ASK, = LS), ~ LSY, =19142.66,6— (240 +205) = - 120,8 WK AGigg =AH jog TA Shog = 622, 8 -298.(~120,8.10) = - 586,80 kJ In =-AG9g/ RT => K =e 8PM = g(stsonnstisa «62688 7 9897 10! ¢) Tir phan ting (3); 2NH3 + 1/202 >N2Hy + H20 tacé: AH), =AH},y, +H fo ~2AH ivy, ~ 1/2AH, = 50,75 + (-286) - 2(-46,125) = -143000 J = -143 kT Qy= AU Va AHS,= AU +pAV= AU + AnRT, voi An =1-2,5=-1,5 Qv = AUS, = AH, —AMRT = -143000-(-1,5.8,3 14.298) = - 139284 J =- 1393 kT 2, a)"3U, "Ra va" Po 06 sé khdi khée nhau mot sé nguyén lan cla 4, ching cing ho phéng xa (ho Urani-radi) va nim trong trang thai cén bing thé ki. Hoat d6 phéng xe (4) clia 3 ddng vj nay bang nhau: ACU) = ACHRa ) = ACI Po ) = 7,51.104 Bq, Khdi lugng ?8U trong mfu la: (QU ) = [ACU WAC?52U YIEM(?33 U 76,022. 109] = = 2,51.10°,238.4, 47.10" 365,24,3600 0,693.6,022.10 Khéi lugng %3;U trong m&u 1a: 6,04.(0,7/99,3) = 4,26.107 (g). Hoat 46 phéng xa cla SU La: = 6,04 g 0,693.4, 62.10°6,022.10 7,038.10°.365,24.3600,235 b) Khéi hrgng #°U can ding 1a: 1,82.10° (Kis )-3600s/6,55.10"° kJ = 10 kg. Khéi lwong quing twong tg la: (10.10)/4,26.10° = 2,35.10° (kg). Cau I (3,0 aiém) 1. Nim 1976, JL, Clark ngudi My phét minh ra dang pin wot 06 ste dign dng Er khé én dinh o6 1,434 V, ngay nay duge sir dung trong céc thiét bi dign ty. Dye trén nguyén the chung, thiét gp mét pin gdm mot eye hén héng (amalgam) Zn 10% nhiing trong dung dich bio hoa cia ZnSO,4,7HO; dign exe cén lai tao lap bGi HgySO, va Hg(). Tir cdc dtt kign da cho hay: a) Thiét lp so 46 pin Clark, chi 16 catot va anot. Viét cdc phuong trinh phan tmg xay ra trén cdc dign cye va phan ting ting cong xay ra trong pin. b) Tinh nhiét phan tmg theo kJ & 25°C. ¢) Dyra vao ede sé Tigu tinh todn thu duge, nhén xét vé hudng cita phan ting xay ra trong pin. Cho biét, site dign dng Ey duge tinh theo biéu thite sau: Ex (V) = 1,4328 - 0,00119(7'- 288) - 0,000007(7' - 288)" ACU) = M330 NCRU = =3,7.10° Bq trang 2/11ion cia née (K,): ClOy + 10 +20 -» ClOy+20H = 037V ClOy + 2H* +2e > ClOy+H,0 FP=1,20V. : b) Kali dicromat la mét trong nhting téc nhan tgo két tia, duge sir dung rng rai, Nhting can bing dudi dy duge thiét lap trong dung dich nuée cia crom(VI): HCrOy +H,0 == C10? + 1,0" pKi= 6,50 2HCrO; = == Cn07*+H,0 pK2=-1,36 Bé qua céc cn bang Khéc lién quan dén crom. Gia sit tét ca hé s6 hoat a6 déu bling 1 (nghifa la c6 thé str dung ndng 46 dé tinh hing s6 can bing). Pee 7 Ding két qua tich s6 ion cla nude (Ky) tinh duge & ¥ a), tinh hing s6 can bing otia cde phan img dud day: CO? +H0 == HOO; +OH (1) CO? +20H === 20107 +0 2) ‘Trong truvmg hop khéng tinh duge Ky cita nuée 6 ¥ a), ly Ky = 1,0.10" 48 tinh, ©) Tich sé tan ota