Blood and immunity (SL)

1. What is the function of phagocytic leucocytes?B

A. To form a barrier against infection.
B. To move to sites of infection and ingest microbes.
C. To divide by mitosis to produce more leucocytes.
D. To secrete platelets.
2. What types of agent cause the diseases listed in the table?A

3. Which of the following are barriers against the entry of pathogens into the body?B
I. Skin II. Mucous membranes III. Phagocytic leucocytes
A. I only B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
4. Why do antibiotics kill bacteria but not viruses? D
A. Antibiotics stimulate the immune system against bacteria but not viruses
B. Viruses have a way of blocking antibiotics
C. Viruses are too small to be affected by antibiotics
D. Viruses do not have a metabolism
5. Why are antibiotics effective against bacteria but not viruses?C
A. Viruses can hide inside host cells.
B. Bacteria are recognized as pathogens but viruses are not.
C. The enzymes of bacteria can be inhibited by antibiotics.
D. Viruses are resistant to antibiotics.
6. Which of the following is an effect of HIV on the human body?D
A. It reduces the number of erythrocytes in the blood
B. It reduces the number of platelets in the blood
C. It increases the amount of plasma in the blood
D. It reduces the number of lymphocytes in the blood
7. What effect does HIV have on the immune system?D
A. It prevents leucocytes from fighting bacteria by phagocytosis.
B. It causes excessive production of leucocytes in bone marrow.
C. It destroys antibodies produced by leucocytes.
D. It reduces antibody production by lowering the number of leucocytes.
8. Which curve shows the response of the immune system to a vaccine, followed by an infection?
B

9. What is transported by the blood?D

I. Carbon dioxide II. Antibodies III. Urea
A. I only B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
10. Which type of immunity usually results from vaccination?B
A. Active, natural B. Active, artificial C. Passive, natural
D. Passive, artificial

11. What is the difference between natural and artificial immunity?B

Natural Artificial
A. Uses a vaccine Uses synthetic antibodies
B. Response to an infection Response to a vaccination
C. Memory cells formed No memory cells formed
D. Only active immunity Only passive immunity
12. How can human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) get transmitted from one human to another?
B
I. By touching the skin of an infected person
II. Through drinking contaminated water
III. Through the exchange of body fluids
IV. From mother to child across the placenta
A. I and III only B. III and IV only C. I, III and IV only D. I, II, III and IV
13. Which of the following is correct for a pathogen? ✓= yes ✗ = noD
Can be a virus Can cause antibody re- Is antigenic
sponse
A. ✓ ✗ ✗
B. ✓ ✓ ✗
C. ✗ ✓ ✓
D. ✓ ✓ ✓

14. Which is the correct sequence of events during the phagocytosis of a bacterium by a leuco-
cyte?B
I. Food vacuole forms
II. Plasma membrane receptors detect antigen on the surface of the bacterium
III. Lysosomes fuse with the food vacuole
IV. Engulfs bacterium
A. II → II → IV → III
B. II → I → III → IV
C. II → IV → I → III
D. I → II → IV → III
15. What makes the skin a barrier to infectious diseases?A
A. Impermeable cells which are frequently replaced
B. Patrolling phagocytes
C. Cells coated in antibody molecules
D. Cells which secrete lysozyme enzyme
16. Plasmodium vivax is one of the protozoans that causes malaria. Malaria kills over 2 million
people each year. What is this protozoan?A
A. A pathogen B. An antigen C. A fibrinogen D. A mutagen
17. Against which diseases can immunisation give protection?D
A. All viral and some bacterial diseases.
B. Some viral but no bacterial diseases.
C. Some bacterial but no viral diseases.
D. Some bacterial and some viral diseases.
18. Huntington’s disease is a neurological disorder caused by the repetition of the amino acid
glutamine in the protein Huntingtin. The higher the number of repetitions of glutamine, the ear-
lier the onset of the disease. What type of disease is it?A
A. It is an inherited disease. B. It is a nutritional disease.
C. It is a sexually transmitted disease. D. It is a sex-linked disease.
19. The Rh+ antigen is found on the surface of red blood cells in people who are rhesus positive. A
rhesus negative woman gives birth to a rhesus positive baby. What is a possible explanation for
subsequent pregnancies triggering an immune response?B
A. Exposure to the Rh+ antigen in the first pregnancy triggered the development of specific
phagocytes that could attack the blood of a future Rh+ baby.
B. Exposure to the Rh+ antigen in the first pregnancy triggered the development of antibodies
that could attack the blood of a future Rh+ baby.
C. The mother’s immune system has been weakened by pregnancy.
D. Antibodies against the Rh+ factor from the fetus pass to the mother across the placenta.
20. Which statement is a feature of antibodies?C
A. Antibodies are pathogenic foreign substances.
B. Antibodies are produced by the bone marrow.
C. Antibodies are composed of polypeptides.
D. Antibodies kill bacteria but not viruses.
Blood, immunity, antibodies (HL)
1. What is required to produce monoclonal antibodies?
A. T-lymphocytes and oocytes
B. T-lymphocytes and early embryo cells
C. B-lymphocytes and tumour cells
D. B-lymphocytes and stem cells
2. What are two enzymes involved in the blood clotting process?
A. Thrombokinase and prothrombin B. Thrombin and thrombokinase
C. Fibrinogen and prothrombin D. Thrombin and fibrinogen
3. AIDS has many possible symptoms. Which feature is always present in AIDS sufferers?
A. Inactive antibodies
B. Reduced number of helper T-cells
C. Increased number of antibodies
D. Increased activity of phagocytic leucocytes
4. What are X, Y and Z in the production of monoclonal antibodies?

