Food, Nutrition and Hygiene

Z010101T (PP)
Assignment IA2
Name:- Prince yadav
Admission No:- 21SBAS1010033
Email Id:- Princeraj3801@gmail.com

Question 1: - Role of Mobile on Human Health.

The smart phone or the mobile phone might be affecting one’s thought process, behavior
and attitudes in a more negative and faster way It does that so finely and secretly that it
becomes difficult to identify and cope up with. It is not an exaggeration to say that smart
phones have the power to influence most important decision making processes and
choices. It changes personality, it changes the behavior of a person. Smart Phone addiction
is a well-recognized condition, known to cause trauma and high level anxiety pains.
Addiction to remain online, compulsion to be active on social sites leads to low
productivity and impacts the emotional health of the person. Constantly looking for
something interesting on web, social sites and games inhibits ones emotional ability to
focus on one topic for long. It has been already proved that long hours of gaming makes
anyone impatient, addicted and unproductive. Long time effects may be worse, permanent
and affecting the more subconscious layer of behavior. So the suggestion is to keep phone
away for a while and enjoy all the other good things life has to offer.
Effect of mobile phone on human health
1. .A study by the National Institutes of Health in the US suggests that mobile phones
could have an effect on the brain. They reported higher sugar use in the brain, a
 sign of increased activity, after 50 minutes on the phone. 2. People who talk on the
phone for several hours a day are 50% more likely to develop brain cancer. The
reason for this is the radio waves produced by mobile phones. It is calculated, that
every minute the human brain receives about 220 electromagnetic impulses, which
are not necessarily harmful, but which definitely affect the brain incases of
prolonged impact. Recent studies report two types of brain cancer may occur –
gliom and acoustic neuroma. Apart from cancer risk, mobile phones influence our
nervous system. 3. The cellphone directly evokes feelings of connectivity to others,
thereby fulfilling the basic human need to belong." This results in reducing one's
desire to connect with others or to engage in empathic and prosocial behavior. 4.
Young people who are hooked on their smartphones may be at an increased risk for
depression and loneliness, 5. If you're never without your smartphone, you may be
missing out on a more peaceful, fulfilling life. “Both the content on your phone and
the act of checking it frequently can trigger a stress response, which releases
cortisol into the body,” 6. Adolescents use cell phones at night, which leads to
insomnia. And insomnia ultimately results in depression, anxiety, and depression.

2. Question 2: - Nutrition and COVID -19

Nutrition can be defined as science that deals with those processes by which body
utilizes food for growth and maintenance of our body. And basically Covid-19 is
coronaviruses which is called SARS-CoV-2, which was identified in Wuhan, China
in December 2019. This Covid-19 virus can cause respiratory and less frequently,
gastrointestinal disease. The symptoms can range from common cold like or mild
influenza symptoms to severe pneumonia. However, SARS-CoV-2 is new to
human immune system and so there was no underlying existing natural immunity
against it before they invented the vaccine.
It is mandatory to attain and maintain good nutritional status to fight against this
virus. Nutritional status of individual is affected by several factors such as age,
health, sex, status and our life styles. Optimal nutrition and dietary nutrient intake
 impact the immune system, therefore the only sustainable way to survive in current
context is to strengthen the immune system. An adequate intake of zinc, iron, and
vitamins A, B, 12, C and E is essential for the maintenance of immune function.
So maintaining a balanced diet will guarantee us a strong immune system that can
help withstand any assault by the virus. It is necessary to be aware of the specific
types of food that can improve our immune system in order to combat this Covid-
19;by taking fruits in our daily life, eat fresh vegetables and do not overcooked
them. Individuals consuming well-balanced diets appear to be safer with better
immune systems and lower incidence of chronic diseases and infections
Question 3:- Hygiene
Hygiene is a series of practices performed to preserve health. According to the  World
Health Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to
maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases. Personal hygiene refers to maintaining
the body's cleanliness. Hygiene activities can be grouped into the following: home and
everyday hygiene, personal hygiene, medical hygiene, sleep hygiene and food hygiene.
Home and every day hygiene includes hand washing, respiratory hygiene, food hygiene at
home, hygiene in the kitchen, hygiene in the bathroom, laundry hygiene and medical
hygiene at home.
Many people equate hygiene with 'cleanliness,' but hygiene is a broad term. It includes
such personal habit choices as how frequently to take a shower or bath, wash
hands ,trim fingernails, and wash clothes. It also includes attention to keeping surfaces in
the home and workplace clean, including bathroom facilities. Some regular hygiene
practices may be considered good habits by the society, while the neglect of hygiene can
be considered disgusting, disrespectful, or threatening.
Good hygiene is critical for preventing the spread of infectious diseases and helping
children lead long, healthy lives. It also prevents them from missing school, resulting in
better learning outcomes.
For families, good hygiene means avoiding illness and spending less on health care. In
some contexts, it can also secure a family’s social status and help individuals maintain
self-confidence.
Yet, important hygiene behaviours are difficult to practice without the right knowledge
and skills, adequate community support and the belief that one’s own behaviour can
actually make a difference.
Many children around the world live in conditions that make it difficult to maintain good
hygiene. Where homes, schools and health centres have dirt floors; where water for
handwashing is unavailable; and even where families share spaces with domestic animals;
maintaining hygiene can be a challenge. What’s more, practicing good hygiene is often
perceived as a woman’s responsibility, adding to her burden of care.

Question 4: - Precision Medicine

According to the Precision Medicine Initiative, precision medicine is "an emerging
approach for disease treatment and prevention that takes into account individual
variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle for each person." This approach will allow
doctors and researchers to predict more accurately which treatment and prevention
strategies for a particular disease will work in which groups of people. It is in contrast to a
one-size-fits-all approach, in which disease treatment and prevention strategies are
developed for the average person, with less consideration for the differences between
individuals.

Although the term "precision medicine" is relatively new, the concept has been a part of
healthcare for many years. For example, a person who needs a blood transfusion is not
given blood from a randomly selected donor; instead, the donor’s blood type is matched to
the recipient to reduce the risk of complications. Although examples can be found in
several areas of medicine, the role of precision medicine in day-to-day healthcare is
relatively limited. Researchers hope that this approach will expand to many areas of health
and healthcare in coming years.

Question 5:- Nutrition, Gut microbiota and Stroke

We all know that when we said nutrition, It simply means the scientific study of food and
its relation to our health. Gut microbiota are the microorganisms including bacteria,
archaea and microscopic eukaryotes that live in the digestive tracts of humans and other
animals. Whereas Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease that occurs when a blockage or
bleed of the blood vessels either interrupts or reduces the supply of blood to the brain.
When this happens the brain does not receive enough oxygen or nutrients, and brain cells
start to die. So in this page we are going to discuss how these three are related to others.

The human microbiota is made up of trillions of cells, including bacteria, viruses, and
fungi. The biggest populations of microbes reside in the gut. Other popular habitats
include the skin and genitals. The microorganisms living inside the gastrointestinal tract
amount to around 4 pounds of biomass. Every individual has a unique mix of species. The
microbiota is important for nutrition, immunity, and effects on the brain and behaviour. It
is implicated in a number of diseases that cause of disturbance in the normal balance of
microbes

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) a metabolite of gut microbiota, is one of the most well
studied links between gut microbiota and stroke risk. Initial animal studies suggested a
role for the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in patients with diet rich
in contributory major dietary sources include eggs, pork, and beef. It was found that the
production of TMAOI from dietary phosphatidycholine is dependent on metabolism by
sssssssssssof major adverse cardiovascular events. Beyond TMAO, other cross sectional
studies have demonstrated a different profile of gut microbiota in patients stratified
according to stroke risk.

Nutrition plays an important role in reducing the cause of stroke. Here we will talk about
one of the stroke disease, i.e. ischemic stroke which is a result of blockage in blood vessel.
Currently stroke typically affects older individuals and the global population is aging.
Nutrition is a modifiable risk factor for diseases of aging. For example, B- vitamin plays a
major role in reducing levels of homocysteine, a non- protein amino acid. High levels of
homocysteine have been associated with increased risk to develop cardiovascular diseases,
such as stroke. So supplementation with B- vitamins has been reported to have positive
effects on brain health.
Last date of Submission 24.12.2021 Friday

(In Soft copy)