ENGLISH PAPER

HEALTHY HOSPITAL SANITATION

COMPILED BY

GROUP 2

1. Adistya Yora ( 211110002 )

2. Alghifari Syaputra ( 211110003)
3. Aviqi Elsa Azzahra ( 211110004 )
4. Habibullah Rahman ( 211110010 )
5. Ria Amelia Putri ( 211110028 )
6. Sarah Edisti ( 211110032 )
7. Yoga Afrianda (211110039)

GUIDANCE LECTURER

Jamaris, S.Si, M.Si

D3 SANITATION STUDY PROGRAM

DEPARTEMEN OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

HEALTH POLYTECHNIC OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH PADANG

2022
 FOREWORD

By giving praise and gratitude to Allah SWT for His blessings, the Social and Political Science
paper entitled "Hospital Sanitation" can be completed on time.

It is hoped that this paper can provide and add knowledge to the students and society in general.

We hope for criticism and suggestions as well as input from readers and from various parties to
improve the paper, so that this paper can be more useful for Stikes Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin
students in particular and society in general.

Padang, 07 February 2022

Group 2

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background

Hospital is a public place that has parts that can be a breeding ground for vectors.
Considering the hospital as a health service facility and a gathering place for sick people
and healthy people, the hospital environment must be vector-free so that there is no
contact between humans and vectors or food and vectors so that nosocomial infectious
diseases transmitted by vectors can be high. as low as possible and not contracting other
diseases spread by vectors.
To avoid contact between humans / patients in hospitals with vectors and prevent disease,
vectors are indispensable in hospitals. In order for these activities to be carried out, vector
control in hospitals is needed.
Judging from the aesthetic value, the presence of vectors will describe an environment
that is not maintained, dirty, damp, lack of lighting, as well as indications of poor
management / management of the cleanliness of the home environment.
Given the magnitude of the negative impact due to the presence of vectors in hospitals,
hospitals must be limited to these animals.
As a step in an effort to prevent the possibility of disease and to prevent unexpected
social and economic losses, it is necessary to develop vector control guidelines in
hospitals.
In its implementation, hospital sanitation on time is narrow, namely only
housekeeping such as building cleanliness, bathrooms and toilets, food and beverage
services. There are also people who think that hospital sanitation is just a waste of effort
and is not directly related to health services in hospitals. So it is often done under the
pretext of lack of development and maintenance funds, there are hospitals that do not
have maintenance, even if there is a sanitation problem. They prioritize the completeness
of medical equipment and specialist personnel. On the other hand, with the influx of

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 foreign and private investment in hospitals, many hospitals are now competing to present
their image through state-of-the-art buildings, state-of-the-art medical equipment and
specialist doctors who meet the requirements, but do not pay attention to the sanitation
aspect. For example, many large hospitals do not have wastewater treatment facilities and
incinerators and hand washing facilities are inadequate or the waste disposal system is
not clean. If this is allowed to drag on, it will endanger the community, both in the form
of cross-infection in hospitals and adverse effects on the environment and the wider
community. From various studies, it is known that the incidence of infection in hospitals
is related to hospital conditions that are not. For this reason, if the hospital is to become a
self-funded institution, the sanitation aspect needs to be considered. Because in addition
to preventing the occurrence of adverse effects on the environment, it can also be
economically profitable. It is ironic that the hospital, as a place of healing, becomes a
source of disease transmission and environmental pollutants.

B. Questtions Of The Problem

The problems in this paper are:
1. What is the meaning of hospital sanitation?
2. What is the effect of hospital sanitation on the environment?
3. Impact of Hospital Waste on the Environment and Health?
4. How is Medical Waste Management in Health Service Facilities?
C. Purpose

The purposes of writing this paper are:

1. understanding of hospital sanitation.

2. the effect of hospital sanitation on the environment.

3. The Impact of Hospital Waste on the Environment and Health?

4. How is Medical Waste Management in Health Service Facilities?

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Definition of Hospital Sanitation

Sanitation, according to the Indonesian dictionary is defined as 'health care'.

According to WHO, environmental sanitation is an effort to control all human
physical environmental factors that may be caused or can cause things that are
detrimental to physical development, health and human survival.

Within the scope of the hospital, sanitation is an effort to monitor various physical,
chemical and biological environmental factors of the hospital that cause or may have
a negative impact on health workers, visitors and the community around the hospital.
From the above understanding, hospital sanitation is an effort and an inseparable part
of the health care system in hospitals in providing the best service and patient care,
because the purpose of hospital sanitation is to create hospital environmental
conditions to keep it clean, comfortable, and safe. prevent cross infection and do not
tell the environment. Sanitation in industry and factory
Industrial hygiene and sanitation is a preventive or preventive effort that needs to be
carried out in every industry and factory to maintain and maintain environmental health
and control environmental factors that arise in the workplace or industry that can cause
workers to experience health problems.

