Module 29 Transfer Switch Equipment

Welcome
Welcome to Module 29. This module covers Transfer Switch equipment. It was prepared
for individuals who want a better understanding of what transfer switch equipment is and
what it does. This module provides information on basic equipment concepts as well as
state-of-the-art details. It may be used by new students as an introductory course or by
individuals with an advanced understanding as a refresher or reference document.
Like the other modules in this series, this one presents small, manageable sections of new
material followed by a series of questions about that material. Study the material
carefully, and then answer the questions without referring back to what you’ve just read.
You are the best judge of how well you grasp the material. Review the material as often
as you think necessary. The most important thing is establishing a solid foundation to
build on as you move from topic to topic and module to module.
A Note on Font Styles
Key points are in bold.
Glossary terms are underlined and italicized the first time they appear.
Introduction
All of us have experienced the loss of electricity from time to time. In most instances, we
just grin and bear it. There are, however, numerous manufacturing, commercial and
institutional facilities that cannot tolerate the loss of electricity. In a hospital, for example,
power failures can be fatal to patients who depend on electricity to operate life-sustaining
equipment in places like the operating room (Figure 1). Although the loss of power to a
manufacturing facility might not be a life-threatening, the cost of lost production time can
be tremendous. As a matter of fact, one sustained power outage can cost far more than the
installation of an entire backup system. Think about other places where the loss of power
could create big problems. How about an airport’s control tower? In general, a backup
source should be a part of any facility that depends on electricity to:
 Preserve life
 Prevent accidents
 Prevent theft or panic
 Prevent the loss of goodwill
Figure 1. Typical Hospital Operating Room
You will notice that we said backup power source. The National Electric Code (NEC)
defines the terms “Emergency Systems,” “Legally Required Standby Systems,” and
“Optional Standby Systems” Other words such as alternate, standby, backup and critical
are often used in the industry to describe dual source power systems. In this module, the
words “backup power” will be used most of the time as a general term to cover all cases.
“ Normal Power” will most often be used in this module as the general term covering the
primary power or power source typically used every day. “Emergency Power” will most
often be used in this module as the general term for the secondary power source.
If there is a normal power source failure, emergency power can be supplied in two ways:
 An additional service from the utility supplying the normal power

 On-site Generation of emergency power
An additional emergency service from the utility would have to come from a source
separate from the utility’s normal supply (Figure 2). This requires additional equipment
and lines from the utility. In addition, the normal and emergency lines would probably
come from different supply locations to reduce the possibility of losing both power
supplies at the same time due to the same condition, like a thunder and lightning storm.
Figure 2. Normal And Emergency Power Provided By Utility
Generation of emergency power using gasoline or diesel engine-generator sets on-site is

the most common method utilized for standby power systems (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Normal Power Provided By Utility And Emergency Power Generated On-Site
Whether the utility provides both power sources or emergency power is generated on-
site, a means must be provided to transfer the load circuits to the available source (Figure
4). Transfer switch equipment provides a means to quickly and safely transfer the critical
load circuits, and is the primary topic of discussion of this module.
Figure 4. Typical Emergency System With Transfer Switch Equipment
Standby power systems are defined by one of the three following application categories:
1. Emergency System
2. Legally Required Standby System
3. Optional Standby System
1. Emergency System - An emergency system is a system legally required and classified

as emergency by municipal, state, federal or other governmental agencies having
jurisdiction. This type of system is intended to automatically supply power to
designated areas and equipment if the primary supply source is interrupted. The
emergency system designation usually applies when the loss of illumination or power
would be a hazard to safety or human life. Transfer from the normal source to the
emergency source cannot exceed 10 seconds.
Some typical instances where emergency systems are required include: facilities occupied
by large numbers of people (hotels, sports arenas, health care).
2. Legally Required Standby System - Legally required systems are those that are so
classified by municipal, state, federal or other governmental agencies having jurisdiction.
These systems are intended to automatically supply power to selected loads, other than
those already classified as emergency. Transfer from the normal source to the
emergency source cannot exceed 60 seconds.
These types of systems are typically installed to serve loads such as heating, refrigeration,
communications, smoke removal, sewage disposal and industrial processes.
3. Optional Standby System - This type of system is intended to protect public or
private property or facilities, where life and safety do not depend on the system’s
performance. Generally, on-site generated power is supplied to selected loads either
automatically or manually. There is no time limit associated with the transfer.
This type of system is typically installed as an alternate source of electric power for
facilities such as commercial buildings, farms and even residences. Typical loads served
include heating, data processing, and industrial processes that when stopped could
interrupt or damage the product or process.
A type of optional system that is increasingly popular is a load sharing system. On-site
power generation assets are being installed as a backup to the normal source, or as a way
to reduce utility bills. It is even possible for these on-site assets to have surplus
generating capacity. This allows for power to be supplied back to the utility grid
(cogenerate). For cogeneration to take place, the on-site asset must run in parallel with
the utility source.
Especially in certain areas, there is a strong interest in customers providing prime power
with on-site generation. This is especially true when demand utility rates are extremely
high or reliable utility power for peak demand windows is not readily available.
What Is A Transfer Switch?
A transfer switch is a critical component of any standby power system. When the
normal (preferred) source of power is lost, the transfer switch transfers from the normal
source of power to the emergency (alternate) source of power. This permits critical loads
to continue running or begin running again, once the transfer is made. After the normal
source of power is once again available, the transfer switch transfers back to the normal
source from the emergency source.
Operation of the transfer switch from normal to emergency and back to normal can be a
manual type operation or an automatic type operation. It depends on the type or
configuration of the transfer switch equipment. If loads are very critical, an Automatic
Transfer Switch (ATS) would probably be used to insure the fastest possible transfer. An
airport’s control tower is an example of a very critical need. An automatic transfer switch
might also be used if there are no operators conveniently in residence who could make a
manual transfer. If loads are not quite as critical, but still cannot go for any extended
period of time without power, a Manual Transfer Switch could be used.
The operation of a transfer switch is more involved than just described. There are a
number of questions that could be asked that are not addressed by this simple
explanation. For example: Even if transfer switch is an automatic type, isn’t there a brief
loss of power as the transfer is being made? The answer is yes, unless a special design
configuration is used. Different types of design configurations will be discussed later in
this module.
Non-Automatic (Manual) Transfer Switch
As just mentioned, transferring can be done with a Manually Operated device, also
referred to as a Non-automatic Transfer Switch. In such applications, operating personnel
are readily available and the load is not of a critical nature requiring immediate
restoration of power. A refrigeration plant is an example of a less critical need.
Obviously, the refrigeration plant could not live with any extended power outage, but
might be able to tolerate a brief down time while a manual transfer is made. Other typical
applications would be many industrial plants and normal telephone facilities.
From a very simplistic standpoint, double-throw knife switches and safety switches have
been used as manual transfer switches. Because these devices are marginal adaptations,
lack a high degree of reliability, and the restricted operation requirements can be abused,
personnel are reluctant to operate them. For these reasons, only switches specifically
designed for manual transfer applications will be considered in this module.
There are two types of non-automatic transfer switches:
 Manually operated
 Manually initiated, Electrically Operated
Manually Operated Non-automatic Transfer switches provide all the mechanics to effect
the transfer from source to source. The actual transfer of power, however, is
accomplished by true hand operation of the transfer switch mechanism.
Manually initiated, Electrically Operated Non-automatic Transfer Switches are similar

to the manually operated version just described except that an electrical operation feature
is added to the switch. The switch electrically transfers power when a pushbutton, usually
mounted on the switch’s enclosure, is pushed. If necessary, the switch can also be
manually operated.
Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)
The most convenient and reliable method to transfer power is with an automatic transfer
switch (Figure 5). In general, the automatic transfer switch includes controls (logic) to
detect when a power failure occurs, and triggers other controls (logic) to start the engine
when the emergency power source is an engine generator. When the generator reaches
the proper voltage and frequency, the switch transfers load circuits from the normal
source to the emergency source.
Figure 5. Closeup Of Automatic Transfer Switch Mounted In Enclosure
Using Molded Case Switches
When the normal source is once again ready to supply power, the switch retransfers the
load circuits to the normal source. It also triggers controls (logic) to shut down the engine
generator. The standard complete operation handled by the automatic transfer switch each
time there is a power failure and power restoration is:
 Engine starting
 Transfer to generator
 Retransfer to normal
 Engine shutdown
What Makes Up a Transfer Switch
In the previous section, several basic types of transfer switches were discussed as an
initial introduction. In general, there are four types of transfer switches:
 Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)

 Non-Automatic Transfer Switch (Manual)
 Bypass Isolation
 Basic Transfer Switch
There are also specialty designs dedicated to performing unique functions for specialized
applications. These special designs will be discussed later in this module. For now, we
will concentrate on the four general types just outlined.
Transfer switches are comprised of certain basic components, each intended to perform a
well defined function. All transfer switch designs, however, do not necessarily perform
these basic functions in the same manner. In this section, you will be introduced to the
common basic components, with special attention given to the different design
approaches used by different manufacturers to provide the same component functionality.
An automatic transfer switch consist of three basic components:
1. Power switching device to shift the load circuits to and from the source of power.
2. Transfer logic controller to constantly monitor the condition of the power sources
and provide the control signals to the power switching device.
3. Control power source to supply operational power.
A non-automatic transfer switch (manually operated) consists of item 1 and a manual

operating handle.
A non-automatic transfer switch (electrically operated) has components similar to the

automatic transfer switch except that power source monitoring and automatic transfer
control are not included.
A basic transfer switch is designed for use with customer furnished controls. It is
similar in design to the automatic transfer switch except intelligence and supervisory
circuits are omitted. This type of switch is not necessarily available from all
manufacturers. It is intended for use by customers with the expertise to complete the
design, and with a desire for additional value added.
The discussion of the different types of components used in the industry to make up an
automatic transfer switch will be broken down into an individual discussion of four
different topics followed by a brief summary. The three basic components are:
1. Switching device
2. Transfer logic controller
3. Transformer Panel
Switching Device
The switching device transfers the loads from one power source to another. Many
engineers believe there are two basic types of transfer switch designs centering around
the type of switching device used. The common phrases used to describe the types of
switches are “the circuit breaker type” and “the contactor type.” There are indeed a
number of design concepts, but the terminology just used is misleading. Contactor Type
Transfer Switches do not use motor starting/lighting contactors, and circuit breaker type
transfer switches do not use circuit breakers. Actually, there are four basic types of
switching devices used:
1. Molded case switch