BaCrO, la, =1,2.10™. BaCrO> tan dé dang trong nude. Can bing cia phan ting (2) sé chuyén dai theo chiéu no Khi thém cdc the nhén sau vao dung dich twong déi dam dae cba KyCr20;? ) KOH; ii) HC iii) Bah; iv) HO. Huéng din giai: La) Dya vio cde dy ligu & a8 bai, ta c6 thé thiét lap so 43 pin nhy sau: G) Zn (10% trong hén béng) | 2nS04.7H20, Hg2S04) Kg (+) dd bio hoa Khi pin bat dau hoat dng thi trén anot, amal kém sé tan ra, odn trén catot, thy ngén sé dong lai, Céo phan ting héa hoe xay ra nar sau: © Zn > Zn + 2¢ (+) Hep” + 26 > 2Hg Zn + Hg" > zn + 2Hg Hoke: Zn (amalgam) + HgoSO, +740 —> ZnSO,.7H,0 + 2Hg b) Dé xée dinh AMp, & 25°C, ta xudt phat ttr phuong trinh Gibbs - Helmholtz: AG. AG= = 1 G= AH + 7 a a Ching ta lai biét, quan hé gitta AG va E; cé dang: AG =-nFEy Q : 200) | = Hay: ASS | == ne | lay. [ a4" Lor, @) O day, F Ia hing s6 Faraday; Br la stic dign dong cia pin; n 1a sé electron trao dBi trong phin ‘ing oxi - héa Khir xy ra trong pin; 718 nhiét 46 tuyét déi (K). Tir (1), (2) va Q), ta 06: -nFEy= AH - rat Se @ or ip Mat khac, theo dé bai: 5 Ex (V)= 1,4328 - 0,001 19 (T= 288) - 0,000007(7 - 288) 6 25°C hay 298 K, Er (V) = 1,4328 - 0,00119 (298 - 288) - 0,000007(298 - 288)" = 1,4202 (V) [= 0,00119 - 2. (0,000007) (7 - 288) = 0,00119 - 2. (0,000007) (298 - 288) = - 0,00133 (V.K") ang 3/11‘Ti (4), ta dé dang tinh duge Ap: 6 25°C: AHpy = - nF (Ex~ 7|%| ) = 2.96500(1,4202 - 298.(-0,00133)) = -350592 (J) lb =-350,6 (kJ) : ©) Vi Ey = 1,402 V > 0, nén AG = - nF Ey < 0. Diéu dé chting t6 phan tg héa hoc xay ra trong pin hoat déng binh thug theo chiéu thuan, tao ra san phim (theo cling qui luat cia nd). 2. a) Tich sé ion cia nude (Ky): AG? = - nFE? = - n,96500.E° (J) ClO4 + H20 +2 - ClO} +20H > AG? = -2.96500.0,37 =- 71,41 kT ClOg + 2H" +2e > COZ +H,0 B=120V Q) > AG? = - 2.96500.1,20 = - 231,60 kJ. Ly (1) tir di (2), ta c6: 2H,0 == 2H" +20H AG? =- 71,4 - (-231,6) = 160,2 (KI) HO === Ht + OW AG? = 80,1 kI/mol ing: AG? =~ RTInK —> 80,1.10° =~ 8,314.298.1InKy > Ky=e?=9,1.10% +) Truong hop dya vao E°pq dé tinh trye tiép ra K theo phuong trinh: logK = 0,0592 s€ tinh ra Ky = 9,5.10. yx LB }[o] _ [er ]for ] 91.10% J [erox [Crop [HCO | K, 316.107 ‘Truong hgp sir dung Ky = 1,0.10° dé tinh sé thu duge K = 3,16.10°. [oorT _([eror Jer)’ [ [enor] He ““Goryory 1 LOS (Hyon yy |= ,0F [on > HCrO, | [Hcro} 7e OH] KUK,.K2 =1076* //10%(9,1.10") | =5,27.10" Trudng hop sir dung Ky = 1,010" dé tinh sé thu duge K = 4,36.10, ¢) Dénh dau vao 6 tra 1di ding =2,88.10°° (Can bing sé | Chuyén d8i qua téi_ | Chuyén ddi qua phéi _| Khong chuyén dot + a) b) + °) He + @) + i) Chuyn dei qua phai; fi) Do xay ra phan tng trung hda: OH +H” —> 1,0. i) BaCl