Man, Microorganism and The Environment - ENVIROMENTAL HEALTH

Man,
Microorganism
& the Environment
B Y R A Y A N NE LA B R A -PE PI TO, MS N , R N
Learning Objectives
At the end of this discussion, students will be able to:

 Define environmental health.
 Explain the different elements of human environment and its
implication to society.
 Describe the environmental health indicators maintained by the
Public Health Nurse in the Philippines.
 Differentiate pollutants from each of the environmental elements.
 Cite Philippine laws and regulations related to environmental health.
What is Environmental Health
• is a branch of public health that
deals with the study of preventing
illnesses by managing the
environment and changing
people’s behavior to reduce
exposure to biological and non-
biological agents of disease and
injury.
Environmental Health
Man manipulates the environment, thereby prevent
contracting diseases.
Preventive Strategies (in the Man-
Disease Agent- Environment Triad)
1.) Change the people’s

behavior to manipulate the
environment and reduce their
exposure to biological and non-
biological disease agents e.g.
food safety practices
2.) Manipulate the environment to

prevent the presence and
production of disease agents e.g.
proper wastewater treatment.
3.) Increase man’s

resistance or immunity to
disease agents e.g. maternal
and child health programs
Expanded Program for
Immunization and Nutrition.
What is Environmental Sanitation?
• It is the study of all factors in man’s physical environment, which
may exercise a deleterious effect on his health, well-being and
survival. Included in these factors are the following:
• 1. Water sanitation • 8. Noise
• 2. Food sanitation • 9. Radiological protection
• 3. Refuse and garbage disposal • 10. Institutional sanitation
• 4. Excreta disposal • 11. Toxic chemical exposure
• 5. Insect vector and rodent control • 12. Stream pollution
• 6. Housing • 12. Climate change
• 7. Air pollution • 13. Natural disaster and calamities

Environmental and Occupational Health Office (EOHO)
under the Disease Prevention and Control a. Water quality surveillance

Bureau of the Department of Health is:
b. Evaluation of food establishments
1. responsible for the promotion of healthy
environment conditions and prevention c. Proper solid and liquid waste
management
of environment related diseases through
appropriate sanitation strategies d. sanitation of public places
including:
e. sanitation management of disaster areas
f. impact assessment of environmentally

critical projects
g. Enforcement of sanitation laws, rule,

regulations and standards
Environmental and Occupational Health Office (EOHO)
2. promotes and provides technical assistance on sanitation

programs geared towards the elimination and control of
environmental factors in disease transmission in all households
3. responsible for conceptualizing new programs or projects to

contend with the emerging environmentally related health problems
like Water for Life, Hospital Waste Management, Urban Health and
National Projects and Pasig River Rehabilitation Project
Solid Waste Management
TYPES OF WASTE:
1.) MUNICIPAL WASTE
2.) INDUSTRIAL WASTE
3.) HAZARDOUS WASTE
4.) HEALTH CARE WASTE

• Municipal waste
waste collected and treated by or for municipalities.
• Industrial waste
waste generated by manufacturing or industrial processes.
The types of industrial waste generated include cafeteria
garbage, dirt and gravel, masonry and concrete, scrap metals,
trash, oil, solvents, chemicals, weed grass and trees, wood and
scrap lumber, and similar wastes.
• Hazardous waste
waste with properties that make it dangerous or capable of
having a harmful effect on human health or the environment.
Hazardous waste is generated from many sources, ranging from
industrial manufacturing process wastes to batteries and may
come in many forms, including liquids, solids gases, and sludges.
• Health Care waste
4.1. Infectious wastes
4.2. Pathological wastes
4.3. Pharmaceutical wastes
4.4. Chemical wastes
4.5. Sharps
4.6. Radioactive wastes
4.1. Infectious wastes
solid wastes which may cause human disease and may
reasonably be suspected of harboring human pathogenic
organisms
• 4.2. Pathological wastes
Pathological waste is defined as any type of waste
consisting of human or animal body parts. That can include:
Organs, Tissues, Surgical specimens, Bodily fluids removed during
surgery or autopsy
• 4.3. Pharmaceutical wastes
any waste that contains medicinal drugs that are expired,
unused, contaminated damaged or no longer needed
• 4.4. Chemical wastes
Chemical waste is a waste that is made from harmful
chemicals considered as ignitable, corrosive, reactive and toxic
• 4.5. Sharps
comprises syringes, needles, lancets, broken glass and any
other materials that can pierce the skin
• 4.6. Radioactive wastes
material that contains, or is contaminated with,
radionuclides at concentrations or activities greater than
clearance levels including fluorine, technetium, iodine, strontium,
iridium, cobalt
Solid Waste Management (SWM)
• Priorities of SWM:
1. Closure of dumpsites
2. Establishment of material recovery facilities
RA 9003 : Ecological Solid Waste Management Act
• - provides a systematic, comprehensive and ecological waste

