DEBREMARKOS UNIVERSTY BURIE CAMPUS

DEPARTEMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

HUMAN COMPUTER INERACTION

GROUP ASSIGNMENT

Submitted to Instructor Date of submission

Slesh(MSc) 13/11/ 2013 E.C
NO NAME ID

1 BISET WALLE TER/203/11

2 ALEMAYEHU SEWAGEGN TER/190/11

3 BIRHANU WONDAY TER/201/11

4 GETAHUN MULU TER/218/11

5 ELISABIETH TILAHUN TER/210/11

6 ADDISU KEBEDE TER/186/11

1. Explain what skills are involved in human computer interaction?
Human-Computer Interaction is an interdisciplinary field of study interested in design,
evaluation and implementation of interactive technology. Since Human-Computer Interaction
studies the interaction between human and computer, it is associated with the study fields such
as human behavior, psychology, cognitive science, computer science and software engineering
as well as ergonomics, graphic and industrial design, sociology, anthropology and educational
sciences Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) has four main components: the user, task, tools /
interface, the context. HCI studies requires the evaluation of obtained observations while the
user performs certain tasks and habits of the user together. These data are used in the
development process of interactive systems.

2. What is the main concern of human computer interaction (HCI)

discipline?
•Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is the study of how people interact with computers and to
what extent computers are or are not developed for successful interaction with human beings.
HCI concerns the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive usable user interfaces.

3. why human computer interaction is important in software design?

Today, software industry has a rapid growth. In order to resist the competition increased by this
growth, software projects ne0ed to be developed with higher quality and especially user
friendly. Therefore, the importance of human-computer interaction emerges clearly. In design
and development phases of software projects, the properties of human –which is an important
agent for interaction- such as behavioral, cognitive, perceptive, efficiency and physical factors
have to be considered. This study aims to express the importance of developing soft wares by
taking into consideration the humancomputer interaction applications. In this context, firstly a
wide literature review is made to examine software development process and human-computer
interaction in detail, the results obtained by using design methods in this process are explicated
and the importance of said interaction is openly expressed with the exemplary applications in
the literature. According to the results of the research, especially in software life cycle, it is
observed that rules of interaction must be implemented before software development, however,
these methods are usually included in software life cycle in the latter stages of software
development process. This situation causes the developed soft wares to be user unfriendly and
of low quality. Furthermore, it is observed that when the design methods used in the scope of
human computer interaction are integrated into software development process during the life
cycle, the developed projects are more successful, have better quality and are more user
friendly. Keywords: Human-computer interaction, software projects, life cycle, software design.
“Context dictates the scale of people’s need. And people’s product experiences depend deeply
on the context in which they’re used” (1)

While Use Cases and Edge Cases are the predominant tools used to anticipate and respond to
UX and product design issues, Context of Use is often neglected or not given the attention it
deserves.

4.Explain what involved analyzing products context of use is.

Context of Use is about understanding and responding to “actual conditions under which a
given artifact/software product is used” (2). For example, ease of use of a medical device may
not be significant when a doctor uses it in a clinical setting but it can become significant if a
home care support worker uses the same device at a patient’s home(4).

A single Use Case or Edge Case in different contexts can require vastly different approaches
which has implications for usability, user acquisition, and user experience.

5. which people (active | context | technology) characteristics are

analyzing the user needs in human computer interaction.
Information, People, and Technology

Information, People and Technology presents the high points of an education in the College of
Information Sciences and Technology. It opens an intellectual journey through the ideas and
challenges that IT professionals face in the world. It will address major questions such as: How
can we use technology to organize and integrate human enterprises? How can technology help
people and organizations adapt rapidly and creatively? What can we do about information
overload?