chuyen di qua phai do fon eromat ign ket tao thinh chat cho toe Ba’ +CrO} > BaCrO, + iv) Cach giai nay c6 thé do nude la mét trong cae chat & vé phai ctia phuong trinh. Trong cde dung djch lofing voi dung méi 1a nuéc thi ndng 46 cla nude duge coi 18 khéng ddi va khi cho thém nude khong anh hudéng dén chuyén doi cén bing. Du vay, khi thém nude vao dung dich dicromat lam loang dung dich dan dén viée chuyén ddi cén bang phan li cba ion dicromat sang én phai, Trong dung dich muée cla KxCr20, trj sb pH<7 la do: trang 4/11Cr,OF + H,O > 2HCrO; HCrO, + Ht + cro} V6i sur pha long cba dung dich nude bat ky, pH sé thay déi dan dén 7 nén trong truéng hop nay c6 nghifa 1a 06 sy ting pH nén én biing chuyén déi sang bén phai. Céu TI (3,5 diém) 1. Cho phan img phén hily ozon &phakhi: 20,4530, (*) Phan tmg nay duge xem nhu tun theo co ché sau: M+0; =O, +04+mM (1) I 0+0;—2420) 2) day M la phan ti khi tro nao dé c6 kha nang trao di n’ing long véi ozon khi va cham, trong Khi bin than né khong di, Biét ring to d6 phan tmg (2) Idn hon rét nhidu so voi tbe d6 phan img thudn va téc dg phan tmg nghjch trong cfn bing (1) (m2 >> v1 va ¥2>> v1). a) Cé thé ap dung nguyén If ndng d6 én dinh di voi nguyén tir O duge khOng? Tai sao? b) Xée dinh biéu thite vin tSe phan ting (*) va biéu dién hing 96 tée dé phan ing ting quat (&) theo cae hing sé tc 6 thanh phin. 2) Dung dich X gdm FeSO, 2.10?M, MnSOq 4.10?M, HaSO, 1 M. Cho 1 mL dung djch Br, 2.107M vao 1 mL dung djch X, thu duge dung dich Y. Thém dn 2 mL dung dich AgNO; 0,2 M vo dung dich Y thu duge dung dich Z. a) Viét cdc phuong trinh phén img xay ra va mé tA cdc hign tugng kem theo. b) Tinh ndng 6 can bing cia cdc ion trong dung dich Z. Cho: Be, ape = 1085 Vi Bye yx = 0,771 Vs Fano 4° nin K,agoe = 10°, Coi HzSOq phan i hoan toan. Huéng din giai: 7 A 1, a) Vi >> v4 va v2 >> vi nén ndng 46 cla O ludn Iudn rat mhd va khong déi theo thi gian cho di cén bang (1) ¢6 chuyén dich theo chiéu thuin hay theo chiéu nghjch, vi véy cé thd ap dung nguyén li ndng a6 én dinh déi vi O. b) Bidu thite t6c d6 cho O3 va O: =1,23 V; Ha[O3][M] + fes{O2][O][M] - fa{O}[O3] [O}/dt = + ky[Os][M] - k[0][O2][M] - ke{O][O3] rl Do v>> va va v2 >> vi nén c6 thé dp dung nguyén li ndng d6 dn dinh déi véi O, nghia 1a: d[OVde = 0, tw day nhn duge biéu thiic tinh [0]: ACAI &,[0,][M]+4 [0] ‘Thé biéu thite [O] vao biéu thie d[O3V/dt, ta c6: [On] ___ 2k, [OP [ae] atk [,][24}+4, [0] Do vy>> v.1 , nghia la fe[O3] >> k[O2][M] nén: alo, M0) (0,]0q [o)= ‘Téc 49 ca phan tng (*): =4[0,}[44] Vay, k= kt 2 ) a) Khi cho dung dich Bro vao dung dich X. trang 5/11WA ‘Thanh phan ban dau cla hé : Br; 107M; Fe’* 10? ae aa 0,5M; [H"] =1M; pH=0: Brt2e <22Br ER=1,085V (1) Fe* Fe" +e B (2) Mn™ +H,O = MnO, + 4H" +2¢e Bal, @) O pH = 0 thé dign oye tigu chuan digu kign £9 = £° Do dé Br; chi oxi héa durge Fe — Fe”, Br +2Fe* <2 2Br +2Fe" (A) K, 10% ay Vi hing s6 K(,) =10' 1a khdé lon nén cé thé coi phan ting xiy ra hoan toan, Tir (A) ta thay ndng 46 Bro gidm mt nia nén mau d6 cia dung dich Bry bi nhat di, Hau hét Fe" > Fe* theo phan ting oxi héa, ‘Thanh phin gidi han: C(Br) = 5.107M; C(Br)=107M; —C(Fe*) = 102M. Khi thém dung dich AgNOs vao, thanh phan ban dau cia hé: C(Br2) =2,5.10° M; C(Br’) = 5.10? M; C(Fe™*) = 5.103 M3 C(Mn**) = 107M; HaSOz 0,25 M; pH = 0,3; C(Ag")=0,1M. Phan img tao két tha: Ag’ + Br <2 AgBr4(B) 5.10? < 5.107 ‘Trong hé hinh thanh cp ’oxi hoa khir méi ld Bro/AgBr. Té hop tir cde phan tg, Anas i +2e 2 2Be K, = 10° 1936 ite Ge) 2Ag" + 2Br <2 2AgBrd K, =10*9 =106 ( Br, +2Ag* €2ed2 2AgBr (4) -K, = 10°" RO te K, =10%* = 10? = Ee, sgn, =Ey =1,813 V OpH = 0,3 thé tiéu chudn diéu kign cia cp MnO, ,H'/Mn® : Exo, nag = 5232.0, 059pH = 1,19 (V) Trong diéu kign nay Br, oxi hoa Mn”* > MnO, Br + 2Ag’ + Mn™* + H,O @22AgBrd+Mn0,+4H* (©) 2,5.107 + 5.107 > 2,5.107 4.2,5.107 2408132128) K=10 9 219% Hang sé cn bing cita phan tmg (C) rat lén nén c6 thé coi phan ting xay ra hoan toan. Trong dung dich ngoai két tha AgBr mau vang nhgt cdn cé két tia MnO mau den. b) Nong dé cdc chat duge tinh theo phuong trinh (B) va (C) [Ag] = 0,1 - 5.10" - 5.10% = 9.10? a) [Fe’*] = 5.10 M (hu da tinh & phan a) sau khi tron v6i dung dich AgNOs). (Mn*"] = 10? - 2,5107 = 7,510" (M) [H’] =0,5 + 4.2,5.1 51 (M) [NOs] = 0,2.2.10° : (4.10%) = 0,1 (M) [SO,*] = 0,25 + 107 + 5.107 = 0,265 (M) [Bro] = 2,22.1017 (M) [Br] = 5,67.10"? (M) [Fe™] = 1,25.105 (Mf) : Ghi chat; néu hoc sinh kh6ng tinh ndng 49 cia Bra, Br va Fe** van cho du diém, Cfu IV (4,0 diém) trang 6/11JCM 1. Déi véi nguyén tir H va nhiing ion chi 6 1 eleGiron thi Jing luong ca electron duge xéc : inh theo bigu thite: B, = Hy, voi By = - 2,178.10" F va Z la s6 higu nguyén th, n 1a 96 = Ea Iugng ti chinh. Xée dinh nang lwong ion héa theo kJ/mol cia nguyén tiv H va nhting. ion mét electron sau: a) H; byHe’S Li; CH ee) Fe** Giai thich sy bién thién cla cdc gid tri ning lugng ion héa khi di tir nguyén tir H dén ion Fe". 2, Mt nguyén tt 6 trang thai co ban cé phan Iép electron ngoai cling la 2p’. CAch biéu dién nao duéi day cia hai electron nay 1a ding? m=-1 0 +1 m= -1 0 + m=-l 0 +1 m=-1 0 +1 m=-1 0 #1 oHTtl | » ALT) ,.4LM) »G01) .GLi 3, Electron cudi cing trong nguyén tb A cé céc sb lugng tir n = 2; m = 1s my = +1/2. $6 electron dc than clia nguyén t6 X 6 trang thai co ban thuée phan Idp 4d hode 5s cling bing s6 electron dc thén cita A. Cé bao nhiéu nguyén 5 X théa man dit kiga trén, 6 [a nhing nguyén ‘6 nao (06 thé sit dung bang tun hoan céc nguyén 16 héa hoe dé tra Loi)? Hl Electron ciia ion He" 6 trang thai kich thich c6 gid trj s6 long tir chin bing sé Iuong tir phy ca phan Iép chita electron dc thin cla nguyén t6 X. Nang lugng ciia electron nay 6 He” bing nang lugng cia electron 6 trang thai co ban cla nguyén tt H. Xe dinh chinh xe nguyén 6X. 4, Ion C3 tdn tai trong mot sd hgp chit, vi dy CaC>. a) Viét céu hinh electron cta phfin tir C, va ion C2 theo If thuyét MO. b) So sanh dg bén lién két, 46 dai lién két eta C, va ion CP. Giai thich. ¢) So sanh ning lugng ion héa thit nhét ([1) otia C,, C2 va nguyén tit C. Giai thich. Huéng din giai: : 1, Nang luong can thiét dé chuyén mét electron tin = 1—>n = co (Eoo = 0, duge goi la ning yong ion héa (Ky higu la. ‘Vi, E..=0 nén I chinh bing nang lugng cia electon 6 trang thai n= 1 ai (ee Be -ByBy Bye ui Fea) 2,178x10"'8)Z? = 2,178x107182? (J/ neuyén ti) (vi n= 1) Khi chuyén vé don vj kI/mol ta 06: 2,178.10"*.6,022.10%,10? = 1311,6 (ki/mol) Nhu vay, gid tj I cita cde nguyén tir 6 Ielectron duge tinh nhur sau (G trang théi co ban voi n= 1 cho tat ca cdc trong hop): 1=1311,6.2? ki/mol Tacé a) H: Z= 1 > Ty =1311,6.1? =1311,6 (kJ/mol) b) Het: Z=2—> Iyer =1311,6. 2? = 5246,4 (kI/mol) ©) Li* Z=3.=5 12s =1311,6.3? = 1,1804.104 (ki/mol) ) Of: 7265 Ise = 1311,6.6 = 4,7217.104 (kJ/mol) ©) Fe** : 7=26= Tpg2ase = 1311,6.(26)? = 8,8664.10° (kJ/mol) Theo chiéu H—He* -Li2+~C*'-Fe*5* nang lugng ion héa ting, vi Z ting va khong 6 tée dyng chin ctia cde e, nén trong tée gitta hat nhan va e ting, 2. Vi sy tich mite ning lugng p trong tir trudng: trang 7/11— m= +1 —— m0 2p m=-1 ‘Theo nguyén ly viing bén va quy tac Hund, ta chon a) 3. Electron cudi cing trong nguyén t8 A c6 céc sé Iugng tir n = 2; m = -1; m,= +1/2 phai la electron 2p, c6 nang long thap nhat (Kem phan a). Do 46 A c6 mét electron adc than, 5 nguyén té théa man diéu kign trén gdm: Rb (Z=37)[Kx]5s!; Y(Z=39)[Kr]4d' 5s, Ag (Z=47)[Kr]4d!°5s!; In (2=49)[Kr]4d"5s°5p'; 1(Z=53)[Kr]4d"“5s*5p°, Theo dé bai, nding ngng cia electron trong nguyén tik H 6 trang théi co ban bing nang hrong ctia electron trong He" 6 trang thai kich thfch, ta 06: 2 -2,178.1078 = 2,178,107 5 n=? we Theo dé bai, phan mite ciia nguyén t5 X 6 electron déc than c6 sé lugng tir phy (J) bing n = 2, nghia 1a electron dc théin ca X & phin Ip d. Trong sé 5 nguyén tir néu trén, chi o6 Yiri 1a théa man. Vy X la Y(Z=39)[Kr]4d!5s". P2222 4.a) Co :ofoy?agny: CH c30y?ngndo? b) $6 lign két Cin= S25 fin-2o35 lign két trong C3~ban hon trong Co vido a6, 46 dai lign két trong