Discrete Structures Husnain Haider

Deadline: Friday, 04 Feb 2022

Assignment # 04

Problem 1
Write NEGATION of the following statements (Careful, NEGATION is not the same as INVERSE)
a) If P is a square, then P is a rectangle.
b) If n is prime, then n is odd or n is 2.
c) If Aangloo is Meena's father, then Baangloo is her uncle and Bingli is her Aunt.
d) A positive integer is prime only if it has no divisors other than 1 and itself.
e) Being divisible by 3 is a necessary condition for this number to be divisible by 9.
Problem 2
Part 1: Write CONVERSE of the following statements.
a) If P is a square, then P is a rectangle.
b) If n is prime, then n is odd or n is 2.
c) If Aangloo is Meena's father, then Baangloo is her uncle and Bingli is her Aunt.
d) A positive integer is prime only if it has no divisors other than 1 and itself.
e) Being divisible by 3 is a necessary condition for this number to be divisible by 9.

Part 2: Write CONTRPOSITIVE of the following statements.

a) If P is a square, then P is a rectangle.

b) If n is prime, then n is odd or n is 2.
c) If Aangloo is Meena's father, then Baangloo is her uncle and Bingli is her Aunt.
d) A positive integer is prime only if it has no divisors other than 1 and itself.
e) Being divisible by 3 is a necessary condition for this number to be divisible by 9.
Part 3: Construct a truth table for each of these compound propositions.

Problem 3

Problem 4
The police have three suspects for the murder of Janab Chaudary AllahDitta (Ch AD): Mr Chaloosak, Mr Maloosak and Mr
Kabacha.
Chaloosak, Maloosak and Kabacha each declare that they did not kill Ch AD.
Chaloosak also states that Ch AD was a friend of Maloosak and that Kabacha disliked him.
Maloosak also states that he did not know Ch AD and that he was out of town the day Ch AD was killed.
Kabacha also states that he saw both Chaloosak and Maloosak with Ch AD the day of the killing and that either
Chaloosak or Maloosak must have killed him.
Can you determine who the murderer was if we know that:

a) One of the three men was guilty, the two innocent men are telling the truth, but the statement of guilty man may or may
not be true?

b) Innocent men do not lie?

 Hint: Translate the statements into logical expressions and reasoning from these expressions using the truth tables.

Problem 5 - (Puzzle of Knights and Knaves)

In an island, there live two types of people: KNIGHTS, who always tell the truth, and KNAVES, who always lie.
You visit the island and meet a group of six natives, who speak to you as follows:
U says: None of us is a knight.
V says: At least three of us are knights.
W says: At most three of us are knights.
X says: Exactly five of us are knights.
Y says: Exactly two of us are knights.
Z says: Exactly one of us is a knight.
Which are knights and which are knave?

Problem 6

Part 1: Express the following statements using quantifiers, variables, and the predicates, with following information:
𝐷 is set of all students
𝑀(𝑠): 𝑠 is a math major student
𝐶(𝑠): 𝑠 is a computer science major student
𝐸(𝑠): 𝑠 is an engineering major student
a) There is an engineering student who is a math major.
b) Every computer science student is an engineering student.
c) No computer science students are engineering student.
d) Some computer science students are also math majors.
e) Some computer science students are engineering students and some are not.
Part 2: Translate each of these nested quantifications into an English statement that expresses a mathematical fact. The domain
in each case consists of all real numbers.
a) ∃𝑥 ∀𝑦 (𝑥𝑦 = 𝑦)
b) ∀𝑥 ∀𝑦 ( ( (𝑥 < 0) ∧ (𝑦 < 0) ) → (𝑥𝑦 > 0) )
c) ∃𝑥 ∃𝑦 ( (𝑥2 > 𝑦) ∧ (𝑥 < 𝑦) )
d) ∀𝑥 ∀𝑦 ∃𝑧 (𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑧)

Part 3: Rewrite each of these statements so that negations appear only within predicates (that is, so that no negation is outside a
quantifier or an expression involving logical connectives).
a) ￢∃𝑦 ∃𝑥 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦)
b) ￢∀𝑥 ∃𝑦 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦)
c) ￢∃𝑦 ( 𝑄(𝑦) ∧ ∀𝑥￢𝑅(𝑥, 𝑦) )
d) ￢∃𝑦 ( ∃𝑥 𝑅(𝑥, 𝑦) ∨ ∀𝑥 𝑆(𝑥, 𝑦) )
e) ￢∃𝑦 (∀𝑥 ∃𝑧 𝑇 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) ∨ ∃𝑥 ∀𝑧 𝑈(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) )