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1 Wind Speed
1.1 Basic wind speed
The basic wind speeds have been worked out for 50 years return period. The basic
wind speed is based on peak gust velocity averaged over a short time interval of about
3 seconds and corresponds to 10 m height above mean sea level. The basic wind
speed for wind zone 4 is 47 m/s.
It is extreme value of wind speed over an average period of 10 minutes duration and is
to be calculated from basic wind speed by the following relationships:
Where k0 is a factor to convert 3 seconds peak gust speed into average speed of wind
during 10 minutes period at a level of 10 meters above ground. k0 is to be taken as
1.375.
Table:
Value of K2:
Category 1- Coastal areas; 1.08
Category 2- Normal cross country lines with very few obstacles; 1.0
Category 3- Urban built up areas areas; 0.85
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1.4 Design wind pressure
The design wind pressure on towers, conductors and insulators shall be obtained by
the following relationship:
where;
Where;
D = Diameter of conductor/groundwire, in m
Gc = Gust response factor depends on span, turbulence and height above the
Ground; for 400 m span and terrain category 1 and 40 m heigh tower
the Gc shall be 2.00.
Cdc = Drag coefficient, which is 1.0 for conductor and 1.2 for groundwire.
Where;
Cdt = Drag coefficient, which depends on the solidity ratios, 2.0 to 3.6
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1.7 Design wind load on Insulators
Where;
2 Foundation
This strength is the minimal design strength, which shall be confirmed from the cube
test.
3 Tower
3.1 Base width
The base width of the tower can be determined from the empirical formula:
Where;
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3.2 Inclination of main legs
Typical inclination of the tower legs (with vertical) for various voltages tower:
Up to 220 kV:
66 5.5
132 6.1
220 7.0
400 8.8
4 Construction period
4.2 Stringing
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