Three perspectives (or facets) address the core issues: information or the basic science of data
encoding, transmission and storage; people or the interactions among technologies,
institutions, regulations and users; and technology or the design and operation of basic
information technology devices. Students completing the course will be confident users and
consumers of information technology. Students will develop research and analytical skills to
evaluate specific devices and understand how those devices function in larger socio-technical
systems. Students will be able to predict and anticipate the impact of new technologies on
human institutions as well as understand the potential impact of institutions on the use and
design of information technologies.
The course employs an action-oriented approach. Students learn by doing—formulating and
solving problems drawn from professional contexts, detecting and recovering from errors
related to technology use, and locating, reading and studying materials that support their
analysis and problem-solving. Students will accomplish this by participating in team-based
learning. The course provides students with the opportunity to use, modify, and evaluate
software to search for, frame, and express ideas with fluency. A variety of mechanisms are used
to assess student performance. These evaluation methods typically include exams, quizzes,
homework assignments, group projects, and peer and self-assessments.

IST 110 is the introductory course in IST, and, as such, serves as a prerequisite for 200-level
(intermediate) IST courses. It is a required course for all majors and minors in IST, and meets
requirements for a General Education or Bachelor of Arts Social Science (GS) course.

The course is delivered with significant student interaction with technology. At University Park,
it is offered in multiple sections (typically 40-60 students per section), in the Fall and Spring
semesters. At other Penn State campuses, it would be offered in class sizes typically ranging
between 20-50 students.

General Education: GS
Diversity: None
Bachelor of Arts: None
Effective: Summer 2005

6. How data can be recorded during the data gathering sessions with
stakeholders?
DATA CAN BE RECORDED DURING THE DATA GATHERING SESSIONS WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN
FOLLOWING WAYS:

Information needed before designing the project:

· The requirements of the system- what the website is about and the goals of the company.

· What is the reason for the website? What is it that the website should do?

· What are the problems with the website and how are the users able to manipulate it? Is it
user friendly or attractive?

· How much does it cost to implement a database for the website

· Will the website that is about to be redesigned affect the user in any way?
 Our stakeholders agree with the vision statement. The reason for using this technology is
because it will improve the company’s website so well that customers will always want to use it
and get what they are looking for. In other word the technology will make the website more
user friendly and easy to use. Assumptions and constraints will be expanded with further
information from stakeholders by ·Consulting each of them about their views on the project

· Knowing from our sponsors how costly the technologies are and is it affordable. Our team
needs to know:

· How the website works

· How the system operates

· How can we improve the website as a team to increase users in order to derive data,
functional, environmental, user and usability requirements.

The data gathering activities that best suit this project are:

· Focus Group

· Questionnaires

· Naturalistic Observation

The data gathering methods we choose to use are focus group, questionnaires and natural
observation. We choose these methods because they are the most appropriate for our project
in terms of validity and knowing the problems of the websites. They are useful means to get
information from both users and stakeholders. We use focus group to bring opinions and
perspectives into the projects and to highlight disagreements and concerns from both the users
and stakeholders. Additionally, we use questionnaires to get information from the users and
stakeholders and naturalistic observation to understand the requirements of the company. The
data analysts will gather the data. It will be gathered by going to the company to observe their
tasks and operations, getting information from the stakeholders and users via questionnaires
and focus groups. The data will be analyzed by observing the most common requests and
answers, say and determine what is needed and the problems of the system.

7. HOW INTERVIEWS ARE CONDUCED?

Conducting an interview is simply a question of running through your script or asking the
questions that you have. However, there are some tips to make this more useful as a process:

 Make your interviewee comfortable – dress in a manner similar to them (you in a suit them in
a tracksuit is going to make it feel like a job interview rather than a user test), make sure
they understand you are testing a product or an idea and not the user themselves, offer them a
drink (non-alcoholic), conduct a little small talk (but only a little) before you start, etc.

 Try to keep the interview on time and heading in the right direction – the reason scripts are
useful is because you can reference them for this

 Try to focus on the interviewee and not on note making – it’s just plain rude to bury your
head in your notes. Maintain eye contact, keep a conversation flowing and record the interview
rather than getting lost in note making.

 Thank the interviewee at the end of the process – not only is this polite but you can offer a
chance for the interviewee to ask any question of their own at this point too

8. what kind of questions are used in usability questionnaires?

Usability Questionnaire

Standardized usability questionnaires are questionnaires designed for the assessment of

perceived usability, typically with a specific set of questions presented in a specified order using
a specified format with specific rules for producing scores based on the answers of
respondents. When you write usability testing questions, keep them clear, specific, and directly
related to your test objectives to ensure the data you collect at the end of your usability test is
relevant and actionable.