C3 ngfn hon trong Cy ¢) Nang lugng ion héa thir nhat ting theo thir ty: 1,(C2)>1)(C3-)>(C) vi ming lugng cha clectton & n2n2thép hon & 0% va8 OF thip hon 2p. Cau V (3,0 diém) 1, a) Thyte nghigm da x4c nhgn tinh din dign t6t ca bac (Ag), ddng (Cu) va vang (Au). Dua. ‘vao cu tao nguyén ti, giai thich két qua 46. b) Thue té, 06 thé diing cdc kim loai nhém IA vao viée din dign duge khong? Tai sao? 2. MOt hop kim gdm Cr, Fe, Co va Ni, Ngudi ta phan tich him Ingng cdc kim loai trong mau hgp kim theo quy trinh sau. Cén 1,40 gam hop kim, héa tan hét vio dung dich HNO dc, néng, 16i thém NaOH dur vio thu duge dung dich A va két tia B. Loc tach két ta, 181 thém dung dich H,0; du vao dung dich nude loc, c6 can, Lay chat rin thu duge hda tan hoan ton trong dung dich H2SO, loaing, Thém mgt long dur KI vao dung dich vita thu duge. Sau khi phan img xay ra hoan toan, chudn 49 lugng b; sinh ra bing dung dich NaS30; 0,2 M thdy tén hét 30,0 mL. Két tia B duge khudy déu trong dung dich NH3 du tdi phan tmg hoan toa, thu duge két tie C va dung dich D, Nung két tia C trong kh6ng khi 6 400°C dén khdi luong kh6ng di thi thu duge 0,96 g chat rin KE. Thém lugng du KOH va KyS20z vao dung dich D, dun néng t6i phan img hoan toan thi thu duge mgt oxit mau den F cé khéi lugng 0,81 gam va dung dich G. Hoa tan hét 0,81 gam chat F trong dung dich HNOs, thu duoc dung dich H{ va 100,8 mL khi khong mau I (digu kign tiéu chuan). : Viét cde phuong trinh phan img xay ra va xdc dinh % vé khdi hrgng cdc nguyén t6 trong mau hop kim trén, Bong din gi 1. Ba nguyén t6 Ag, Cu, Au & nh6m IB trong bang tun hoan, tiép xtic véi khong khi 6 digu kign thudng déu tro, vin tén tai & dang nguyén chét. Céu hinh electron ctia méi nguyén té nur sau: Ag (Z=47)[Kr]4d"°5s!; Cu (Z=29)[Ar]3d!°4s!; Au (Z=79)[Xe]5d!6s'; trang 8/11Nguyén tir cia méi nguyén t6 déu cé 1 electron v6 héa tri ns! d& dang mét khi c6 didu kin thich hyp tgo ra ion 06 phan 16p bao hoa nd" bén viing (trix Cu 06 thd & Cu’: 34” hoe Cu *: 34) nén. ching den o6 tinh dn dién t6t nhur thy nghiém xée nhén, Kim loai nhém IA gém Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs (tri: Fr ld nguyén 16 phéng xa). Céu hinh electron vo héa tr] nguyén tt méi nguyén t6 cing Ja ns! nhu ohm IB néu trén, khéng nhtng thé, ning lugng ion héa cla c4e nguyén t6 nhém IA cén th4p hon nhiéu so véi nhém IB nén thuc té ching tie dung ngay véi O» cla khong khi va cé voi nude & digu kién thudng. 