5. The diagram below shows the immune system identifying an infected cell Ina the body. What
is the structure labelled with I?

A. Antigen B. Antibody C. IgA D. IgM

6. What is the correct sequence of events during blood clotting?
A. Thrombin formation → clotting factor release → fibrin formation
B. Thrombin formation → fibrin formation → clotting factor release
C. Clotting factor release → fibrin formation → thrombin formation
D. Clotting factor release → thrombin formation → fibrin formation
7. Which cell destroys viral-infected cells?
A. Macrophage B. T-helper C. B-lymphocyte D. Cytotoxic T-cell
8. Which is a difference between cytotoxic T-cells and B-cells?
A. Only B-cells can produce memory cells.
B. Only B-cells can produce antigens.
C. B-cells attack pathogens and cytotoxic T-cells attack tumour cells.
D. B-cells produce antibodies and cytotoxic T-cells attack infected cells.
9. What is required to form a blood clot?
I. Platelets II. Clotting factors III. Antibodies IV. Fibrinogen
A. I and II only B. I, II and III only C. I, II and IV only D. I, II, III and IV
10. Which type of cell is responsible for secondary immune responses to a pathogen?
A. Cytotoxic T-cells B. Phagocytes C. Macrophages D. Memory cells
11. Monoclonal antibodies are produced by hybridoma cells. Hybridoma cells are formed by fus-
ing tumor cells with another cell type. What is this cell type?
A. Phagocytes B. B-cells C. Stem cells D. T-cells
12. Which of the following is/are necessary to produce monoclonal antibodies?
I. Tumour cells
II. Plasma (B) cells
III. Macrophages
A. II only B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
13. Which of the following explains clonal selection?
A. Memory cells are present at birth.
B. Antigens activate specific immune responses.
C. The body selects which antigens it will respond to.
D. People with similar genes respond to antigens in a similar way.
14. Which sequence of events correctly describes the destruction of pathogens in body tissues by
phagocytic leucocytes?
A. amoeboid motion →endocytosis →chemical recognition→enzymatic digestion
B. chemical recognition→amoeboid motion→enzymatic digestion→endocytosis
C. amoeboid motion→chemical recognition→enzymatic digestion→endocytosis
D. chemical recognition → amoeboid motion → endocytosis → enzymatic digestion
15. When a pathogen is ingested by a phagocyte, which event occurs first?
A. T-cell activation
B. Memory cell proliferation
C. Antigen presentation by the phagocyte
D. B-cell activation
16. A blood clot contains a network of protein. What is this protein?
A. Fibrin
B. Fibrinogen
C. Hemoglobin
D. Thrombin
17. What describes antigens?
A. They catalyze immune reactions.
B. They activate specific white blood cells.
C. They destroy bacteria but not viruses.
D. They are only produced by white blood cells.
18. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody consisting of folded polypeptide chains and a
bound carbohydrate group. Which level of structure would describe the 3D (three dimensional)
shape of any one of the chains?
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary
19. What is the function of the protein thrombin?
A. It is a hormone that stimulates the immune system.
B. It is an enzyme that is required for blood clotting.
C. It is a structural protein that heals a wound.
D. It is a protein secreted by platelets.
20. Which of the following events form the basis of immunity upon which the principle of vacci-
nation is based?
Clonal selection Production of memory cells Production of monoclonal antibodies Challenge and
response
A. no yes yes yes
B. no yes no yes
C. yes yes yes yes
D. yes yes no yes