management program to ensure the protection of public health
and the environment.
• - It mandates the bureau to provide secretariat support to the
National Solid Waste Management Commission in the
implementation of the solid waste management plans and
prescribes policies to achieve the objectives of the National
Ecology Center that is in charge of information dissemination,
consultation, education and training of various local
government units on ecological waste management.
RA 9003 : Ecological Solid Waste Management Act
assist Local Government Units particularly in the
 development of their 10 yr. SWM Plan
 closure and rehabilitation of dumpsites
 establishment of Materials Recovery Facilities
 and an environmentally sound disposal system.

The issuance of Guidelines and provisions of technical support in

the establishment and operation of Waste To Energy facilities will
enhance the sustainability of disposal system for municipal
residual wastes to all provinces and highly urbanized areas.
• enhance the economic development of the country through:
 formalizing the waste collection and recycling
 promotion of job opportunities
 reduce reliance on imported oils and increased in power

generation.
Volume reduction at the source - first priority of SWM All LGUs shall
Sorting and segregation of biodegradable and non-

biodegradable wastes
Recycling Program (Eco-labeling, Reclamation, Buy Back

Mechanism)
PD 856 – Supplemental IRR on Chapter XVII on Sewage Collection

and Disposal and Excreta Disposal and Drainage of the Sanitation
Code of the Philippines
* it regulates and provides proper guidelines for LGUs and

establishments involved in the desludging, collection, handling
and transport, treatment, and disposal of domestic sludge from
cesspools, communal septic tanks, Imhoff tanks, domestic
sewage treatment plants/ facilities and septage from household
septic tanks
Sewage treatment plants
Hospital Waste Management
Hospital Waste Management Program
• Disposal of infectious, pathological and other wastes from

hospitals combined with municipal and domestic wastes
pose health hazards to the people.
• Very few hospitals have treatment facilities like incinerators or

disinfectants to prevent disease transmission.
• Most hospitals use the municipal refuse disposal system

(MRDS) for disposing hospital waste. Policies have been set
to prevent the risk of contracting nosocomial diseases.
Policies:
• All newly constructed/ authorized and existing government
and private hospitals shall prepare and implement a hospital
waste management (HWM) program as a requirement for
registration/ renewal of licenses.
• The use of appropriate technology and indigenous materials
for HWM system shall be adopted.
• Training of all hospital personnel involved in waste
management shall be an essential part of hospital training
program.
“We outsource the proper disposal of
all our biohazard waste to Davao City
Environmental Care, Inc., a firm that is
accredited and duly authorized by
the DENR on the proper disposal of
biohazard waste materials,” Chong
Hua said.
On Saturday, photos and videos of

medical trash such as used syringes,
kidney trays, several chemical bottles,
a tube containing a blood sample,
and several gloves were
photographed floating near the
shores of Barangay Ibo, Lapu-Lapu
City and posted on Facebook. The
photos immediatelsy went viral.
Some of the chemical bottles seen on

the photos still have stickers bearing
the name of the hospital where they
came from. /elb
Some methods of hospital waste disposal in hospitals:
Water Supply Sanitation Program
Goal: to increase the number of households having access to
safe water supply sources
• Handling water (from source to storage point, there could be