2. Insulated case switch
3. Contactor
4. SCR (silicon controlled rectifier)
Although our concentration in this manual will be on the first three types of switching
devices, all four will be covered to some degree.
1. Molded Case Switch - A molded case switch is a molded case circuit breaker without
a thermal trip element. Molded case switches are often used when a circuit requires a
compact, high capacity disconnect device.
Transfer switches known as the circuit breaker type use specially designed switching
devices that are typically molded case switches. Circuit breakers are, however, an option.
The contacts and arc chutes are completely enclosed in an insulated housing, as they were
originally designed to be (Figure 6). The switching devices are required to meet a number
of UL requirements for molded case circuit breakers, molded case switches and
automatic transfer switches. The exact standards will be discussed later in detail.
Considering the wide range of standards the circuit breaker type transfer switch must
meet, it is fair to say that the circuit breaker type transfer switch is held to a more
rigorous testing standard than the contactor type.
Figure 6. Cut-away View Of Typical Cutler-hammer Molded Case Switch

Typically, molded case switching devices are oversized for the ampacity of the transfer
switch. For example, an 800 ampere molded case switch type transfer switch uses 1200
ampere switching devices. Thus the contacts are likely to be larger in the molded case
switch design than the contacts used in a contactor type of equal rating.
The molded case switch type switching device is normally used with smaller ampacity
transfer switches. It provides for self protection with a fixed instantaneous trip setting
feature. It will interrupt a fault current at or above its preset level. In most cases, a Cutler-
Hammer automatic transfer switch of this type would utilize the Series C molded case
switch design.
2. Insulated Case Switch - Transfer switches also use insulated case type switching
devices (Figure 7). They fall into the circuit breaker type transfer switch category.
Testing is rigorous and covers a broad scope just like the molded case type switch. Unlike
the molded case type device, the insulated case type switching device can be provided
without any type of Trip Unit. This is true because the insulated case type device has very
high withstand and endurance ratings, often greater than those of comparable contactor
type switches. In addition, the insulated case type switch is available in a true Drawout
configuration which lends itself to certain specialty transfer switch configurations.
Figure 7. Cutler-Hammer Fixed SPB Type Transfer Switch In Its Enclosure
3. Contactor Switch - Transfer switches known as the contactor type do not use motor
starting/lighting type contactors. In fact, contactor type transfer switches use circuit
breaker design contacts, arc chutes and arcing horns. Moreover, most contactor type
transfer switch manufacturers get these parts from circuit breaker manufacturers. Thus
contactor type transfer switches actually owe their design more to circuit breaker
technology than contactor technology.
4. SCR Switch - Where the emergency (standby) system is required to supply solid-state
equipment, electromechanical transfer switches cannot accomplish the high-speed
switching. In addition, arcing during transfer is a source of intense radiated and
conducted noise.
Solid-state silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs) are used for these AC switching
applications. Normally, SCR junctions are switched on when control input is applied and
turned off at the first current zero after control input is removed. The switch-on time is a
few microseconds. By design, transfer between voltage sources always takes place
between voltage sources that are in phase.
High switching speed combined with no contact bounce seems to offer an ideal way to
accomplish high-speed transfer switching. This type of switching is typically used when
both sources are utilities or one source is an uninterruptable power supply (UPS).
5. Summary - The SCR type switch is designed and almost exclusively used for a very
specific application. It will not be included in this summary.
Since contactor and circuit breaker type transfer switches both use circuit breaker parts,
what is the difference in performance? Under most downstream fault conditions, both
designs perform the same. This means that the upstream circuit breaker will trip and the
automatic transfer switch intelligence (logic) will initiate the transfer sequence to the
alternate source.
Contactor type transfer switches and circuit breaker type transfer switches using insulated
case type switches without trip units perform identically under all circumstances. It
should be noted, however, that these circuit breaker type transfer switch designs normally
have much higher withstand and endurance ratings than contactor type transfer switches.
This could be very valuable if the upstream circuit breaker is a power circuit breaker
without an instantaneous trip. If the power circuit breaker’s short time delay setting is set
high, fault current might flow in excess of the limited time and current withstand ratings
of the contactor type switch. The insulated case type transfer switch could possibly be
selected to withstand the short time delay.
Contactor type transfer switches and circuit breaker type transfer switches using molded
case switches with a fixed instantaneous trip setting perform identically when applied in
systems with molded case circuit breakers.
Transfer Mechanism
The switching device was just discussed. Now it is time to discuss the mechanism, of
which there are a number of different designs, used to effect the transfer of the main
contacts from source to source. In other words, there has to be a mechanism that will
operate the switching devices.
From a very simplistic standpoint, a double-throw knife switch could be considered the
switching device. If an individual took hold of the switch’s handle and operated it, the
hand and arm could be considered the transfer mechanism.
The mechanism used with a transfer switch can be put in motion in two ways:
 Manually
 Electrically
Manually operated mechanisms require operating personnel to perform a function by

hand, such as directly operating a manual handle. Operation of the handle results in the
switching devices effecting the transfer from source to source.
Electrically operated mechanisms are powered by motors or solenoids. The electrical
operator may be initiated manually (pushbutton) or automatically.
Automatically Operated mechanisms do not require the intervention of operating

personnel. Through the use of an intelligence package and pre-programmed operating
conditions, the mechanism is automatically set in motion when the programmed
operating conditions are met.
There are four primary types of transfer mechanisms used with transfer switches:
 Unidirectional gear motor

 Twin Stored Energy
 Single solenoid
 Linear motor
1. Unidirectional Gear Motor - This type of mechanism transfers between power

sources through the use of a unidirectional motor driven mechanical device. Rigid shafts
or arms are linked to the motor through a ratchet type device or gears. The rotary motion
created by the motor is in turn converted to linear motion. The linear motion moves the
rigid shafts or arms to operate the switching devices, such as the operating handles on
molded case switches. The unidirectional motor is energized from the source to which the
load is to be transferred. It operates at a standard 120 Vac, independent of the line
voltage.
This type of transfer mechanism can also be operated manually, often through the use of
an integrally mounted operating handle. The operating handle, whether it is ratcheted or
rotated, produces the linear motion required to operate the switching devices.
Cutler-Hammer utilizes this type of mechanism on its 1000 ampere and below transfer
switches:
1. 150 ampere to 1000 ampere switches - The Cutler -Hammer mechanism is a

vertically mounted design using a ratchet type approach to produce the necessary linear
operating motion required to operate the switching devices (Figure 8).
2. Switches below 150 amperes - The Cutler-Hammer mechanism is a horizontally

mounted design using gears and rotational motion to produce the required linear motion
(Figure 9).
Figure 8. Cutler-Hammer Vertical Design With

Protective Cover Removed For Clarity
(150-1000 Amperes)
Figure 9. Cutler-Hammer Horizontal Design

With Protective Cover Removed For Clarity
(Below 150 Amperes)
2. Twin Stored Energy - This type of mechanism utilizes insulated case switches with true
two-step stored energy mechanisms as the switching devices (Figure 10). The stored
energy mechanism provides the required mechanical motion to open and close the two
sets of main contacts. A rigid mechanical interlock between the main contacts of the two
switching devices prevents both sets of main contacts from being closed simultaneously.
Except for the mechanical interlock, the switching device and the transfer mechanism are
automatically provided in the form of the one device, the insulated case switch.
Figure 10. Closeup Of Cutler-Hammer SPB Insulated Case Design

Utilizing A Twin Stored Energy Mechanism With Protective Cover
Removed For Clarity (Above 1000 Amperes)
When insulated case switches are used as the switching devices, each device can be
manually opened and closed through the use of manual buttons located on the front of the
device. If required, the switching devices can also be configured to be electrically closed
and opened. The closing springs can be manually charged using a front mounted manual
charging handle.
If it is not desirable to perform the functions just described manually or the transfer
switch is to be fully automatic, electrically operated switching devices are available. This
means that the closing springs are automatically charged, as required, through the use of a
small integrally mounted electric motor. The motor is energized from the source to which
the load is transferred. In addition, the closing and opening functions can be electrically
and automatically performed.
Cutler-Hammer utilizes this type of mechanism on its transfer switches above 1000
amperes.
3. Single Solenoid - A single solenoid type mechanism utilizes an electrical solenoid

with an integrally mounted operating shaft. When the solenoid is energized, the shaft
protrudes causing the main contacts to operate. With shaft extended, the contacts are in
one position and in another position with the solenoid de-energized. The solenoid is
directly connected to the line voltage which makes it somewhat susceptible to voltage
spikes, which could short out its windings.
It is possible to make a manual transfer with this type of mechanism. It can only be
accomplished, however, after all power is disconnected. The manual transfer is made
using a short metal rod, which is usually not permanently attached to the switch.
4. Linear Motor - The linear motor mechanism is basically a coil with an operating shaft
running through the coil. The operating shaft which causes the main contacts to operate is
not an integral part of the coil. Since the linear motor electric operator is connected
directly to the full line voltage, the circuit requires the use of capacitors. This creates
difficulties when voltage rating changes are required.
This type of switch cannot be operated manually and cannot be manually switched under
full load. In fact, the motor drive circuit must be disconnected prior to manual operation.
The motor drive circuit must also be reconnected before the switch will function. The
manual operating handle is a separate loose tool.
Transformer Panel
Voltage must be available to a transfer switch to power anything that requires power,
such as motors, coils and logic. This power is usually provided by a small internally
mounted transformer to match the application voltage. This is not a problem unless there
is a required application voltage change in the field.
A common approach used to provide control power is to install a Step-Down Transformer