2M +2H,0 > 2M* +20H + Hp Nghia 1a cdc kim Jogi nhém IA khéng thé tén tai é dang nguyén chét & didu kién thong nén kh6ng thé ding vao muc dich dain dign duoc. 2, Héa tan hop kim Cr, Fe, Co, Ni trong HNOs: Cr + 6HNO3—Cr(NO3); + 3NO2 + 3H20. Fe + 6HNO3~ Fe(NO3); + 3NO, +3H,0 Co + 4HNO;~ Co(NOs), + 2NO2 +2H20 Ni + 4HINO3;~ Ni(NO3), +2NOz +2420. ‘Thém NaOH du; Cr(NO3)3_ + 6NaOH ~Nas[Cr(OH)6] + 3NaNO3 Fe(NOs); +3NaOH ~ Fe(OH) + 3NaNO3 Co(NO3)2_ +2NaOH -Co(OH), + + 2NaNO; Ni(NO3),_ + 2NaOH ~ Ni(OH), 1 + 2NaNO3 ‘Oxi héa dung dich nude loc bing H202: _ 2Nas[Cr(OH)g]_ + 3Hz02-+ 2NazCrO, +-2NaOH + 8H,0 Hea tan chat rin thu duge trong H,SO¢ loding réi.chudn € Lot: 2NazCrOy + Hy$O4~ NagCr207 + NagSO4 + H20 NagCr,07 + 6KI + TH2SO4— Cro(SO4)3 + 3p + NaySO, + 3K2S0, + THO. : 2NayS203 + p= NagSsOg + 2Nal 86 mol Cr= 1/3 sé mol NazS203 = 0,2. 30 . 107 /3 = 0,002 mol, khéi hugng Cr: 0,002.52 = 0,104 gam Hoa tan két tia B: Co(OH)2 + 6NH3 > [Co(NH3)s](OH)2 : Ni(OH), + 6NH3 ~ [Ni(NHs)6](OH)2 Vay két ta C la Fe(OH) : 2Fe(OH); “> Fe,03 + 3H,0 chat rin sau khi nung la Fe,Os nang 0,96 gam = 0,006 mol, vay kh6i lugng Fe = 0,672 gam Oxi héa dung dich D _._ 2[Co(NH3)(OH)2_+ KyS203 + 2KOH > 2[Co(NHHh)6](OH); + 22804 Két tia mau den F la hop chat Ni c6 s6 oxi héa cao (II hoc IV), do né 14 sn phaim tao thinh Ahi dun [Ni(NHs)6](OH)2 v6i K2S20s. Cac hop cht nay déu cé tinh oxi héa rét manh, khi tan trong dung dich HNO sé déng vai trd 1a chat oxi héa, né sé oxi héa nuée (chat khi duy nit 06 trong hg) va bj khut vé Ni(ID). Do d6, khi khong mau I sé la O2, Xée dinh s6 oxi héa ciia Ni trong hop chat F: Goi sé oxi héa ola Ni trong F 1a n, va s6 mol chat F (gid sit don nhén) 1a x thi s6 mol O2 = (n-2).x/4 = 0,0045 mol, hay x = 0,018/(n-2). Do d6 Phan tir Itong chét F = 0,81(n-2)/0,018 = 45.(n-2). Véi n= 3, Mp =45 CsHy10sCOO" + 2Fe(CN)" + 2HLO (1) 2Fe(CN)<> + 31 > 2Fe(CN)“ + I Q I 428,03" > 3F + SO" @) b) Do pH olla mau Ia 7,4 nén Fe** sé két tha 6 dang Fe(OH); va khéng o6 kha ning oxi héa glucozo. 7 ¢) Tinh hing sé cfn bang cha phan tg (2): Fe(CN), RON] Fe” + 6CN” @ Fe(CN); Peer Tfon f [ (CN); SFr Tor} ; re] F Brana “Ep gt + 0089218 Bs eaceet| +0,0592ig B2-+0,0592 2 Fe* + 6CN” @2Fe(CN); 0 SED ye et Fe” Fe(CN)f [econ | = EO, 2, +0,05921g, et Re? Fe(CN. 7 osoaig! Eh pepe 807M +0 088215 90,387. Déi voi phan tng (2): n= 2, K = 10%" 95% 24 Q0as7-o.s885v6.082 _ 1 9-60 933x107, trang 10/11wo Vai trd cla ZnCl: Zn’* tgo két tia voi Fe(CN)¢* [im cho phan img (2) xay ra hoan toan theo chiéu thug, 2K* + Zn” + Fe(CN); > K,zn[ Fe(CN), | d/ Tinh ndng 46 cita glucozo: Ta cd: n, 55 =3,28%10" x4,00=13,13 mmol, 2 gee 7 5:00810°4,012 = 20,0610" mmol. = x18:1241076,56810° mmol 6 mol Fe(CN)<> du sau phan éng (1) 1a 2.6,56.107 mmol = 13,12 mmol. Th op =413,12810°=6,56«10° mmol () > yy =F (20,06410°-13 19109) = 3,47*10"mmol. -3:47*10°mmol* 180 (mg.mmol") =3,123me/ml, oo 0,2 trang 11/11