contamination
• Problems: disease contraction from old worn-out pipes
sucking sewage through cracks and joints of the pipes.
Environmental and Occupational Health Office (EOHO) sets
guidelines on:
A. Approved types of water facilities
B. Unapproved types of water facilities
C. Access to safe and potable drinking water
D. Water quality and monitoring surveillance
E. Waterworks/ Water system and well construction
1. Level I (Point Source)
• a protected well or a developed spring with an outlet but
without a distribution system, generally adaptable for rural
areas where the house is thinly scattered
• normally serves around 15 to 25 households and its outreach
must not be more than 250 meters from the farthest user
• yield or discharge is generally from 40 to 140 liters per minute
1. Level I (Point Source)
2. Level II (Communal Faucet System or Stand-Posts)
• composed of a source a reservoir, a piped distribution network
and communal faucets, located at nor more than 25 meters
from the farthest house
• designed to deliver 40-80 liters of water per capital per day to
an average of 100 households, with one faucet per 4 to 6
households
• generally suitable for rural areas where houses are clustered
densely to justify a simple piped system
2. Level II (Communal Faucet System or Stand-Posts)
3. Level III (Waterworks System or Individual House Connections)
• system with a source, a reservoir, a piped distributor network
and household taps
• generally suited for densely populated urban areas
• requires a minimum treatment or disinfection
3. Level III (Waterworks System or Individual House Connections)
C. Access to safe and potable drinking water
- all households shall be provided with safe and adequate water
supply
• Every municipality though is Rural Health Units (RHU) must formulate
an operational plan for quality and monitoring surveillance every
year using the area program based approach. Assistance may be
solicited from the CHDs in the regions and the EOHO.
• Require quality standards that meet the provisions of the National
Standards for Drinking Water set by the DOH
• The examination of drinking water shall be performed only in private
or government laboratories duly accredited by the DOH
• Certification of potability of an existing water source is issued by the
Secretary of Health or his duly authorized representative (local
health authority)
Disinfection of water supply sources is required on the following:
• newly constructed water supply facilities
• water supply facility that has been repaired or improved
• water supply sources found to be positive bacteriologically by lab
analysis
• container disinfection of drinking water collected from a water
facility that is subject to recontamination like open dug wells,
unimproved springs and surface water
• E. Waterworks/ Water system and well construction
• Well sites shall require the prior approval of the Secretary of Health or his duly
authorized representative.
• Well construction shall comply with sanitary requirements of the DOH
• Water supply system shall supply safe and potable water in adequate
quantity.
• Water shall be made readily available to consumers/ users preferably
through water piped directly to homes to minimize contamination and
encourage personal and home sanitation.
• Adequate pressure and volume shall be provided in the water system
distribution line. Where low pressures prevail in any section of the distribution
systems, no booster pump shall be allowed to boost water from the water
distribution pump.
Emergency Water Treatment
A. Community Water Treatment

B. Water Fluoridation
C. Household Water Treatment
A. Community Water Treatment
Most common steps in water

treatment are:
1. Coagulation and Flocculation
2. Sedimentation
3. Filtration
4. Disinfection
B. Water Fluoridation
• Community water fluoridation prevents tooth decay safely and
effectively. Water fluoridation has been named one of 10 great
public health achievements of the 20th century.
• Drinking fluoridated water keeps teeth strong and reduces
cavities (also called tooth decay) by about 25% in children and
adults. By preventing cavities, community water fluoridation
has been shown to save money both for families and for the US
health care system.

• Even though EPA regulates and sets standards for public
drinking water, many Americans use a home water treatment
unit to:
• Remove specific contaminants
• Take extra precautions because a household member has a
compromised immune system
• Improve the taste of drinking water

• Even though EPA regulates and sets standards for public
drinking water, many Americans use a home water treatment
unit to:
• Remove specific contaminants
• Take extra precautions because a household member has a
compromised immune system
• Improve the taste of drinking water
The most common types of household water treatment systems

consist of:
• Filtration Systems
A water filter is a device which removes impurities from water by
means of a physical barrier, chemical, and/or biological
process.
• Water Softeners
A water softener is a device that reduces the hardness of the
water. A water softener typically uses sodium or potassium ions
to replace calcium and magnesium ions, the ions that create
“hardness.”
• The most common types of household water treatment systems
consist of:
• Distillation Systems
Distillation is a process in which impure water is boiled and the
steam is collected and condensed in a separate container,
leaving many of the solid contaminants behind.
• Disinfection
Disinfection is a physical or chemical process in which
pathogenic microorganisms are deactivated or killed. Examples
of chemical disinfectants are chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and
ozone. Examples of physical disinfectants include ultraviolet
light, electronic radiation, and heat.
Air Purity
Air Purity
In accordance with the World Health Organization's guidelines,
the air quality in the Philippines is considered moderately unsafe.
The most recent data indicates the country's annual mean
concentration of PM2.5 is 18 µg/m3 which exceeds the
recommended maximum of 10 µg/m3.
Contributors to poor air quality in the Philippines include the

