TAGUM CITY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION INC.

Elpidio M. Gazmen Compound, Gazmen Road, 8100 Tagum City

Sec. Reg. No. 200630691/Tel. No. 216-6824
E-mail Address: tcit2007@yahoo.com

LEARNING MODULES
IN
TLE 221-
TEACHING ICT AS AN
EXPLORATORY COURSE
(Week 2)

Year Level: 2nd Year

Semester: First Semester

Instructor: CHERRY MAE S. TERO

Facebook Account:cheweet_91@yahoo.com
Gmail Account:cheweet91@gmail.com

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

This course provides a practical orientation on students, it is intended to develop the ICT abilities of students to high
enough level to meet the new socio-economic of the society, including the need to keep pace with the World’s
ongoing rapid advancement. Our future students need to be confident, creative ethical and effective users of new
technologies, practically ICT. They need to possess the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to apply them
effectively, to cope with change, and be aware of the impact of these technologies on society.

Course Credits: 3 hours

Prerequisites: NONE

TLE221-TEACHING ICT AS AN EXPLANATORY COURSE 1

 TAGUM CITY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION INC.
Elpidio M. Gazmen Compound, Gazmen Road, 8100 Tagum City
Sec. Reg. No. 200630691/Tel. No. 216-6824
E-mail Address: tcit2007@yahoo.com

COURSE CONTENT: BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS

Learning Outcome: This unit of course is designed to able to have knowledge of the basic
computers concepts and how it works.

DEFINITION OF COMPUTER

A computer is a machine or device that performs processes, calculations and operations based on instructions
provided by a software or hardware program. It has the ability to accept data (input), process it, and then produce
outputs.

Computers can also store data for later uses in appropriate storage devices, and retrieve whenever it is necessary.

Modern computers are electronic devices used for a variety of purposes ranging from browsing the web, writing
documents, editing videos, creating applications, playing video games, etc.

They are designed to execute applications and provide a variety of solutions by combining integrated hardware and
software components.

TWO ELEMENTS OF COMPUTER

1. HARDWARE

Physical structure that houses a computer's processor, memory, storage, communication ports and
peripheral devices. Each of these components (called devices) have a different purpose, which may be
either accepting inputs, storing data or sending outputs.

For example, a mouse and a microphone are input devices used to record user activities and transform them
into data that is transmitted to the system unit. A hard disk is a storage unit where data is stored and
accessed by other devices.

A monitor or a speaker are output devices that transform processed data into (respectively) video and audio
signals.

2. SOFTWARE

All parts of a computer that are not strictly physical, such as data, programs, applications, protocols, etc., are
broadly defined as “software.” Although software has no material form, it is no less critical to receive
information, encode, store and process it.

Computer software includes all executable and non-executable data, such as documents, digital media,
libraries, and online information. A computer’s operating system (OS) and all its applications are software as
well.

A computer works with software programs that are sent to its underlying hardware architecture for reading,
interpretation and execution.

TLE221-TEACHING ICT AS AN EXPLANATORY COURSE 2

 TAGUM CITY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION INC.
Elpidio M. Gazmen Compound, Gazmen Road, 8100 Tagum City
Sec. Reg. No. 200630691/Tel. No. 216-6824
E-mail Address: tcit2007@yahoo.com

PARTS OF COMPUTER AND IT’S ACCESSORIES

Input Devices - An input device is any hardware component that allows you the user to enter data into the computer.
There are many input devices. Six of the most widely used input devices are:

1. A keyboard -- You use the keyboard to type letters,

numbers, and symbols into the computer.

2. A Mouse --The mouse is a pointing device that has a pointer

that changes into different shapes as you use the mouse.
You click the mouse by pressing and releasing the button.
This action allows you to enter data when using a mouse.

3. A Scanner -- This input device copies from paper into your computer.

4 . A Microphone -- The microphone is usually used for voice input into the computer.

5. A Digital Camera -- The digital camera allows you to take pictures that you can input into your computer.

TLE221-TEACHING ICT AS AN EXPLANATORY COURSE 3

 TAGUM CITY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION INC.
Elpidio M. Gazmen Compound, Gazmen Road, 8100 Tagum City
Sec. Reg. No. 200630691/Tel. No. 216-6824
E-mail Address: tcit2007@yahoo.com

6. A PC Video Camera -- The PC video camera allows you take both video
and still images that you can input onto your computer.

Output Devices an output device is any hardware component that gives information to the user.
Three commonly used output devices are as follow:

1. A Monitor -- This output device displays your information on a screen,

2. A Printer -- This output device prints information on paper.

This type of printed output is called a hard copy

3.A Speaker -- Sound is the type of output you will get from a speaker.

TLE221-TEACHING ICT AS AN EXPLANATORY COURSE 4

 TAGUM CITY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION INC.
Elpidio M. Gazmen Compound, Gazmen Road, 8100 Tagum City
Sec. Reg. No. 200630691/Tel. No. 216-6824
E-mail Address: tcit2007@yahoo.com

And the main source of the information’s comes from the SYSTEM UNIT.

The system unit, like the one above is the case that contains all the electronic components of any computer system.

The electronic components are considered internal hardware seeing that they are inside the system unit and you
cannot see when you look at the computer. These components inside the system unit are what process the data and
really makes the computer work. Internal components are as follow:

Power Supply: The power supply converts electricity into the current works for the computer. When the computer is
turned on the power supply allows converted electricity to travel to other components inside the computer.

Motherboard: The motherboard is the circuit board that holds the main internal components of the computer
together. On the motherboard there are three major cards; sound card that operates the sound, the video card that
handles the graphics that you see on the monitor and the modem card which allows computers to communicate with
each other. Also, on the motherboard is the Central Processing Unit (CPU), processor or brain of the computer. The
CPU controls information and tells the other components inside the computer what to do.

Hard drive: A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive, or fixed disk is an electro-mechanical data storage device
that uses magnetic storage to store and retrieve digital data using one or more rigid rapidly rotating platters coated
with magnetic material.

TLE221-TEACHING ICT AS AN EXPLANATORY COURSE 5

 TAGUM CITY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION INC.
Elpidio M. Gazmen Compound, Gazmen Road, 8100 Tagum City
Sec. Reg. No. 200630691/Tel. No. 216-6824
E-mail Address: tcit2007@yahoo.com
RAM & ROM: RAM stands for random access memory. This memory holds the information you are working with while the
computer is turned on. Once you turn the computer off all the information that was in RAM will be gone. ROM stands for read
only memory. This memory holds information that you can only read, but not erase. Information in ROM is built in and is always
there even when the computer is turned off.

Disk Drives: The disk drive is the device that reads information that is on disk. Generally speaking, most computers
have three disk drives; hard disk drive, floppy disk drive and CD-ROM drive. However, there computers that have
DVD-Rom drive. While the hard disk is hidden inside the computer the floppy and CD-ROM drives are accessible
from the front of the system unit.

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS

Computer scan is broadly classified by their speed and computing power.

No. Type Specifications

1 PC (Personal It is a single user computer system having a moderately

Computer) or powerful microprocessor. It is termed as a computer that is
Micro-Computers equipped microprocessor as its CPU.

2 Workstation It is also a single user computer system, similar to the personal

computer, however, has a more powerful microprocessor.

3 Mini-Computer It is a multi-user computer system, capable of supporting

hundreds of users simultaneously.

4 Main Frame It is a multi-user computer system, capable of supporting

hundreds of users simultaneously. Software technology is
different from minicomputer.

5 Super-Computer It is an extremely fast computer, which can execute hundreds of

millions of instructions per second.

TLE221-TEACHING ICT AS AN EXPLANATORY COURSE 6

 TAGUM CITY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION INC.
Elpidio M. Gazmen Compound, Gazmen Road, 8100 Tagum City
Sec. Reg. No. 200630691/Tel. No. 216-6824
E-mail Address: tcit2007@yahoo.com

PC (Personal Computer)

A PC can be defined as a small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for an individual user. PCs are based on
the microprocessor technology that enables manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one chip. Businesses use
personal computers for word processing, accounting, desktop publishing, and for running spreadsheet and database
management applications. At home, the most popular use for personal computers is playing games and surfing the
Internet.
Although personal computers are designed as single-user systems, these systems are normally linked together to
form a network. In terms of power, nowadays high-end models of the Macintosh and PC offer the same computing
power and graphics capability as low-end workstations by Sun Microsystems, Hewlett-Packard, and Dell.
Workstation

The workstation is a computer used for engineering applications (CAD/CAM), desktop publishing, software
development, and other such types of applications which require a moderate amount of computing power and
relatively high-quality graphics capabilities.
Workstations generally come with a large, high-resolution graphics screen, a large amount of RAM, inbuilt network
support, and a graphical user interface. Most workstations also have mass storage device such as a disk drive, but a
special type of workstation, called diskless workstations, comes without a disk drive.
Common operating systems for workstations are UNIX and Windows NT. Like PC, workstations are also single-user
computers like PC but are typically linked together to form a local area network, although they can also be used as
stand-alone systems.

TLE221-TEACHING ICT AS AN EXPLANATORY COURSE 7

 TAGUM CITY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION INC.
Elpidio M. Gazmen Compound, Gazmen Road, 8100 Tagum City
Sec. Reg. No. 200630691/Tel. No. 216-6824
E-mail Address: tcit2007@yahoo.com
Minicomputer
It is a midsize multi-processing system capable of supporting up to 250 users simultaneously.

Mainframe
The mainframe is very large in size and is an expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds or even
thousands of users simultaneously. Mainframe executes many programs concurrently and supports much
simultaneous execution of programs.

Supercomputer
Supercomputers are one of the fastest computers currently available. Supercomputers are very expensive and are
employed for specialized applications that require an immense amount of mathematical calculations (number-
crunching).

For example, weather forecasting, scientific simulations, (animated)graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear
energy research, electronic design, and analysis of geological data (e.g. in petrochemical prospecting).

TLE221-TEACHING ICT AS AN EXPLANATORY COURSE 8

 TAGUM CITY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION INC.
Elpidio M. Gazmen Compound, Gazmen Road, 8100 Tagum City
Sec. Reg. No. 200630691/Tel. No. 216-6824
E-mail Address: tcit2007@yahoo.com

Test I. Multiple Choice Test

Direction: Choose the correct answer among the given choices and write in the space provided before the
number.

1. It used to point at objects on the computer monitor and select them.

a. System Unit
b. Monitor
c. Keyboard
d. Mouse

2. A device used to save data and files.

a. Disk drive
b. Monitor
c. System unit
d. AVR

3. It call programs are the instructions that tell the computer what to do and how to do it..

a. Hardware
b. Software
c. Application
d. None of the above

4. The primary input device used to communicate with the computer

a. Keyboard
b. Monitor
c. System Unit
d. AVR

5. It converts electricity into the current works for the computer

a. Powersupply
b. Motherboard
c. System Unit
d. Keyboard

6. It contains the main components including the processor, memory and graphics card.
a. System Unit
b. Monitor
c. Keyboard
d. Mouse

7. This memory holds the information you are working with while the computer is turned on.
a. RAM
b. ROM
c. DVDROM
d. CDROM

TLE221-TEACHING ICT AS AN EXPLANATORY COURSE 9

 TAGUM CITY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION INC.
Elpidio M. Gazmen Compound, Gazmen Road, 8100 Tagum City
Sec. Reg. No. 200630691/Tel. No. 216-6824
E-mail Address: tcit2007@yahoo.com
8. Produces sounds or audio in the computer system
a. Scanner
b. Camera
c. Speaker
d. Printer

9. The case that contains all the electronic components of any computer system.

a. Monitor
b. Computer System
c. System Unit
d. AVR

10. This usually used for voice input into the computer
a. Speaker
b. PC Camera
c. Digital Camera
d. Microphone

Test II. Enumeration

Direction. Enumerate the following and write the answer on the space provided

1-5 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6-7 ELEMENTS OF COMPUTER

6.
7.

8-15 PARTS OF COMPUTER

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

REFERENCE:
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/classification-of-computers
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4607/computer
https://www.toppr.com/guides/accountancy/application-of-computers-in-accounting/meaning-and-elements-of-
computer-system/

TLE221-TEACHING ICT AS AN EXPLANATORY COURSE 10