which provides the currently required voltage level. Cutler-Hammer utilizes a multi-tap
enclosed transformer mounted in the enclosure (Figure 11). The transformer is provided
with a voltage selection panel permitting a simple field change from one voltage to
another. Seven front accessible voltage taps from 208 to 600 Vac satisfy any required
application voltage. A change from one voltage to another is quick through the use of a
small disconnect plug (Figure 12).
Figure 11. Voltage Selection Panel Shown Mounted In Cutler-Hammer
Vertical Design Transfer Switch (Protective Cover Removed For Clarity)
Figure 12. Vertical Design Voltage Selection Panel With Voltage Being Selected
Logic Panel
In this module, the automatic transfer switch (ATS) was discussed. The ATS contains
something unique to the ATS. Logic! The logic controller tells the power switching
device when and where to transfer.
The logic panel included as part of a transfer switch provides intelligence/supervisory

circuits to constantly monitor the condition of the power sources and thus provide the
intelligence necessary for the switch and related circuit operation.
Microprocessor-Based Logic - Microprocessor-based logic provides a far more

comprehensive list of capabilities to the ATS world than previously available with relay
logic or solid state logic. Normally, microprocessor-based logic comes in the form of a
self-contained unit that can be mounted on the enclosure door (Figure 13). The biggest
differences between microprocessor logic from one manufacturer to another are the
features available and ease of use. Cutler-Hammer offers industry leading
microprocessor-based ATC-600 transfer controller (Figure 14). Since this is a state-of-
the-art device and performs almost every conceivable function, it will be discussed here
in some detail.
Figure 13. ATC-600 Microprocessor-based Logic Device Mounted On Enclosure Door
Figure 14. Closeup Of ATC-600 Operator Panel With Callouts
ATC-600
The primary functions of the ATC-600 are to accurately monitor power sources and
provide the necessary intelligence to operate a transfer switch in an appropriate and
timely manner. However, it goes far beyond these primary functions.
The ATC-600 is a programmable, microprocessor based monitoring device designed

specifically to use with transfer switches. It has a user-friendly front panel interface for
simple routine operations, programming, data presentation and settings adjustments. It is
suitable for either new or existing Cutler-Hammer ATS applications.
Data access and programming operations are performed using touch sensitive buttons in
conjunctions with an illuminated, alphanumeric LED display window. Both the function
buttons and display window are on the device’s front panel. A built-in Help button even
provides user assistance in the form of message displays.
The ATC-600 provides reliable two-way communications and is compatible with other
Cutler-Hammer communicating devices. It permits the monitoring and control of several
transfer switches locally or remotely from a single point. In conclusion, a summary of
standard and optional features here provides a broad view of the ATC-600’s tremendous
capabilities.
IQ Transfer Standard And Optional Features Summary
Standard Features Optional Features

Voltmeter for Source 1 Overvoltage Sensing on Source 1
Pickup Voltage - 95% of nominal to
(Dropout - 2%)
Voltmeter for Source 2 Overvoltage Sensing on Source 2
Pickup Voltage - 95% of nominal to
(Dropout - 2%)
Voltmeter for Load Underfrequency Sensing of Source 1
Frequency Meter for Source 1 Overfrequency Sensing of Source 1
Frequency Meter for Source 2 Underfrequency Sensing of Source 2
Undervoltage Sensing on Source 1 Overfrequency Sensing of Source 2
(Also includes Overvoltage Sensing on
Source 2)
Undervoltage Sensing on Source 2 Time Delay Bypass Pushbutton
Underfrequency Sensing on Source 2 Manual Return to Source 1
Time Delay Normal to Emergency Delayed Transition
Time Delay Emergency to Normal Delayed Transition - Time Delay
Time Delay Engine Start Delayed Transition - Low Voltage Decay
Time Delay Engine Cooldown Preferred Source Selection
System Selection Plant Exerciser W/Real Time Clock
Position Indicators Interruptible Rate (Area Protection)
Source Availability Indicators Inhibit to Emergency
Preferred Source Indicator Load Sequencing
Load Energized Indication Pre-transfer Signal
History Phase Rotation (Contact Factory for
 Source Availability Time availability)
 Source Run Time
 Source Connected Time
 Load Energized Time
 Number of Transfers
 Date, Time, and Reason for last 16

Transfers
Viewable Setpoints
IMPACC Capacity
Real Time Clock
Programmable Engine Test
Remote Alarm Contact
Auxiliary Relay Contacts
Summary
As a summary of the major components discussed in this section, lets take a final look at
those components. The Cutler-Hammer vertical design switch covering 150 through 1000
amperes will be used for the illustrations. You already know that all components do not
look the same and do not perform exactly the same way, but all automatic transfer
switches need these components in some form to perform the function (Figure 15).
An automatic transfer switch has four major components:
 Switching device
 Transfer mechanism
 Transformer panel
 Logic panel
Figure 15. Cutler-Hammer Vertical Design ATS (150-1000 Amperes) Makeup Summary
Standards and Testing
The standards and associated testing applicable to transfer switch equipment go right to
the heart of the matter. This is true from a number of very important standpoints:
1. This is the industry’s determination as to whether or not a particular transfer switch

design is capable of meeting a wide range of published operational and physical
requirements.
2. The proven and stated compliance to specific standards tells potential users that the
equipment under consideration meets certain basic standards, thus helping to simplify the
evaluation process. Once the basic determination is made that the manufacturers involved
meet all the basic requirements, a particular manufacturer can still gain an evaluated
advantage by offering additional unique features and/or an operational design approach
preferred or judged superior by the potential user.
3. It is a solid way of defining what is required for specific application systems, such as:
 Emergency systems
 Stand-by systems
 Legally required standby systems
A great number of components are involved in the installation of an auxiliary power

system. The transfer switch equipment is a critical player. The system selected and
components involved depend on the type of occupancy, type of process or activity, and
specific needs of the facility.
You will hear a number of familiar codes and organizations from other types of
equipment referred to, such as:
 National Electrical Code:

 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
 Underwriter’s Laboratories, Inc. (UL)
 American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
 Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
 National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
 Specific local codes
Keep in mind that a standard exists for almost everything. Compliance with exacting
standards ensures customers of the very best possible product selection with a high
degree of comfort. There is no room for compromise when performance, quality and
safety are involved.
The rest of this section will be devoted to the specific organizations and standards
applicable to all transfer switch equipment, no matter the manufacturer. Also, additional
standards that components within Cutler-Hammer transfer switch equipment are
subjected to will be discussed. These additional steps taken by Cutler-Hammer add to the
customer’s comfort level that they can expect the best in performance and safety.
National Electrical Code (NEC)
The NEC provides guidance for safe and proper installation of equipment required for
emergency and legally required standby power systems. It also contains rules for those
standby systems that are installed for the convenience of operations in a facility (optional
standby systems). Finally, it also deals with those systems operated in parallel with the
electric utility and are capable of delivering energy back to the utility source.
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
The NFPA provides a number of very important and applicable standards:
 NFPA 99 - Requirements for emergency systems in health care facilities

 NFPA 101 - Guidelines to where emergency lighting is essential
 NFPA 110 - Performance requirements for emergency and standby equipment
Underwriter’s Laboratories, Inc. (UL)
UL has developed a comprehensive test standard for automatic transfer switches

designated UL 1008. In order to list an ATS under UL 1008, an ATS manufacturer must
subject a sample unit of each rating and configuration to a battery of sequential
performance tests. As is the case with any product standard, UL 1008 defines only
minimum performance requirements.
Since Cutler-Hammer utilizes specially designed molded and insulated case switches or
circuit breakers as the main power switching contacts, these devices are also listed under
two additional standards:
 UL 1087 - Standard for molded case switches

 UL 489 - Standard for circuit breakers
It is important to know that UL utilizes two basic types of listing programs:
 Re-examination
 Label service
Re-examination only requires a continual physical re-examination of the components

used in the end product to ensure consistency with the originally submitted device. There
is no required follow-up testing. UL 1008 which applies to all automatic transfer switches
list product under this type of program.
Label service requires an extensive follow-up testing program for listed devices. UL
1087 and UL 489 apply to the devices used by Cutler-Hammer as the main power
switching devices, namely the molded or insulated case switches and circuit breakers.
Representative production samples used by Cutler-Hammer are subjected to a complete
test program identical to the originally submitted devices per UL 1087 and UL 489
requirements. The frequency of such a re-submittal can be as often as every quarter for a
100 ampere device. Any failure during one of these re-submittals could result in a loss of
the valued UL listing mark. Remember, Cutler-Hammer ATS main power switching
contacts must still comply with UL 1008. This triple compliance for Cutler-Hammer
main power switching contacts ensures a continuing high level of performance that a
customer can expect over and above any stated or implied quality commitment by a
manufacturer.
For the sake of comparison, review the UL requirements for each of the three UL
standards presented in the UL Summary.
Other Standards and Codes
Other applicable standards and codes as outlined by American National Standards

Institute (ANSI), Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), National
Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) and specific local codes must be
considered and complied with supplying automatic transfer switch equipment.
Summary
Even though all manufacturers’ transfer switches meet UL 1008, there are several
methods and designs used to accomplish the basic transfer switch function . That is
one reason why the specification intensity for this product is high.
A second reason is reliability . The transfer switch is a key element of the emergency
power system and must work every time when called upon to operate.
For these two reasons, a consultant and user are very much interested when the quality,
reliability and performance of the transfer switching equipment exceeds minimum
standards, especially when it is proven through testing.
Molded Case Circuit Breakers (UL-489)
UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES TEST REQUIREMENTS
Standard Tests
1. The tripping mechanism shall be enclosed to prevent tampering.