B. The Effect of Hospital Waste on the Environment and Health

Waste generated by health service activities, especially hospitals, if not handled

properly will explain the environment. Various important efforts are made, so that
hospital waste management can be carried out optimally, so that the community can be

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protected from the dangers of environmental pollution and infectious diseases
originating from hospital waste.

The main characteristic of hospital waste is the presence of medical waste (because
apart from medical waste, hospitals also produce liquid waste). Non-medical waste is
waste generated from activities in hospitals other than medical originating from
kitchens, offices, parks, and yards and others. Medical waste is waste originating from
medical service activities. Various types of medical waste generated from hospitals and
other medical service units can be dangerous and cause health problems, especially
during collection, storage, handling, disposal and disposal and destruction.

According to WHO, several types of hospital waste can carry a greater risk to health,
namely liquid waste (15% to 25%) of the total hospital waste. Among this liquid waste
is sharp object waste (1%), body part waste (1%), medicine and chemical waste (3%),
radioactive waste and poison or broken thermometer (<1%).

Basically hospital waste is all waste generated by hospital activities and other
supporting activities. Hospital waste can be in the form of solid, liquid, and gas
produced from the activities of patient diagnosis, disease prevention, treatment,
research on humans and laboratories.

Hospital waste is all waste generated from hospital activities consisting of medical and
non-medical waste Medical waste is waste consisting of infectious waste, pathological
waste, sharp object waste, pharmaceutical waste, cytotoxic waste, chemical waste,
radioactive waste, pressurized metal waste, and waste with a high weight content.

Some of the effects caused by the presence of hospital waste, in particular on

environmental quality degradation and on, among other things, health and aesthetic
problems, mainly due to the color that comes from sediment, solution, phenol odor,
smell of feces, urine and vomit that are not placed properly. good and taste of organic
chemicals. The appearance of a hospital can have a psychological effect on service
users, because there is a bad impression due to waste that is not handled properly

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C. Medical Waste Management in Health Service Facilities

Hospital medical waste can also cause property damage. Can be caused by dissolved
salts (corrosive, rust), muddy water can degrade the quality of buildings around the
hospital. In addition, hospital waste causes disturbance or damage to plants and animals.
This is mainly due to nitrate compounds (strong acids, bases and salts), chemicals,
disinfectants, certain nutrient metals and phosphorus.

Regarding human health problems, hospital medical waste is mainly caused by various
types of bacteria, viruses, chemical compounds, disinfectants, and metals such as Hg,
Pb, Chrom and Cd from the dentistry department. Health problems that can become
direct disturbances are the effects caused by direct contact with the waste, for example,
waste that can injure the body and waste containing pathogenic germs so that disease
and disturbance cannot be felt by the community, both those living around the hospital
and those living in the vicinity of the hospital. often pass through the source of waste
caused by the process of decomposition, combustion and disposal of such waste.

Hospital medical waste can also cause genetic and reproductive disorders. Although the
disturbance is not yet fully known with certainty, some compounds can cause genetic
disturbances or damage to the human reproductive system, such as pesticides (to
eradicate mosquitoes, cockroaches, rats and insects or other nuisance animals) and
radioactivity.

Hospital medical waste can also cause cross-infection. Medical waste can be a vehicle
for the spread of disease-carrying microorganisms through a cross-infection process,
either from patient to patient, from staff to staff or from staff to patients. In the
environment, there is the possibility of the release of waste into the groundwater,
surface water and air water, causing environmental pollution due to hospital waste.

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Economically, finally from some of the losses above to economic losses, both for
operational and maintenance costs, there is a decrease in coverage and also the need for
environmental compensation costs. People whose health is disturbed due to
environmental pollution, especially when they are disabled or die, need medical
expenses and health workers, which means the socio-economic burden of the sufferer,
his family and the community.

1. inspection

One way to increase the level of compliance of a health facility is to carry out
supervision and monitoring (inspection). Supervision and Supervision is a monitoring
activity so that the management of health facilities complies with all provisions of
environmental regulations and requirements (quality standards, thresholds) for waste.
Therefore, routine and programmed supervision and monitoring activities must be
carried out in an integrated manner and followed up with concrete steps, namely giving
praise (appreciation) for those who obey and sanctions for those who violate. So that
the manager of health service facilities can increase the willingness and ability to
implement all applicable provisions.

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 CHAPTER III

A. Conclusion
Hospital sanitation is an effort and an inseparable part of the health care system in
hospitals in providing the best service and patient care, because the purpose of hospital
sanitation is to create hospital environmental conditions to keep it clean, comfortable, and
can prevent cross-infection and does not pollute the environment.

B. Suggestion
Let’s start maintaining cleanliness in the hospital environment and the surrounding
environment by implementing a healthy and clean lifestyle.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://anasgrets.blogspot.com/2012/10/makalah-sanitasi-rumah-sakit.html?m=1