REGULAR VERBS

PRESENT PERFECT

Subject + auxiliar + P.P verb + complement

HAVE/HAS

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS

Subject + auxiliar + P.P verb +main + complement

HAVE/HAS “TO BE” verb
“ING”

PAST PERFECT

Subject + auxiliar + P.P verb + complement

HAD

PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS

Subject + auxiliar + P.P verb +main + complement

HAD “TO BE” verb
“ING”
 MODAL AUXILIAR

SHOULD / OUGHT TO “DEBERÍAS”

Affirmative form

Subject + SHOULD + verb + complement

OUGHT TO

Negative form

Subject + SHOULD + NOT TO + verb + complement

OUGHT

Interrogative form

Q.W. + SHOULD + Subject + verb + complement

OUGHT TO

SHOULD / OUGHT TO “PAST TIME”

Affirmative form

Subject + SHOULD + aux + p.p. verb + complement

OUGHT TO “HAVE”
 MUST “DEBES”
OBLIGACIÓN

Affirmative form

Subject + SHOULD + aux + p.p. verb + complement

OUGHT TO “HAVE”

HAVE/HAS TO “TENER QUE”

OBLIGACIÓN
Affirmative form

Subject + HAVE TO + verb + complement

WOULD “RÍA”

Affirmative form

Subject + WOULD + verb + complement

Interrogative form

Q.W + WOULD + Subject + verb + complement

 DEGREE OF THE ADJECTIVES

COMPARATIVE

Noun + verb + AS … ADJECTIVE … AS + Noun

ADVERB

Negative form
Noun + verb + AS/SO … ADJECTIVE … AS + Noun
ADVERB

Noun + verb + SHORT…..… + er + than + Noun

ADJECTIVE

Noun + verb + MORE LARGE + than + Noun

ADJECTIVE
SUPERLATIVE DEGREE

Subject + verb + THE + SHORT + EST + Group

ADJECTIVE

Subject + verb + THE MOST + LARGE + Group

ADJECTIVE

PRESENT PERFECT
Already (YA) Affirmative Interrogative
Yet (TODAVÍA) Negative Interrogative
Ever (ALGUNA VEZ) Interrogative

Since (DESDE)
For (PARA)

USED TO

Subject + USED TO + verb + complement

 GOOD AND WELL

GOOD is an adjective and must modify a noun:

- Helen is a good Doctor

WELL is usually used as an adverb:

- My father drives well

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

WHO- quién, quienes, el cual, la cual, los cuales, las

cuales (personas, animales personificados)
WHOM- quién, quienes (personas)
WHICH- el cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales
(animales o cosas)
WHOSE- de quién, de quienes, cuyo, cuya (personas,
posesión)
WHERE- dónde (lugar)
WHEN- cuándo (tiempo)
THAT- qué (cosas)
 ACTIVE VOICE

Subject + verb + complement

PASIVE VOICE

Auxiliar + P.P verb + complement

“To be”

DIRECT AND INDIRECT OBJECT

1st step.- Identify the verb

2nd step.- Identify the direct object “TO WHAT”
3rd step.- Identify the indirect object “TO/FOR WHOM”

Pronoun object indirect: me, you, him, her, it, you,

us, them

INTRANSITIVE VERBS
No tiene objeto directo, ni indirecto.
 QUESTION TAG, TAG ENDING

+ ______________, aux. neg. ?

-_______________, aux affir. ?

1.- I am…………, aren´t I?

2.- Imperative Aff. Stop talking, won´t you?

Neg. Don´t sit here, will you?

Lest´s sit here, will/ shall we? Siempre we “let us”

3.-There is/are…. Isn´t there? …. Is there?

4.- Demostrative pronoun THIS- IT THESE-THEY

5.-Indefinite pronouns
+ somebody/someone/everybody…, neg. THEY?
- nobody……………………………… affir.

6.-Indefinite pronoun
+ Everything/something …..,neg. IT?
- anything, nothing…………., affir.

7.- Have…., don´t…?

Have got, have gotten…. Haven´t…?