2. The mechanism shall trip free of the handle on overload.
3. All breakers shall be calibrated to carry their continuous rating in an ambient
temperature of 40°C.
4. 200% calibration check.
5. 135% calibration check.
6. Overload test at 600% normal current at rated voltage. Up to 6000 amps 50
operations. 1601-2500 amps 25 operations. 2501-6000 amps 25 operations (ds).
7. Temperature rise check at 100% rated load continuously without exceeding
specified temperature limits.
8. Endurance test:
Ampere Rating Operations
With Current Without Current Per Minute

0-100 6000 4000 6
101-225 4000 4000 5
226-600 1000 5000 4
601-800 500 3000 1
801-2500 500 2000 1
2501-6000 400 1100 1
9. After endurance test, the breaker must again pass a calibration test at the 200%
and 135% ratings.
10. It must next pass short circuit tests at the value shown in the following chart:
Breaker Rating Test Circuit
Volts Amps Common Pole Amps Ind. Pole Amps No. of Tests
250 & Below 100 & Below 4330 5000 7
above 250 100 & Below 8660 10000 7
Any 101-800 8660 10000 7
Any 801-1200 12120 14000 7
Any 1201-1600 14000 20000 8
Any 1601-2000 14000 25000 8
Any 2001-2500 20000 30000 8
Any 2501-3000 25000 35000 8
Any 3001-4000 30000 45000 8
Any 4001-5000 40000 60000
Any 5001-6000 50000 70000
11. After the short circuit test, the breaker must again pass a calibration test at 2000%
of its rating.
12. Insulation test consisting of 1,000 volt plus twice the rated voltage between live
parts and ground; between poles with the breaker closed and between line and
load terminals with the breaker open and in tripped position.
Molded Case Circuit Breakers (UL-1087)

Standard Tests
1. The instantaneous response release mechanism shall be enclosed to prevent

tampering.
2. The instantaneous response release mechanism shall automatically open free of
the handle on short circuit.
3. All switches shall be calibrated to carry their continuous rating in an ambient
temperature of 40°C.
4. N/A
5. N/A
operations. 2000-2500 amps 25 operations. 2501-6000 amps 28 operations (*).
8. Endurance test:

0-100 6000 4000 6
101-225 4000 4000 5
226-600 1000 5000 4
601-800 500 3000 1
801-2500 500 2000 1
2501-6000 400 1100 1
9. N/A
10. It must next pass short circuit current withstand tests at the value shown in the
following chart:
Breaker Rating Test Circuit
Volts Amps Common Pole Amps Ind. Pole Amps No. of Tests
250 & Below 100 & Below 4330 5000 7
above 250 100 & Below 8660 10000 7
Any 101-800 8660 10000 7
Any 801-1200 12120 14000 7
Any 1201-1600 14000 20000 8
Any 1601-2000 14000 25000 8
Any 2001-2500 20000 30000 8
Any 2501-3000 25000 35000 8
Any 3001-4000 30000 45000 8
Any 4001-5000 40000 60000
Any 5001-6000 50000 70000
11. N/A
12. Insulation test consisting of 1000 volts plus twice the rated voltage between live
parts and ground; between poles with the breaker closed; and between line and
* Three operations at 600 percent of rating at the rate of 1 cycle per minute
followed by 25 operations at 200 percent of rating at the rate of 1 cycle per minute
(may be conducted in groups of 5 with 15 minutes maximum between groups).
Transfer Switches (UL-1008)

(IN ADDITION TO UL-489 OR UL-1087)
Standard Tests
1. N/A
2. N/A
3.
4. N/A
5. N/A
operations. 1601-2500 amps 25 operations. 2501 above 30 operations.
8. Endurance test:
100% 200%
0-300 3000 3000 1
301-400 2000 2000 1
401-800 1000 1000 1000 1
801-1600 750 750 1500 1/2
1601/above 500 500 2000 1/4
9. N/A
10. Withstand and closing test:
Switch Rating Test Current Amps No. of Tests

100 amps or less 5000 2
101-400 amps 10000 2
401 & greater 20 times rating but no less than 10000 amperes 2
11. N/A
12. Insulation test consisting of 1000 volt plus twice the rated voltage between live
parts and ground; between poles with the breaker closed; and between line and
Features and Accessories
Transfer switch options and accessories are available to meet a wide variety of
application requirements. A Cutler-Hammer transfer switch can be customized, in most
cases in the field, to a very specific set of requirements. Where applicable, accessories are
UL listed unless specifically noted otherwise.
Since options and accessories are normally very specific relative to a particular
manufacturer, no attempt will be made to discuss any items other that those supplied by
Cutler-Hammer. Manufacturers have uniquely different ways of identifying different
accessories and options, which, on occasion, adds to the confusion. Cutler-Hammer, for
example, uses a numbering and lettering system to identify most items. Cutler-Hammer
uses a number as the first line of identification. If that item needs a more specific
identification, a letter is added to the number. Take a look at the following two examples:
Example 1: Option 1 is Time Delay Normal to Emergency (TDNE). This option

provides a time delay when transferring from the Normal Power Source to the
Emergency Power Source and is supplied as part of the logic package. This is the only
selection to make which means there is no letter associated with identifying the option.
Example 2: Option 33 is a shunt trip. This option could be supplied in the Normal
Breaker and is identified with the letter “A” or the letter “B” is supplied in the
Emergency Breaker. There are two choices for this option, “33A” or “33B.”
The option identification numbers will be used here, although there will be no further
attempt to explain the reasoning behind the numbering system. The concentration should
be on the item itself and what its function is relative to transfer switch equipment. In
time, the actual numbering system will become second nature. Keep in mind that all the
options outlined here are not necessarily available for all transfer switch configurations.
Options and accessories fall into one of two categories:
 Non-logic
 Logic
As the names imply, non-logic items are more closely associated with the transfer switch
itself, and logic items are considered part of the specific type of logic selected.
1. Time Delay Normal to Emergency (TDNE)
Provides a time delay when transferring from the Normal Source to the Emergency
Source. Timing begins when the Emergency Source becomes available. Permits
controlled transfer of the load circuit to the Emergency Source. Adjustable 0 – 1800
seconds.
2. Time Delay Engine Start (TDES)
Provides a time delay of the signal to initiate the engine/generator start cycle in order to
override momentary power outages or voltage fluctuations of the Normal Source.
Adjustable 0 – 120 seconds.
3. Time Delay Emergency to Normal (TDEN)

Provides a time delay of the re-transfer operation to permit stabilization of the Normal
Source. Timing begins when the Normal Source becomes available. If the Emergency
Source fails during timing, then re-transfer is immediate overriding the time delay.
4. Time Delay Engine Cooldown (TDEC)
Provides a time delay of the signal to initiate the engine/generator stop cycle after the re-
transfer operation. This allows the engine/generator to cooldown by running unloaded.
Timing begins on completion of the re-transfer cycle. Adjustable 0 – 1800 seconds.
5. Source 2/Emergency Source Monitoring and Protection
Provides monitoring and protection based on the Source 2 voltage and/or frequency set
points. All Feature 5 functions are failsafe operations.
5B. Single-Phase Undervoltage and Underfrequency Protection
Adjustable Undervoltage:
Dropout: 50 – 97% of nominal.
Pickup: Dropout +2% – 99% of nominal.
Adjustable Underfrequency:
Pickup: Dropout +1 Hz – 99% of nominal.
5C. Single-Phase Overvoltage and Overfrequency Protection
Adjustable Overvoltage:
Pickup: Dropout -2% – 103% of nominal.
Adjustable Overfrequency:
Pickup: Dropout -1 Hz – 101% of nominal.
5D. Single-Phase Undervoltage Protection
5E. Single-Phase Overvoltage Protection

5F. Three-Phase Undervoltage Protection
5G. Three-Phase Overvoltage Protection
5H. Phase Reversal Protection
Provides phase reversal protection.
5J. Three-Phase Undervoltage and Underfrequency Protection
5K. Three-Phase Overvoltage and Overfrequency Protection
Dropout: 105 –120% of nominal.
6. Test Operators
Cutler-Hammer Automatic Transfer Switches are provided with a Test Pushbutton that
simulates a loss of the Normal Power Source as standard (Feature 6B). All programmed
time delays (TDNE, TDEN, etc.) will be performed as part of the Test. Engine run time
of the Test is equal to the Plant Exerciser (Feature 23) programmed set point. All Tests
are failsafe protected. If one of the optional Test Operators is chosen, then the standard
6B Test Pushbutton is disabled.
6B. Test Pushbutton
Programmable set points include:
1. Load or No Load Testing, or Disabled.

2. Engine run time is equal to the plant exerciser (Feature 23) setting.
6D. 2-Position Test Selector Switch (TSS)
Provides a 2-position, maintained contact selector switch marked “Auto” and “Test.” The
Test is a Load Test and will continue until the TSS is returned to the “Automatic”
position. The TSS is failsafe protected.
6H. 4-Position Test Selector Switch (FPSS)
Provides a 4-position, maintained contact selector switch marked “Auto,” “Test,”

“Engine Start,” and “Off.” The FPSS is failsafe protected. Transfer Switch operation is
determined by the switch position. Transfer Switch operations are as follows:
“Auto” — Automatic operation mode.
“Test” — A Load test is performed until the switch is moved to another position.
“Engine Start” — A No-Load test is performed until the switch is moved to another
position.
“Off” — The Automatic Transfer Controller and engine start contact are disabled. A
white pilot light is provided to indicate that the FPSS is in the “Off” position.
7. Time Delay Emergency Fail (TDEF)
Provides a time delay that prevents a connected emergency source from being declared
“Failed” in order to override momentary generator fluctuations. If the Source
2/Emergency power source remains in the failed state, then 0.5 seconds after the TDEF
timer expires, the transfer switch will proceed with the programmed sequence for re-
transfer. This time delay is only implemented when the emergency source is a generator.
8. Time Delay Bypass Pushbutton

Provides a momentary contact pushbutton to bypass the TDNE (Feature 1) and/or TDEN
(Feature 2) time delays. The Time Delay Bypass Pushbutton contact, when closed, will
reduce any or all of the programmed time delay to zero.
(When both 8C and 8D are selected a single pushbutton operator is provided.)
8C. Bypass TDEN
Provides a pushbutton to bypass the TDEN time delay.
8D. Bypass TDNE
Provides a pushbutton to bypass the TDNE time delay.
9B. Maintenance Selector Switch (MSS)
Provides a 2-position, maintained contact selector switch marked “Off” and “On.” MSS
operations are as follows:
“Off” — When the MSS is placed in the “Off” position, the control power is
disconnected from the transfer motor circuit, which allows testing of the Automatic
Transfer Controller without initiating a load transfer.
“On” — The MSS is placed in the “On” position for normal automatic operation.
10. Preferred Source Selector
Provides a means to designate either Source 1 or Source 2 as the “Preferred” Source.
10B. Preferred Source Selector
Provides source selector for use on systems comprised of dual utility or utility and
engine/generator power sources.
10D. Preferred Source Selector
Provides source selector for use on systems comprised of dual engine/generator power
sources. (Dual engine starting circuits are provided.)
12. Indicating Pilot Lights
Provides pilot lights to give switch position and power source availability indication.
Switch Position
Provides a pilot light to indicate switch position.