This study resource was shared via Course Hero.com Your goals and objectives will help you
decide which types of questions to ask during each of the four stages of usability testing (as
mentioned above). For example, if you need to collect qualitative data, ask open-ended
questions like ‘Can you tell me why you clicked on A instead of B?’. If you need quantitative
data, ask close-ended questions—yes/no, multiple-choice, and questions on a scale (e.g., from
0 to 10) are good examples of close-ended questions that will give you measurable results.

Kind Of Questions Are USED:

The questions you ask will depend on your unique goals and which stage of testing you’re in.
Here are some common questions you could ask in each stage of a usability test for an
ecommerce website: Screening: ask basic questions about the users’ demographics and
experience.

For example: How old are you?

What is your profession?

When was the last time you shopped online?

 Pre-test: ask questions about psychographics based on your user personas. For example: How
often do you shop online? Have you ever purchased from our website before? If yes, when?
How confident are you with tasks like browsing an online shop, adding things to your cart, and
checking out?

Test: ask questions about why users take certain actions and make decisions on your website.
For example: Why did you choose A instead of B? How did you find the experience of navigating
from the product page to the shopping cart? How did you find the experience of going through
the checkout process?

Post-test: ask questions about the user experience and get feedback about your site. For
example: How was your overall experience on our website? What was the best or worst thing
about the checkout process? What (if anything) would you change on the product page? Why?

9. How observations results are conducted?

OBERVATIONS RESULTS ARE CONDUCED IN FOLLOWING STEPS: Identify Objective Determine
what you want to observe and why. Are looking to see how students respond to a new
environment? How customers interact with employees? How bosses interact with
subordinates? When conducting observations, you are trying to learn habits, patterns,
behaviors, reactions, and general information about people in a particular environment to
better understand what they do and, hopefully eventually, why they do it (though observations
alone often won’t tell you the “why”).

Establish Recording Method

To make observations most effective, it’s important that you minimize or eliminate any
disruptive or unfamiliar devices into the environment you wish to observe. For example, it is
often least effective to videorecord observations in situations where the people being observed
know they are being filmed (but it’s usually unethical to film without telling them. Note-taking
is the most common method, though in some public spaces you can take photographs, audio
recordings, and other methods.

Develop Questions and Techniques

Determine whether you are conducting an informal or a formal observation (see explanations
to the far right.) Knowing your objective, determine if there are specific questions you have or if
you are going in completely open-minded. What you hope to learn will help you know what
specifically to look for. Be prepared when entering an observation space by having a sound
understanding of the type of information you are trying learn.

Observe and Take Notes

Visit the space you are hoping to get information from. Be as unobtrusive as possible, taking
notes, photographs, audio, and film, only where it is allowed, you have permission, and it
makes sense for the research without disrupting the environment. If you are doing formal
observations, will you need to code certain behaviors, actions, words, visuals, and other
observed data.

Analyze Behaviors and Inferences

Separate the difference between what you observed (which are factual behaviors) and why
what you observed happened. Typically, to make some sense of your observed data, you will
need to interview people in the environment you are observing, either during the observation
itself, or afterwards. Make connections between interactions, responses, behaviors, and other
phenomena.

10. What is a good question in interview and questionnaire?

Good question in interview and questionnaire is usability; usability, typically with a specific set
of questions presented in a specified order using a specified format with specific rules for
producing scores based on the answers of respondents. For usability testing, standardized
questionnaires are available for assessment of a product at the end of a study (post-study – for
example, QUIS, SUMI, PSSUQ, SUS, and, most recently, UMUX and UMUX-LITE) and after each
task in a study (post-task – for example, ASQ, Expectation Ratings, SEQ, SMEQ, and Usability
Magnitude Estimation).

Standard questionnaires are also available for the general assessment of website usability (for
example, WAMMI and SUPR-Q). All of these questionnaires have undergone psychometric
qualification, including assessment of reliability, validity, and sensitivity, making them valuable
tools for usability practitioners