apparel and timber industry, petroleum refining, vehicle emissions,
and waste burning. Available data indicates that Manila has
consistently high levels of air pollution.
Air Purity
R.A. 8749: Philippine Clean Air Act- is a comprehensive air quality
management policy and program which aims to achieve and
maintain healthy air for all Filipinos.
DENR- Air Quality Management Section
• maintain a list of hazardous air pollutants and required control
measures
• Establish Ambient Air Monitoring Network, Emissions Inventory, Air
Quality Database and National Air Quality Status Report,
Designation of Airsheds
• As of 2018, there is a total of 22 airsheds in the Philippines, five of
which are geothermal airsheds which are specially designated
due to the presence of a geothermal plant in the area.
Air Purity
• An airshed is generally described as an area where the
movement of air, and air pollutants, can be hindered by local
geographical features such as mountains, and by weather
conditions. (Ex. Mountain valleys)
• Airsheds are areas with similar climate, meteorology and
topology which affect the interchange and diffusion of
pollutants in the atmosphere. Sub-areas with airsheds may have
similar air quality, and face similar problems, development
programs and prospects.
• R07 METRO CEBU AIRSHED: Cebu City, Mandaue City, Lapu-lapu
City, Talisay City, Naga, Minglanilla, Cordova, Compostela,
Consolacion
Air Purity
Important points in the IRR of the Clean Air Act:
• Incineration Prohibition
- incineration- burning of municipal, bio-medical and hazardous
wastes, which process emits toxic and poisonous fumes
• Thermal and non-burn technologies for the handling, treatment,
thermal destruction, utilization, and disposal of sorted, un-
recycled, un-composted, biomedical and hazardous wastes.
- Non-burn technologies are technologies used for the
destruction, decomposition or conversion of wastes other than
through the use of combustion and which comply with at least
one of the following conditions:
Air Purity
a) The environment within the destruction chamber is free of
Oxygen; or
b) Fire is not used within the destruction chamber; or
c) The source of heat is not fire; or
d) A heat-conducting material or medium, whether of a solid,
liquid, gaseous, sol or gel form, is used to destroy the waste.
Air Purity
Examples of Treatment Technologies that do not generate dioxins/ furans:
• NON-BURN THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES
1. Autoclave
2. Hybrid Steam Systems
3. Microwave units
4. Frictional Heat Treatment
5. Dry Heat Systems
• CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES
1. Alkaline Hydrolysis
Toxic and Hazardous Waste Control
R.A. 6969 : Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste
Control Act of 1990 –laws pertaining to toxic chemicals and
hazardous and nuclear wastes in the Philippines.
DENR duties:
• keep an updated inventory of chemicals that are presently being
manufactured or used
• require testing of chemical substances and mixtures to be tested
before they are manufactured or imported for the first time
• require testing of chemical substances and mixtures to be tested if
posing risk or injury to health and the environment
R.A. 6969 : Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste
Control Act of 1990 –laws pertaining to toxic chemicals and
hazardous and nuclear wastes in the Philippines.
DENR duties:
• evaluate the characteristics of chemicals that have been tested to
determine their toxicity and the extent of their effects on health
and the environment;
• conduct inspection of any establishment in which chemicals are
manufactured, processed, stored or held before or after their
commercial distribution and to make recommendations to the
proper authorities concerned
Food Safety
Food Safety
• FOOD SANITATION PROGRAM
Rapid change in eating habits> fast food establishments> risk for
food-borne infection due to unsanitary handling or preparation of
food
• POLICIES
Food establishments shall be appraised as to the following sanitary
conditions:
1. Inspection/ approval of all food sources, containers and transport
vehicles.
2. Compliance to sanitary permit requirements for all food
establishments.
Food Safety
• POLICIES
3. Provision of updated health certificate for food handlers, cooks
and cook helpers which include monitoring as to presence of
intestinal parasites, ascariasis, amoeba, etc.) and bacterial infection
(typhoid, cholera, dysentery, salmonella infections, etc.)
4. DOH’s Administrative Order no 1- 2006 requires all laboratories to
use Formalin Ether Concentration Technique (FECT) instead of the
direct fecal smear in the analysis of stools of food handlers. This will
enable labs to identify food handlers with parasitic infestations and
treat them before they are allowed to work in food establishments.
In this way, parasitism will be prevented from spreading through
ingestion of contaminated food and water.
Food Safety
• POLICIES
5. Destruction or banning of food unfit for human consumption.
6. Training of food handlers and operators on food sanitation.
7. Food establishments shall be rated and classified as follows:
Class A- Excellent
Class B- Very Satisfactory
Class C- Satisfactory
Food Safety
• POLICIES
8. Ambulant food vendors shall comply with the requirements as to
the issuance of health certificate which also include monitoring the
presence of intestinal parasite and bacterial infection.
9. Household food sanitation are to be promoted and monitored
and food hygiene education to be intensified through health
education and provision of IEC materials.
Food Safety
• 4 RIGHTS IN FOOD SAFETY
1. Right Source
2. Right Preparation
3. Right Cooking
4. Right Storage
Food Safety
1. Right Source
• Always buy fresh meat, fish, fruits, and vegetables.
• Always look at the expiry dates of processed foods and avoid
buying expired ones.
• Avoid buying canned goods with dents, bulges, deformation,
broken seals and improper seams.
• Use water only from clean and safe sources.
• When in doubt of the water source, boil water for at least 2
minutes (running boiling).
Food Safety
2. Right Preparation
• Avoid contact between raw foods and cooked foods.
• Always buy pasteurized milk and fruits juices.
• Wash vegetables well if to be eaten raw such as lettuce,
cucumber, tomatoes and carrots.
• Always wash hands and kitchen utensils before and after
preparing food.
• Sweep kitchen floors to remove food droppings to prevent the
harbor of rats and insects.
Food Safety
3. Right Cooking
• Cook food thoroughly and ensure that the temperature on all
parts of the food should reach 70 degrees centigrade.
• Eat cooked food immediately.
• Wash hands thoroughly before and after eating.
Food Safety
4. Right Storage
• All cooked food should be left at room temperature not more than
two hours to prevent multiplication of bacteria.
• Store cooked foods carefully. Be sure to use tightly sealed
containers for storing food.
• Be sure to store food under hot conditions (at least or above 60
degrees C) or in cold conditions (below or equal to 10 degrees C).
This is vital if you plan to store food for more than 4-5 hours.
Microbial organisms easily multiply within the 10-60 degrees C
temperature.
Food Safety
4. Right Storage
• Foods for infants should always be freshly prepared and not to be
stored at all.
• Do not overburden the refrigerator by filling it with too large
quantities of warm food.
• Reheat stored food before eating. Food should be reheated to at
least 70 degrees C.
Food Safety
RULE IN FOOD SAFETY:

WHEN IN DOUBT, THROW IT OUT!
Sanitation
Sanitation: Proper Excreta and Sewage Disposal
Under utilization of sanitary toilets > mothers allowing children to
remove bowel elsewhere despite toilets at home
• Approved types of toilet facilities:
1. Level I
• Non-water carriage toilet facility- no water is necessary to
wash the waste in to the receiving space. Examples are pit
latrines, reed odorless earth closet
• Toilet facilities requiring small amount of water to wash the
waste into the receiving space. Examples are pour flush toilet
and aqua privies
PIT LATRINE
AQUA PRIVIES/ water-seal

2. Level II
• On-site toilet facilities of the water
carriage type with water-sealed and flush
type with septic vault/ tank disposal
facilities
3. Level III
• water carriage types of toilet facilities connected to septic tanks
and/or to sewerage system to treatment plant
• In rural areas, the blind drainage type of wastewater collection
and disposal facility shall continue to be the emphasis until such
time that sewer facilities and off-site treatment facilities shall be
made available to clustered houses in rural areas.
• Conventional sewerage facilities are to be promoted for
construction in poblacions and cities to attain control and
prevention of fecal-water-borne diseases.
Built Environments
Built Environnments
Philippine Green Building Code (PD 1096) seeks to improve
the efficiency of building performance by adopting measures
that promote resource management efficiency and site
sustainability while minimizing the negative impact of
buildings on human health and the environment.
The Code proposes a set of standards which apply to

efficient use of resources, site selection, planning, design,
construction, use, occupancy, operation and maintenance.
Built Environnments
• The Green Building Code shares the following principles:
• 1) the technical professionals, developers, contractors, property
managers and building owners involved in the planning, design,
construction and management of buildings have the opportunity to
help government address the adverse effects of climate change by
ensuring that buildings are planned, designed, constructed,
operated and maintained to the required efficiency level;
• 2) resources must be used efficiently to equitably meet the
developmental and environmental needs of the present and future
generations;
• 3) occupants of green buildings will benefit from improved indoor
environmental quality which promotes higher productivity and
better comfort.
Built Environnments
• Types of Building Constructions:
1. Type I – wood construction.
2. Type II – wood construction with protective fire-resistant
materials
3. Type III – masonry and wood construction
4. Type IV –steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction with
fire-resistive walls, ceilings, and permanent partitions
5. Type V – fire-resistive, made of steel, iron, concrete, or
masonry construction
THANK YOU!
Bibliography
Department of Environment and Natural Resources. (1992). Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act 6969. Retrieved from
https://www.env.go.jp/en/recycle/asian_net/Country_Information/Law_N_Regulation/Philippines/DAO%201992-29.pdf
Implementing Rules and Regulations of the Philippine Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. (2000). Retrieved from Environmental Alliance Worldwide:
https://www.elaw.org/content/philippines-implementing-rules-and-regulations-philippine-ecological-solid-waste-managemen-0
List of Airsheds in the Philippines. (2021, August 28). Retrieved from Department of Environment and Natural Resources- Air Quality Management Section:
https://air.emb.gov.ph/list-of-airsheds-in-the-philippines/
National Building Code of the Philippines. (n.d.). Retrieved from Department of Public Works and Highways:
https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/references/laws_codes_orders/national_law
Noncommunicable disease. (2021, April 13). Retrieved from World Health Organization: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases
Non-Communicable Disease Cluster. (n.d.). Retrieved from Department of Health: https://ro12.doh.gov.ph/index.php/programs-projects/non-communicable-disease
Philippines General Health Risks: Air Pollution. (2020, April 16). Retrieved from International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers:
https://www.iamat.org/country/philippines/risk/air-pollution#
Solid Waste Management Program. (2019, January 11). Retrieved from Department of Environment and Natural Resources: https://www.denr.gov.ph/index.php/priority-
programs/solid-waste-management
The Philippine Clean Air Act. (2003, August). Retrieved from Department of Environment and Natural Resources: https://air.emb.gov.ph/the-philippine-clean-air-act/
Water Treatment. (2015, january 20). Retrieved from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/public/water_treatment.html

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Man,

At the end of this discussion, students will be able to:

1.) Change the people’s

2.) Manipulate the environment to

3.) Increase man’s

• 1. Water sanitation • 8. Noise

• 2. Food sanitation • 9. Radiological protection

• 3. Refuse and garbage disposal • 10. Institutional sanitation

• 4. Excreta disposal • 11. Toxic chemical exposure

• 5. Insect vector and rodent control • 12. Stream pollution

• 6. Housing • 12. Climate change

• 7. Air pollution • 13. Natural disaster and calamities

under the Disease Prevention and Control a. Water quality surveillance

f. impact assessment of environmentally

g. Enforcement of sanitation laws, rule,

2. promotes and provides technical assistance on sanitation

3. responsible for conceptualizing new programs or projects to

1.) MUNICIPAL WASTE

2.) INDUSTRIAL WASTE

3.) HAZARDOUS WASTE

4.) HEALTH CARE WASTE

RA 9003 : Ecological Solid Waste Management Act

• - provides a systematic, comprehensive and ecological waste

RA 9003 : Ecological Solid Waste Management Act

assist Local Government Units particularly in the

 development of their 10 yr. SWM Plan

 closure and rehabilitation of dumpsites

 establishment of Materials Recovery Facilities

 and an environmentally sound disposal system.

The issuance of Guidelines and provisions of technical support in

• enhance the economic development of the country through:

 formalizing the waste collection and recycling

 promotion of job opportunities

 reduce reliance on imported oils and increased in power

Sorting and segregation of biodegradable and non-

Recycling Program (Eco-labeling, Reclamation, Buy Back

PD 856 – Supplemental IRR on Chapter XVII on Sewage Collection

* it regulates and provides proper guidelines for LGUs and

• Disposal of infectious, pathological and other wastes from

• Very few hospitals have treatment facilities like incinerators or

• Most hospitals use the municipal refuse disposal system

On Saturday, photos and videos of

Some of the chemical bottles seen on

• Handling water (from source to storage point, there could be

A. Community Water Treatment

A. Community Water Treatment

Most common steps in water

C. Household Water Treatment

C. Household Water Treatment

The most common types of household water treatment systems

Contributors to poor air quality in the Philippines include the

RULE IN FOOD SAFETY:

AQUA PRIVIES/ water-seal

The Code proposes a set of standards which apply to

Non-Communicable Disease Cluster. (n.d.). Retrieved from Department of Health: https://ro12.doh.gov.ph/index.php/programs-projects/non-communicable-disease

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