12C. Source 1 — Load Connected
Provides a green pilot light that indicates the load is connected to Source 1 when lit.
12D. Source 2 — Load Connected
Provides a red pilot light that indicates the load is connected to Source 2 when lit.
Power Source Availability
Provides a pilot light to indicate if a power source is available. Lights may be integral or
separate from the controller.
12G. Source 1 Available
Provides an amber pilot light that indicates Source 1 is available when lit.
12H. Source 2 Available
Provides an amber pilot light that indicates Source 2 is available when lit.
Overcurrent Trip Indication
Available only with Integral Overcurrent Protection (Feature 16). (Shown on Automatic
Transfer Controller Display.)
12L. Source 1 Trip Indication
The Automatic Transfer Controller display will read “Lockout” if the Source 1 circuit
breaker is in the “tripped” position.
12M. Source 2 Trip Indication
The Automatic Transfer Controller display will read “Lockout” if the Source 2 circuit
breaker is in the “tripped” position.
14. Relay Auxiliary Contacts
Provides Form “C” relay auxiliary contacts.
14C. Source 1 Available
Provides 4 Form “C” relay auxiliary contacts. The relay is energized when Source 1 is
available.
14D. Source 2 Available

Provides 4 Form “C” relay auxiliary contacts. The relay is energized when Source 2 is
available.
14E. Source 1 Available
Provides 1 Form “C” relay auxiliary contact. The relay is energized when Source 1 is
available.
14F. Source 2 Available
Provides 1 Form “C” relay auxiliary contact. The relay is energized when Source 2 is
available.
15. Switch Position Indication Contact
Provides a contact that indicates if the power switching device is in the “open” or
“closed” position.
15E. Source 1 Position Indication Contact
Provides 1 Form “C” contact that indicates the position of the Source 1 power switching
device.
15F. Source 2 Position Indication Contact
Provides 1 Form “C” contact that indicates the position of the Source 2 power switching
device.
16. Integral Overcurrent Protection
Provides thermal-magnetic overcurrent protection integral to the power switching

device(s). All Feature 16 options include a “Lockout” function. If the power switching
breaker trips on an overcurrent condition, then “Lockout” is displayed on the Automatic
Transfer Controller display and automatic operation is prevented until the appropriate
source is manually reset.
16B. Integral Overcurrent Protection on Both Power Source Switching Devices
Provides integral overcurrent protection on both Source 1 and Source 2 power switching
devices.
16E. Integral Overcurrent Protection on the Source 2 Power Switching Device
Provides integral overcurrent protection on the Source 2 power switching device.
16N. Integral Overcurrent Protection on the Source 1 Power Switching Device

Provides integral overcurrent protection on the Source 1 power switching device.
17. High Withstand Power Switching Devices
Provides increased withstand rating of the Source 1 and Source 2 power switching
devices.
17C. High Withstand Power Switching Devices
Provides power switching devices with a higher withstand rating on fixed mounted SPB
type transfer switches 800A – 1200A.
18. Metering and Communications
The Cutler-Hammer IQ family of microprocessor-based multifunction monitoring and

display devices features the latest technological advances in metering and
communications capabilities.
The IQ family is available with an optional communications interface for data collection,
storage and printout via the Cutler-Hammer PowerNet System. (See Feature 48 —
Communications for available communication modules.)
Feature 18 metering options include all required external devices (CTs etc.) for a fully
functioning metering system.
IQ DP-4000
The IQ DP-4000 is an rms sensing, multifunction microprocessor-based monitoring and

display device that provides simultaneous monitoring of current, voltage, frequency,
power (real, reactive and apparent), energy (real, reactive and apparent), power factor and
percent THD (current and voltage).
18R. IQ DP-4000 — Source 1 Line Side Metering
Provides an IQ DP-4000 for monitoring the Source 1 line side circuit.
18S. IQ DP-4000 — Source 2 Line Side Metering
Provides an IQ DP-4000 for monitoring the Source 2 line side circuit.
18T. IQ DP-4000 with Selector Switch for Source 1 or Source 2 Line Side Metering
Provides an IQ DP-4000 with a Source selector switch for monitoring the Source 1 or
Source 2 line side circuit.
18U. IQ DP-4000 — Load Side Metering

Provides an IQ DP-4000 for monitoring the load side circuit.
IQ Analyzer
The IQ Analyzer is an rms sensing, multifunction microprocessor-based monitoring and

display device with waveform capture that provides simultaneous monitoring of current,
voltage, frequency, power (real, reactive and apparent), energy (real, reactive and
apparent), demand (forward, reverse and net), harmonics (magnitude and phase angle),
power factor and percent THD (current and voltage).
18O. IQ Analyzer — Source 1 Line Side Metering
Provides an IQ Analyzer for monitoring the Source 1 line side circuit.
18P. IQ Analyzer — Source 2 Line Side Metering
Provides an IQ Analyzer for monitoring the Source 2 line side circuit.
18Q. IQ Analyzer with Selector Switch for Source 1 or Source 2 Line Side Metering
Provides an IQ Analyzer with a Source selector switch for monitoring the Source 1 or
Source 2 line side circuit.
18V. IQ Analyzer — Load Side Metering
Provides an IQ Analyzer for monitoring the load side circuit.
20. Rear Bus Provisions
Provides Source 1, Source 2 and Load Circuit rear accessible bus stabs with provision for
bus bar connection. Cutler-Hammer Transfer Switches are provided with either front or
rear (dependent on switch type) connected solderless screw-type terminals for power
cable connection as standard.
20A. Rear Bus Provisions
Provides Source 1, Source 2 and Load Circuit rear accessible bus stabs with provision for
bus bar connection.
21. Optional Power Cable Connection Terminals
Cutler-Hammer Transfer Switches are provided as standard with Source 1, Source 2 and
Load Circuit solderless screw-type terminals for power cable connection. Alternate
terminal wire sizes may be available dependent on transfer switch type and ampere
rating.
21A. Optional Power Cable Connection Terminals
Provides Alternate Power cable connection terminals. Consult Cutler-Hammer sales for
available optional terminal sizes.
23. Plant Exerciser (PE)
Provides a means for automatic testing of the engine generator set or standby power
system. All programmed time delays will be performed during plant exerciser operations.
23J. Plant Exerciser (PE) with Failsafe
Provides user programmable set point for test interval. Test may be performed with or
without load circuit transfer. Test may be manually cancelled during operation.
Adjustable engine run time 0 – 600 minutes.
24. Battery Charger
Provides an automatic battery charger for engine cranking batteries. Requires a separate
100 – 135V AC 60 Hz customer supplied power source.
24C. Battery Charger with 12V DC Output
Provides an automatic battery charger with 12V DC, 5 ampere output.
24D. Battery Charger with 24V DC Output
Provides an automatic battery charger with 24V DC, 5 ampere output.
26. Source 1 — Monitoring and Protection
Provides Source 1 monitoring and protection functions. If the Source 1 power supply
fails, then the Automatic Transfer Controller will begin the sequence of operations
necessary to transfer the load circuit to the Source 2 power supply. All Feature 26
monitoring and protection functions are failsafe operations.
26A. All Phase Undervoltage Protection
Provides all phase undervoltage monitoring and protection.
26C. All Phase Overvoltage Protection
Provides all phase overvoltage monitoring and protection.
26D. Go to Emergency (Source 2)
Provides the capability for an external contact closure to initiate a load circuit transfer to
the Source 2/Emergency power source. This includes starting the engine/generator,
performing the programmed time delays and the transfer operation. Re-transfer will occur
when the external contact is opened or under a failsafe condition. Includes terminal block
connection point for connection of external contact.
26E. All Phase Underfrequency Protection
Provides all phase underfrequency monitoring and protection.
26F. All Phase Overfrequency Protection
Provides all phase overfrequency monitoring and protection.
26G. Phase Reversal Protection
Provides a relay to ensure matched phase sequencing between Source 1 and Source 2.
29. Transfer Operation Modes
Provides standard or optional transfer modes, mode selection devices and operational
methods for Transfer switches.
29A. Automatic Operation
Provides fully automatic transfer, re-transfer and engine/generator startup and shutdown
operations.
29G. Automatic/Manual Operation With Selector Switch
Provides 2-position selector switch (labeled Auto/Manual) that permits selection of the
Automatic or Manual transfer operation mode. When in the “Auto” position, the transfer
switch operates with fully automatic transfer, re-transfer and engine/generator startup and
shutdown operations. When in the “Manual” position, manual pushbutton operation is
required to initiate the engine/generator startup with transfer or re-transfer with
engine/generator shutdown operations. The pushbuttons for manual operation are
included.
Note: Transfer switches with Feature 29G must be labeled as Non-Automatic Transfer
Switch equipment.
29J. Automatic Transfer or Automatic Transfer With Non-Automatic Re-transfer

Operation
Provides a field selectable programmable set point that permits the transfer switch to
operate in one of the following 2 transfer modes (A or B).
A) Fully automatic operation. Same as Feature 29A.
B) Automatic engine/generator startup and automatic transfer operation from Source 1 to

Source 2. Manual pushbutton operation is required to initiate the re-transfer operation and
engine/generator shutdown. The pushbutton for manual re-transfer operation is included.
This is a Failsafe Feature.
30. Cranking Limiter
Provides an interrupt to the engine starting circuit that stops engine cranking if voltage
does not become available within the selected time.
32. Delayed Transition Transfer Modes for Open Transition Transfer Switches
Provides delayed transition transfer modes for an Open Transition transfer switch. Often
used in systems with inductive loads, a delayed transition transfer switch may prevent or
reduce inrush currents due to out of phase switching of inductive loads.
32A. Time Delay Neutral
Provides a time delay in the neutral position during the transfer and re-transfer operations
during which both Source 1 and Source 2 are disconnected from the load circuit.
The time delay is programmable and is the same for both transfer and re-transfer
operations. Adjustable 0 – 120 seconds.
32B. Load Voltage Decay

Provides load voltage measurement to sense back EMF that is generated when the
transfer switch is the neutral position. It provides a delay in transfer in either direction if
an unacceptable level is sensed as established by a programmed set point. Adjustable 2 –
30% of nominal voltage.
32C. In-Phase Transition with Default to Load Voltage Decay
Provides In-Phase transition, which is a feature that will permit a transfer or re-transfer
between 2 available sources that have a phase angle difference near zero. The In-Phase
transition feature includes permissible frequency difference and synchronization time set
points. In the event Source 1 and Source 2 fail to synchronize within the permitted
frequency difference and time, then the controller defaults to the Load Voltage Decay
operation as described in Feature 32B. Adjustable Frequency Difference 0.0 – 3.0 Hz.
Adjustable Synchronization Time Allowance 1 – 60 minutes.
32D. In-Phase Transition with Default to Time Delay Neutral
Provides In-Phase transition, which is a feature that will permit a transfer or re-transfer
only between 2 available sources that have a phase angle difference near zero. The In-
Phase transition feature includes permissible frequency difference and synchronization
time set points. In the event Source 1 and Source 2 fail to synchronize within the
permitted frequency difference and time, then the controller defaults to the Time Delay
Neutral operation as described in Feature 32A. Adjustable Frequency Difference 0.0 –
3.0 Hz. Adjustable Synchronization Time Allowance 1 – 60 minutes.
33. Shunt Trip
Provides a means for remote tripping of a power switching device. The shunt trip is wired
to a terminal block for customer connection. Shunt trip operating voltage must be
specified with order entry.
33A. Shunt Trip on Source 1
Provides shunt trip operation on the Source 1 power switching device.
33B. Shunt Trip on Source 2
Provides shunt trip operation on the Source 2 power switching device.
34. Logic Extender Cable
Provides logic extender cables with connectors which permit remote mounting of the
Automatic Transfer Controller in non-standard applications.
34A. 48 Inches (1219 mm)

Provides logic extension cable with connectors.
34B. 72 Inches (1829 mm)
34C. 96 Inches (2438 mm)
34D. 120 Inches (3048 mm)
34E. 144 Inches (3658 mm)
35. Pre-Transfer Signal
Provides a signal to a remote device prior to a re-transfer operation. The controller will
then delay the re-transfer operation until receipt of an authorization signal. If the
authorization signal is not received, then the controller will override and complete the re-
transfer operation after a time delay. Adjustable 1 – 120 seconds.
35A. Pre-Transfer Signal with 1 NO and 1 NC Contacts
Provides pre-transfer signal. Includes 1 NO and 1 NC contacts.
36. Load Shed from Emergency
Provides the capability for an external NC contact to initiate a load circuit disconnection
from the Source 2/Emergency power source. If the load circuit is connected to Source 2
and the contact is opened, then a re-transfer to Source 1 is completed if Source 1 is
available. If Source 1 is not available, then the transfer switch will transfer to neutral. If
the load circuit is connected to Source 1 and the contact is open, then a transfer Source
2/Emergency is prohibited. This feature is wired to a terminal block and is a wetted input
that does not require an external voltage supply.
37. Service Equipment Rated Transfer Switch
Provides the label “Suitable for use as Service Equipment” and the features necessary to
meet the requirements for the label. Includes service disconnect with visible indication
and neutral assembly with removable link. Feature 16B or 16N must be selected
separately.
37A. Service Equipment Rated Transfer Switch without Ground Fault Protection
Provides Service Equipment rating for an application that does not require ground fault
protection.
37B. Service Equipment Rated Transfer Switch with Ground Fault Protection
Provides Service Equipment rating for an application that requires ground fault
protection.
41. Space Heater with Thermostat
Provides a space heater and adjustable thermostat. External control power is not required.
41A. Space Heater with Thermostat — 100 Watt
Provides 100-watt space heater with an adjustable thermostat.
41B. Space Heater with Thermostat — 200 Watt
41C. Space Heater with Thermostat — 400 Watt
42. Seismic Certification
Provides a Seismic certified Transfer Switch with certificate for application is Seismic
Zone 4 under the California Building Code, the Uniform Building Code® and BOCA®.
45. Load Sequencing Capability
Provides the capability for sequential closure of up to 10 addressable relays after a

transfer. Each Addressable Relay provides (1) Form “C” contact. A single adjustable time
delay between each of the relay closures is provided. Operates via a sub-network.
45A. Load Sequencing Contact
Provides (1) addressable relay.
45B. Load Sequencing Contact

Provides (2) addressable relays.
45C. Load Sequencing Contact
45D. Load Sequencing Contact
45E. Load Sequencing Contact
45F. Load Sequencing Contact
45G. Load Sequencing Contact
45H. Load Sequencing Contact
45I. Load Sequencing Contact
45J. Load Sequencing Contact
47. Transfer Modes for Closed Transition Transfer Switches
Provides available transition transfer modes for a closed transition transfer switch. Closed
Transition is a “make before break” transfer and re-transfer scheme that will parallel (100
mS maximum) Source 1 and Source 2 providing a seamless transfer when both sources
are available. The closed transition feature includes permissible voltage difference,
frequency difference and synchronization time allowance set points. The phase angle
difference between the 2 Sources must be near zero for a permitted transfer.
47C. Closed Transition with Default to In-Phase Transition with Default to Load
Voltage Decay
Provides a closed transition transfer as the primary transfer mode. In the event Source 1
and Source 2 fail to synchronize within the permitted voltage difference, frequency
difference, phase angle difference and time, then the controller defaults to the In-Phase
Transition with Default to Load Voltage Decay operations as described in Features 32C
and 32B. Adjustable Frequency Difference 0.0 – 3.0 Hz. Adjustable Voltage Difference 1
– 5 percent V. Adjustable synchronization Time Allowance 1 – 60 minutes.
47D. Closed Transition
Provides a closed transition transfer as the primary transfer mode. Only under a failsafe
condition (i.e. loss of the connected source) will the controller transfer to the alternate
source using the Load Voltage Decay operation as described in Feature 32B. Adjustable
Frequency Difference 0.0 – 3.0 Hz. Adjustable Voltage Difference 1 – 5 percent V.
47E. Closed Transition with Default to In-Phase Transition with Default to Time
Delay Neutral
Provides a closed transition transfer as the primary transfer mode. In the event Source 1
and Source 2 fail to synchronize within the permitted voltage difference, frequency
difference, phase angle difference and time, then the controller defaults to the In-Phase
Transition with Default to Time Delay Neutral operation as described in Features 32D
and 32A. Adjustable Frequency Difference 0.0 – 3.0 Hz. Adjustable Voltage Difference 1
– 5 percent V. Adjustable synchronization Time Allowance 1 – 60 minutes.
48. Communication Modules
Provides Cutler-Hammer communications modules for the ATC-400, ATC-600 (IQ

Transfer), and ATC-800 (Closed Transition IQ Transfer) transfer switch controllers.
These controllers are PowerNet compatible devices. A separately mounted
communications module will enable the automatic transfer controller to be remotely
monitored, controlled and programmed via the network.
48A. Communications Module — IPONI
Provides an IPONI communications module.
48B. Communications Modules — IPONI and PMCOM5
Provides IPONI and PMCOM5 communications modules.

48C. Communications Module — IPONI, PMCOM5 and Null Modem Cable
Provides IPONI, PMCOM5 communications modules and null modem cable.
48D. Communications Module — EPONI
Provides EPONI communications module (10Base-T only).
48E. Communications Module — EPONI
Provides EPONI communications module (10Base-T and 10Base-FL).
Switch Configurations
Three basic types of transfer switches have been discussed up to this point:
 Non-automatic (manually operated)

 Non-automatic (electrically operated)
 Automatic
This section will concentrate on transfer switches with different configurations. In most
instances that means the switch performs in a certain manner for a specific type
application. There is a difference between a transfer switch type and its configuration.
Example : The type of switch would be one of the three types just outlined
(nonautomatic manual/electrical or automatic). The application could call for the switch
to perform in a certain way to accomplish its function. This means the switch must be
configured to do the job. The logic might be configured in a certain way, the switch
might be physically configured in a certain way, or it could be a combination of the two.
Even though the switch is configured a certain way for the application, it might be a non-
automatic type or an automatic type switch. These things are dependent upon the specific
design. All switch designs do not offer all the same choices.
In addition, previous discussions centered around fixed switching devices . Because

Cutler-Hammer utilizes SPB insulated case switches or insulated case circuit breakers as
the main switching devices in some designs, drawout switching devices are also
available. The transfer switch can, therefore, be configured as fixed or drawout.
The rest of this section will present brief explanations of a number of different switch
configurations:
 Open Transition
 Closed Transition
 Drawout
 Service Entrance
 Bypass Isolation
 Maintenance Bypass
Open Transition
An Open Transition Transfer (OTT) switch is also called a break-before-make switch. It

is configured in such a way that the power output is broken (interrupted) before the
transfer to the new source is made. There is a definite break in power as the load is taken
off one source and connected to another. While this type of transfer is simple, the time
delay between break and make creates an unacceptable power interruption for critical
loads, such as computers. For this reason, the OTT configuration is more appropriate for
less critical applications.
Typically, this type of switch uses voltage sensors and time delay circuitry to activate the
operation of the switching mechanism in the desired sequence. With automatic transfer
switches, the logic controls the operation. Whether the switch is transferring to the
Emergency Source or retransferring to the Normal Source, it operates in the same
sequence, break-before-make (Figure 16).
Figure 16. Open Transition Operation
Closed Transition
A Closed Transition Transfer (CTT) switch is also called a make-before-break switch.

