SCLP SAMAJ SCHOOL A-LEVEL AND COLLGE

Chemistry
International Advanced Subsidiary
Unit 1: Structure, Bonding and Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Answer all questions.

Wednesday 30th September, 2020

TIME: 1 Hour

NAME……………………………………………Group……. Signature……………………
Do not re-write questions.

WhatsApp a pdf file of your answers to me.

Images send will not be marked.

 SECTION A (20 MARKS)
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
1. The sketch graph below shows the trend in first ionization energies for some elements in
Periods two and three.

Select, from the elements A to D, the one that

(a) Has atoms with five p electrons. (1)

(b) Is a member of Group 3? (1)

(c) is likely to be very unreactive. (1)

(d) Normally forms four covalent bonds per atom. (1)

2. Which of these ions has the greatest ability to polarize an anion? (1)

A Ba2+

B Ca2+

C Cs+

D K+

1
3. A sample of gas was prepared for use in helium-neon lasers. It contained 4 g of helium and 4 g of
neon. What is the ratio of helium atoms to neon atoms in the sample? (1)

A1:1

B 2.5 : 1

C1:5

D5:1

4. The electronegativities of four pairs of elements are given below. Which pair would form the
compound with the greatest ionic character? (1)

A 0.7 and 4.0

B 0.7 and 3.5

C 1.0 and 4.0

D 0.8 and 2.8

5. Ethanol (molar mass 46 g mol–1) is manufactured by the hydration of ethene (molar mass 28 g
mol–1):

C2H4 + H2O → C2H5OH

In a typical process 28 tonnes of ethene produces 43.7 tonnes of ethanol. The percentage yield
of ethanol in this process is (1)

A 64%

B 95%

C 100%

D 156%

6. What is the total number of electrons in the covalent bonds in a beryllium chloride molecule,
BeCl2? (1)

A2

B4

C6

D8

2
7. Which of the following molecules is linear? (1)

A CO2

B C2H4

C H2O

D NH3

8. 1 How many molecular ion peaks (parent ion peaks) occur in the mass spectrum of 1,2-
dibromoethane, CH2BrCH2Br?

Assume the only isotopes present are 1H, 12C, 79Br and 81Br. (1)

A1

B2

C3

D4

9. Which of the following could represent successive ionization energies, in kJ mol–1, for the Group
2 element strontium (Sr)? (1)
A 1350 2370 3560 5020

B 400 2650 3850 5110

C 550 1060 4120 5440

D 640 1180 1980 6000

10. Which pair of ions is isoelectronic? (1)

A Ca2+ and O2–

B Na+ and O2–

C Li+ and Cl–

D Mg2+ and Cl–

11. A drop of sodium manganate(VII) solution is placed at the centre of a piece of moist filter paper
on a microscope slide. The ends of the paper are clipped to a 30 V DC power supply. After a few
minutes, (1)

A a purple colour has moved towards the positive terminal.

B a purple colour has moved towards the negative terminal.

C an orange colour has moved towards the positive terminal.

D an orange colour has moved towards the negative terminal.

3
12. 10 cm3 of a 1.00 × 10−2 mol dm−3 solution needs to be diluted to make the concentration 5.00 ×
10−4 mol dm−3. What volume of water, in cm3, should be added? (1)

A 20

B 40

C 190

D 200

13. Sodium sulfate is formed when sulfuric acid reacts with sodium chloride under suitable
conditions.

H2SO4 + 2NaCl → Na2SO4 + 2HCl

[Molar mass/g mol–1: H2SO4 = 98.1 NaCl = 58.5 Na2SO4 = 142.1 HCl = 36.5]

The atom economy by mass for the formation of sodium sulfate is (1)

A 64%

B 66%

C 80%

D 91%

14. Which of the following has the highest melting temperature? (1)

A Hg

BK

C C10H22

D SiO2

15. Sodium nitrate decomposes on heating.

2NaNO3(s) →2NaNO2(s) + O2 (g)

What is the maximum volume of oxygen, measured in dm3 at room temperature and pressure,
which could be obtained by heating 0.50 mol of sodium nitrate?

[Molar volume of a gas = 24 dm3 mol–1 at room temperature and pressure] (1)

A3

B6

C 12

D 24

4
16. In which order do the electrons fill the orbitals of an atom? (1)

A 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 4p 3d

B 1s 2s 2p 3s 3d 3p 4s 4p

C 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p

D 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p

17. The correct sequence for the processes that occur in a mass spectrometer is (1)

A vaporization, ionization, acceleration, deflection and detection.

B vaporization, acceleration, ionization, deflection and detection.

C ionization, vaporization, acceleration, deflection and detection.

D ionization, vaporization, deflection, acceleration and detection.

5
 SECTION B (30 MARKS)

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

18. Nickel is an element in the d-block of the Periodic Table.

(a) Complete the electronic configuration of a nickel atom using the s, p, d notation. (1)

1s2
...........................................................................................................................................................

(b) A sample of nickel is made up of three isotopes. The percentage abundances are shown in

the table below.

Isotope Percentage abundance

58Ni 69.02
60Ni 27.32
62Ni 3.66

Calculate the relative atomic mass of nickel. Give your answer to two decimal places. (2)

(c) Nickel reacts with carbon monoxide, CO, to give the compound nickel carbonyl, Ni(CO)4.

Ni(s) + 4CO (g) → Ni(CO)4(g)

(i) Calculate the volume of carbon monoxide, in dm3, measured at room temperature and
pressure, that is required to react completely with 5.87 g of nickel.

[Relative atomic mass: Ni = 58.7 Molar volume of a gas = 24 dm3 mol–1 at room temperature and
pressure.] (3)

6
(ii) Calculate the number of carbon monoxide molecules present in the volume of gas you have
calculated in (c)(i).

[The Avogadro constant, L = 6.02 x 1023 mol–1] (1)

(d) Nickel(II) nitrate, Ni(NO3)2, can be made by several different methods.

Method 1

Nickel(II) oxide, NiO, was reacted with dilute nitric acid according to the equation

NiO(s) + 2HNO3 (aq) → Ni(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l)

(i) Calculate the volume of 2.00 mol dm–3 dilute nitric acid, in cm3, that was required to exactly
neutralize 1.494 g of nickel(II) oxide.

Use the relative atomic masses: Ni = 58.7, O = 16.0 (3)

7
Method 2

A volume of 25.0 cm3 of 2.00 mol dm–3 nitric acid, HNO3, was transferred to a beaker. Solid nickel
(II) carbonate, NiCO3, was added until it was in excess.

(ii) Why was excess nickel (II) carbonate used? (1)

(iii) Why must the beaker be much larger than the volume of acid used? (1)

(iv) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between nickel (II) carbonate and dilute nitric
acid, including state symbols. (2)

*(v) For Method 2, describe the practical steps that you would take to obtain pure

dry crystals of hydrated nickel(II) nitrate, