Tutorial 1: Introduction to CAM, NC, and CNC

Define CAM, CAD, and CAE.

CAM
Use of software and computer-controlled machinery for automated manufacturing
processes is referred to as Computer Assisted Manufacturing (CAM).

CAD
is the process of creating, modifying, analysing, or optimising a design with the help
of computers (or workstations).

CAE
Using computer software to simulate performance, computer-aided engineering
(CAE) helps a wide range of industries improve product designs or solve engineering
problems. Products, processes, and manufacturing tools can all be simulated,
validated, and optimised in this way.

Discuss four (4) advantages and disadvantages of CAM.

Advantage of CAM
-Fast and accurate production
-Machines can run constantly on repetitive tasks
-Offers intelligent toolpaths that reduce cycle times
-Simulation can reduce the waste of materials

Disadvantage of CAM
-Materials will be waste if the software have flaws
-Computer errors are possible.
-Needs a skilled workforce of engineers
-Expensive to set up

What is Numerical Control (NC)?

The NC, or numerical control, is a typical feature in machine tools. Numerical control
is a type of programmable automation that uses numbers, letters, and symbols to
control the operation. This programmable automation is employed to run the
machines in the case of the machine tools.

How does the structure of NC/CNC machine tools differ from conventional
machine tools?
In both cases, a raw piece of metal or plastic is fed into a CNC machine and then
shaped into a final product. The fundamental difference between the two machines is
the automation of the CNC vs the manual nature of the conventional machine. CNC
machining has a number of advantages over traditional machining in terms of speed,
production, and accuracy. Large-scale production necessitates the use of CNC, which
is more expensive for smaller runs. It takes a CNC machine three tools and less time
to cut parts, whereas a conventional machine requires five tools and more time.

Classify CNC machines tools based on

i) Types of motion control

- Contouring systems
- Point to point systems

ii) Programming method

- manual programming
- machine (semi-automatic and automatic) programming
- graphical programming simulation process of slicing

iii) Types of controllers

- Open loop system
- Closed loop system

State advantages and disadvantages of CNC machine tools

Advantages
-When using a CNC machine, it is only necessary to turn it off from time to time for
routine maintenance.
-Updating CNC machines is as simple as making software improvements to the
machines themselves.
-Unlike manual lathes, milling machines, etc., which necessitate skilled engineers,
less competent/trained persons can run CNC machines.
Disadvantages
-There is a price difference between CNC machines and manual machines, however
the costs are steadily decreasing.
-There is no requirement for advanced training or skills for a CNC machine operator.
Years of training were required to run centre lathes and milling machines back in the
day. Thus, many of the previous generations' expertise will be lost.

Briefly explain the difference between NC and CNC machine

When a machine is controlled by a computer programme, it is referred to as an NC
machine. With the help of a computer programme written in alphanumeric data, a
CNC machine is able to control the movement of the workpiece and the tool.

Explain the basic component of NC system.

Controlling production processes with machine tool numerical instructions is known
as numerical control (NC). NC is a form of programmable automation in which the
process is managed by means of numerical, alphabetical, or graphical input.