There is no interruption in power to a critical load during transfer operations when both
power sources are available. When using this type of switch, both power sources are
connected to the load before the break occurs. This is true based on several huge
assumptions :
Assumption 1 - The two sources have the same voltage
Assumption 2 - The two sources have the same frequency

Assumption 3 - The two sources are synchronized
If the conditions outlined in the three assumptions do not exist, such as the Emergency
Source not even being up and running when the normal source is lost, the closed
transition transfer switch would act like the open transition switch. It would wait for the
Emergency Source to become available. It would then break from the Normal Source
first, followed by making with the Emergency Source. When the Normal Source is once
again available, it would operate as a closed transition transfer switch to retransfer to the
Normal Source. It would make with the Normal Source before breaking with the
Emergency Source, because both sources are the same and available. There would be no
interruption in power to the critical load. For equipment that cannot tolerate even a brief
loss of power as just described when the delayed transfer was made to the Emergency
Source, a back-up system, such as an uninterruptable power supply (UPS), would be
required in the system.
Finally, there is one additional application well suited to the Closed Transition Transfer
switch, testing of an emergency source . It permits the periodic testing of an emergency
source, such as a generator set, without interrupting power to the loads (Figure 17). The
generator set can be brought up and when it is monitored as an acceptable source, the
closed transition test can be conducted.
Figure 17. CTT Switch Used For Emergency Source Testing
Drawout
Cutler-Hammer drawout SPB transfer switches are intended for applications where
preventative maintenance, inspection and testing must be accomplished while
maintaining power continuity to the load (Figure 18). This is typically required in critical
life support systems and standby power situations that require safe maintenance of the
system without a power disruption. This type of configuration permits either of the two
power sources to be isolated, including operational logic, while maintaining power to the
load.
The drawout configuration is also well suited for several other special configurations,
such as service entrance and bypass isolation. These specialty configurations are
discussed in the next few paragraphs.
Figure 18. Cutler-Hammer Drawout SPB Transfer Switch
Service Entrance
Service entrance, as the name implies, is the point where power supplied by a utility
enters a facility. Just look at the point where power enters a house from the local utility
and goes directly into a load center, probably mounted on a basement wall. The incoming
power line first goes to a main disconnect, probably a circuit breaker. From there it
breaks down into many different circuits through any number of smaller circuit breakers
to supply power throughout the house. Industrial facilities, for example, are no different,
just on a larger scale.
When there is a loss of power from the utility at a house, everything electrical stops
functioning. That is the way it remains until the utility takes care of the problem and
restores power. A number of facilities, such as water, waste water treatment, pumping
station and many other industrial facilities cannot tolerate the loss of commercial power.
An emergency power source is necessary at any of these facilities to protect against
commercial power interruptions. In such a situation, it becomes necessary to have an
ATS as close as possible to the point where commercial power enters the facility, the
service entrance. The reason most likely is that every load at the facility is critical, and
must continue functioning, even though commercial power is lost.
There are two approaches that can be used for the installation of automatic transfer switch
equipment:
 Conventional ATS installation

 Cutler-Hammer ATS installation
A conventional ATS installation would normally be installed immediately downstream

of the service disconnect devices of both the utility and standby (emergency) power
supplies (Figure 19). This may not be the optimum installation location, but it is the best
that can be done with conventional ATS equipment.
A Cutler-Hammer ATS installation using circuit breaker type disconnects, such as the
SPB, and a service entrance option eliminates the need for separate upstream disconnect
devices and their respective power interconnections. This means the ATS is installed
directly at the point of service entrance (Figure 20). It does not get any better.
Figure 19. Conventional ATS Service Entrance Installation

Figure 20. Cutler-Hammer ATS Service Entrance Installation
Bypass Isolation
A bypass isolation switch is actually a manually operated nonautomatic transfer switch in

parallel with an electrically operated automatic transfer switch. The bypass isolation
switch is also sometimes referred to as a maintenance bypass switch. In the sense that
they both operate in a similar fashion to perform an isolation function, they are the same.
In reality, however, they were developed to perform somewhat different functions. The
maintenance bypass switch will be discussed later from an application standpoint. The
concentration here will be on the bypass isolation.
By design, the isolation of the automatic transfer switch is permitted for periodic
maintenance or repair while power to the load from either power source is maintained.
Because the bypass switch must carry the same load as the automatic transfer switch,
they must be rated the same with the same withstand and Interrupting ratings.
Once again, this type of equipment is often required in critical life support systems and
standby power situations requiring safe system maintenance without a power disruption.
A Cutler-Hammer SPB drawout type bypass isolation transfer switch provides a high
degree of flexibility by providing a number of bypass options.
Bypass Isolation Functionality
The Cutler-Hammer Bypass Isolation Switch has two operator panels with switches,
lights and key interlocks (Figures 21 and 22). This particular switch configuration
provides a high degree of functionality through a number of transfer switch bypass
possibilities.
Figure 21. SPB Type Bypass Isolation Switch
Figure 22. Bypass Isolation Switch Schematic
Consider the following possibilities and review the steps presented in Figures 23 and 24:
Figure 23. Transfer From Normal Switching Device To Normal Bypass Switching
Device, Steps 1-4
Figure 24. Transfer From Normal Switching Device To Normal Bypass Switching
Device, Steps 5-8
 NORMAL TO NORMAL BYPASS - The normal switching device is bypassed
and isolated.
 EMERGENCY TO EMERGENCY BYPASS - The emergency switching
device is bypassed and isolated.
 NORMAL TO EMERGENCY BYPASS - The normal switching device is
bypassed and isolated.
 EMERGENCY TO NORMAL BYPASS - The emergency switching device is
bypassed and isolated.
In addition, when the transfer switch is set to normal bypass, it can be operated manually
operated TO ACCOMPLISH THE FOLLOWING :
 NORMAL BYPASS TO EMERGENCY BYPASS - It can be manually

transferred to emergency bypass from normal bypass.
 EMERGENCY BYPASS TO NORMAL BYPASS - It can be manually
transferred to normal bypass from emergency bypass.
Maintenance Bypass
The maintenance bypass switch is similar to the just discussed bypass isolation switch in
that it performs an isolation type function.
This specific configuration is less involved than the just discussed bypass isolation
switch, since it is not required to perform as wide an array bypass activities. The Cutler-
Hammer maintenance bypass switch provides a simple and effective means for bypassing
uninterruptable power supplies (UPS) while maintaining continuity of power to critical
loads, such as computers (Figure 25). A maintenance bypass switch is required on every
UPS installation in order to accommodate the maintenance and testing of the UPS
system.
Figure 25. Schematic Of Maintenance Bypass With UPS System
Unauthorized bypass is prevented, since the UPS system must send the bypass an
authorizing signal to proceed.
Motor generator systems also frequently require a maintenance bypass. Although a motor
generator system is extremely reliable, it does require a significant amount of mechanical
moving parts maintenance. Bearings and couplings need to be greased and examined to
ensure proper functioning.
Selection Factors and Process
Automatic transfer switches may be located in the main or secondary distribution bus.
Therefore, the requirements for operating characteristics of transfer switch equipment are
different from those of branch circuit devices. Specifically, four major factors must be
given special consideration. An automatic transfer switch must have the ability to:
 Close against high inrush currents

 Interrupt current
 Carry full rated current continuously
 Withstand fault currents
Careful attention to the transfer switch selection process is important to ensure maximum
reliability and adequate capability under normal and emergency conditions. Main points
to consider are:
 Types of load to be transferred

 Voltage rating
 Continuous Current rating
 Overload and fault current withstand ratings
 Type of overcurrent protective device ahead of transfer switch
 Necessary capabilities of any required logic
Fortunately, many of the critical decisions are made ahead of time by a consultant or the
user. With most of the requirements outlined, making the proper selection from published
literature is the required task. Although selection information provided by a
manufacturer, such as Cutler-Hammer, is well thought out and presented, it still requires
a careful selection process to avoid unnecessary errors.
In this section, several specific selection issues will be discussed. The section will end
with the presentation of an overall Cutler-Hammer selection guide.
Withstand, Closing and Interrupting Ratings
Cutler-Hammer transfer switches have the industry’s highest withstand, closing and
interrupting ratings. In addition, the withstand, closing and interrupting ratings are
identical. This means that Cutler-Hammer transfer switches can be easily applied and
coordinated within a distribution system.
With other manufacturers, interrupting ratings are lower than their stated withstand and
closing ratings. This complicates coordination decisions and may necessitate oversizing
switches in order to handle the application.
Integral Overcurrent Protection
Cutler-Hammer transfer switch designs provide for the addition of integral overcurrent
protection within the transfer switch main contact assembly. Integral overcurrent
protection can help reduce initial equipment costs, cut installation time, and increase
system reliability (Figures 26 and 27).
A typical standby power system utilizing an engine generator as the emergency Back-up
Power supply would have to use a separately mounted circuit breaker on the standby
generator side to provide protection for the ATS and the interconnecting cable, if a
Cutler-Hammer transfer switch is not used with integral overcurrent protection. This is
similar to the situation discussed earlier under the Service Entrance topic. The use of
Cutler-Hammer transfer switch equipment for that application eliminated the need for a
separate upstream disconnect device.
Manual Transfer Under Load
Cutler-Hammer transfer switch equipment has the ability to manually transfer power
under full load conditions. It is desirable to be able to override the automatic controls of
the transfer switch to accomplish true manual transfer under full load conditions. One
example of this need is when control logic must be isolated for maintenance purposes. A
number of competitive transfer switch products explicitly prohibit manual power transfer
under load. Others strongly recommend that load circuits be de-energized prior to manual
operation. All transfer switch designs accommodate full load transfer automatically
(electrically). So what conditions change during manual operation that would preclude
transfer under load? Quick-break has the answer.
The phrase Quick-break implies quick, positive and complete disconnection of the main
power circuit contacts. The operation requires sufficient contact separation to insure
complete arc isolation and extinction. Many transfer switch manufacturers certify their
contact operation to be quick-break and quick-make contingent upon the speed of the
opening force achieved by an electrical operator. During true manual operation, however,
the electrical operator is disabled and opening of the main contacts is accomplished via a
manual operating handle and operating personnel. Any inherent weaknesses of the
transfer switch main contacts and transfer mechanism cause manufacturers to hedge their
bet when it comes to manual transfers under load. Cutler-Hammer transfer switches do
not need to offer any exceptions, since contact operation is true quick-break, quick-
make with no opportunity for contact teasing, regardless of the speed of manual
operation .
Catalog Numbering System
The Catalog Numbering System permits at-a-glance specification of custom Transfer

Switch configurations to meet all applicable requirements.
The Catalog Numbering System allows the specifier to generate a 15-digit catalog
number which represents ten basic style/feature categories:
 Type
 Orientation
 Logic
 Frame
 Switch
 Poles
 Ampere rating
 Voltage
 Enclosure type
 Listing
Each category is associated with a selection menu. By choosing the appropriate selection
from the menu for each category in sequence and incorporating the associated selection
code into the catalog number, the specifier constructs a unique catalog number which
describes the desired switch configuration.
The catalog number can then be modified through the addition of appropriate code
options.
Example:
Automatic Transfer Switch, ATC-600/IQ Transfer Controller, 480/277V, 60 Hz, 3-Phase,

4-Wire, 3-Pole, 600 Ampere, UL 1008 listed, NEMA 3R enclosure with Feature 613.
Specify Number: ATVIMDA30600XRU with Feature 613.

Glossary
Alternate Power
Also called back-up and critical power. If there is a normal power
source failure, emergency power can be supplied as an additional
source from the utility or an on site generation, from an engine-
generator set for example.
Alternative System
On-site power generation assets installed as a back-up to the normal
source or as a way to reduce energy bills. Surplus generating
capacity allows for power to be supplied back to the utility grid
(Cogeneration). For cogeneration to take place, the on-site asset
must run in parallel with the utility source.
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
Arcing
The effect generated when electrical current bridges the air gap
between two contacts or conductors
Automatically
Operated Mechanisms that do not require the intervention of operating
personnel.
Automatic Transfer
Switch (ATS) The ATS includes sensing circuits to detect when a power failure
occurs, and triggers logic to start the engine when the emergency
power source is an engine generator. When the generator reaches
the proper voltage and frequency, the switch automatically transfer
load circuits from the normal source to the emergency source.
When the normal source is restored, the switch re-transfers the load
circuits back to the normal source.
Back-up Power
See Emergency Power
Basic Transfer A design for use with customer furnished controls. Similar to an
Switch automatic transfer switch except intelligence and supervisory
circuits are omitted.
Circuit Breaker Transfer switches known as the circuit breaker type use specially
Type Switch designed switching devices that are typically molded /insulated
case switches. A molded case switch is like a molded case circuit
breaker without magnetic or thermal trip elements and does not trip
on overload or faults. Used when a compact, high capacity
disconnect is needed, and is held to a more rigorous testing
standard than the contactor type.
Closed Transition Power is maintained to the load throughout the transfer process to
the second power source. (Make before Break)
Contactor Type Transfer switches that use a contactor type design. The contactor
Transfer Switch type switches do not use motor starting/lighting type contactors. In
fact, contactor type transfer switches used circuit breaker design
contacts, arc chutes and arcing horns.
Continuous The amount of current a device can carry constantly at 60 cycles
Current without exceeding the temperature rise, according to ANSI charts.
Drawout A type of circuit breaker that can be moved into or out of its
structure without unbolting, often on a racking mechanism.
Electrically A version of the manually operated mechanism, but is electrically
Operated operated. Operating personnel must be present to initiate the
operation.
Electrically Similar to the manually operated version except that an electrical
Operated Non- operation feature is added to the switch. The switch electrically
automatic Transfer transfers power when a pushbutton, generally mounted on the
Switch enclosure, is activated. Can also be operated manually.
Emergency Power Also called alternate, back-up and critical power. If there is a
normal power source failure, emergency power can be supplied as
an additional source from the utility or an on site generation, from
an engine-generator set for example.
Emergency System A system legally required and classified by government
jurisdiction. Applies when loss of the normal power source would
be a hazard to safety or human life. Intended to automatically
supply illumination and/or power to designated areas and
equipment. Characterized by a transfer time of less than 10
seconds. (Hotels, Sports Arena's, Health Care)
Interrupting rating Also “Ampere Interrupting Capacity (AIC), a rating of the a mount
of current that a protective device can safely interrupt.
IQ Transfer A programmable microprocessor based monitoring device designed
specifically to use with transfer switches.
Legally Required A system legally required and classified by government
Standby System jurisdiction. These systems are intended to automatically supply
power to selected loads, other than those already classified as
emergency. Transfer time from the normal source to the emergency
source cannot exceed 60 seconds. (Refrigeration, Communications,
Smoke removal, Sewage disposal, Industrial processes)
Logic Panels Provides the intelligence/supervisory logic circuits necessary for
the switch and related circuit operations. There are three forms;
Electromechanical Relay, Solid State, Microprocessor-based.
Manually Operated Mechanisms requiring operating personnel to perform a function by
hand.
Manually Operated Provide all the mechanics to effect the transfer from source to
Non-automatic source. The actual transfer or power, however, is accomplished by
Transfer switch true hand operation of the transfer switch.
Manual Transfer Transferring from the normal to the back-up power source is done
Switch with a manually operated device. Operating personnel are readily
available and the load is not of a critical nature requiring immediate
restoration. Also called a Non-Automatic transfer switch.
Non-automatic See Manual Transfer Switch
Transfer Switch
Normal Power The power source used every day in non-emergency situations.
Also called the preferred source
On-site Generation Power is produced by the user, typically from an engine-generator
set (genset), located in their facility.
Open Transition Power is removed from the load before the transfer to the second
power source. (Break before Make)
Optional Standby Intended to protect public or private property or facilities, where
System life and safety do not depend on the system's performance.
Generally, on-site generated power is supplied to selected loads
automatically or manually. There is no time limit associated with
the transfer. (Commercial buildings, Farms, Residences)
Preferred Source See Normal Power
Service Entrance Equipment located at the point where power from the utility first
Equipment enters a facility.
Standby Power A power source other than that used everyday. Usually refers to a
power used with optional or alternative systems.
Step-Down A device used to change a voltage level to a lower voltage level.
Transformer
Stored Energy A mechanism used to overcome inherent forces opposed to the
insulated switch (circuit breaker) closing process, which stores
energy until it is needed to help open the breaker.
Transfer Switch A critical component of any emergency or standby power system.
When the normal (preferred) source of power is lost, the transfer
switch transfers from the normal source of power to the emergency
(Alternate) source of power. Operation of the transfer switch from
normal to emergency and back to normal can be a manual type
operation or an automatic type operation.
Transformer Panel Provides operating voltage to power the switch's motors, coils,
logic, etc.
Trip Unit Device that trips the operating mechanism in case of a short circuit
or overload condition.
Twin Stored This type of mechanism utilizes insulated case switches with true
Energy two step stored energy mechanisms as the switching devices. The
stored energy provides the mechanical motion to open and close the
two sets of main contacts.

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Welcome

A Note on Font Styles

Key points are in bold.

 An additional service from the utility supplying the normal power

Generation of emergency power using gasoline or diesel engine-generator sets on-site is

1. Emergency System - An emergency system is a system legally required and classified

What Is A Transfer Switch?

Non-Automatic (Manual) Transfer Switch

There are two types of non-automatic transfer switches:

Manually initiated, Electrically Operated Non-automatic Transfer Switches are similar

Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)

What Makes Up a Transfer Switch

 Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)

An automatic transfer switch consist of three basic components:

A non-automatic transfer switch (manually operated) consists of item 1 and a manual

A non-automatic transfer switch (electrically operated) has components similar to the

1. Molded case switch

Figure 6. Cut-away View Of Typical Cutler-hammer Molded Case Switch

Manually operated mechanisms require operating personnel to perform a function by

Automatically Operated mechanisms do not require the intervention of operating

 Unidirectional gear motor

1. Unidirectional Gear Motor - This type of mechanism transfers between power

1. 150 ampere to 1000 ampere switches - The Cutler -Hammer mechanism is a

2. Switches below 150 amperes - The Cutler-Hammer mechanism is a horizontally

Figure 8. Cutler-Hammer Vertical Design With

Figure 9. Cutler-Hammer Horizontal Design

Figure 10. Closeup Of Cutler-Hammer SPB Insulated Case Design

3. Single Solenoid - A single solenoid type mechanism utilizes an electrical solenoid

A common approach used to provide control power is to install a Step-Down Transformer

The logic panel included as part of a transfer switch provides intelligence/supervisory

Microprocessor-Based Logic - Microprocessor-based logic provides a far more

The ATC-600 is a programmable, microprocessor based monitoring device designed

IQ Transfer Standard And Optional Features Summary

Standard Features Optional Features

 Date, Time, and Reason for last 16

An automatic transfer switch has four major components:

Standards and Testing

1. This is the industry’s determination as to whether or not a particular transfer switch

A great number of components are involved in the installation of an auxiliary power

 National Electrical Code:

National Electrical Code (NEC)

The NFPA provides a number of very important and applicable standards:

 NFPA 99 - Requirements for emergency systems in health care facilities

Underwriter’s Laboratories, Inc. (UL)

UL has developed a comprehensive test standard for automatic transfer switches

 UL 1087 - Standard for molded case switches

It is important to know that UL utilizes two basic types of listing programs:

Re-examination only requires a continual physical re-examination of the components

Other Standards and Codes

Other applicable standards and codes as outlined by American National Standards

Molded Case Circuit Breakers (UL-489)

UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES TEST REQUIREMENTS

1. The tripping mechanism shall be enclosed to prevent tampering.

With Current Without Current Per Minute

Breaker Rating Test Circuit

Molded Case Circuit Breakers (UL-1087)

1. The instantaneous response release mechanism shall be enclosed to prevent

Ampere Rating Operations

With Current Without Current Per Minute

Transfer Switches (UL-1008)

UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES TEST REQUIREMENTS

Ampere Rating Operations

With Current Without Current Per Minute

Switch Rating Test Current Amps No. of Tests