Lecture 3 – Layout tools (ii)

Objectives: After attending this lecture, students should be able to:

a) understand and use the various layout tools to do layout works.

i) Prick punch
- Used to mark the location of holes after the lines have been scribed.
- Prick punch marks are placed along a layout line to serve as a guide so that machinist
can readily tell if the work is being machined correctly as layout lines an be rubbed off
or are difficult to see.
- Has a sharp point ground to an included angle of from 30 to 60 degrees.
- It is the first punch used after laying out lines on the workpiece.
- The punch is tapped just enough to make a small indentation or prick-punch mark.

ii) Centre punch

- The point is ground to an angle of 90 degrees.
- To enlarge the prick punch mark so a drill can be started accurately and easily.

8. Hermaphrodite caliper
- As shown below.

- Having one curved leg and one straight leg.

- Straight leg has a point so it can be used as a scriber.
- Used to
a) locate centres of cylindrical work,
b) scribe lines on a block parallel to its side.
- The following diagrams show its applications:

9. Vernier height gauge

- As shown below:

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- Expensive precision instrument.
- Used to measure or lay out height dimensions to a thousand of an inch.
- Is always used on a precision surface plate or the table of a machine tool.
- The movable jaw holds a flat scriber point for laying out lines.

10. Dividers
- As shown below:

- Used like a compass to lay out circles or arcs and to space holes or other dimensions.
- Used primarily to scribe the size and location of holes to be drilled.
- A spring-type divider is the most widely used.
- The point of the divider should always be kept sharp and of the same length.

11. Surface gauge

- Is a layout tool.
- Consists of a base, an upright spindle, and a scribe as shown below.

- The spindle is attached to a rocker arm that fits into the base.
- An adjusting screw on the rocker arm makes it possible to obtain
Fine adjustments after the approximate setting has been made.
- The scriber is attached to the upright or spindle and can be moved or adjusted to any
position around or along the spindle.
- The scriber point may be set to various dimensions for laying out lines by placing a
combination square on the surface plate with the steel rule set down against the plate.
- The square head holds the rule vertically, while the scriber of the surface gauge is set to
the rule.
- Then the dimension is transferred by the surface gauge to the workpiece.
- The following diagram shows the process mentioned above.

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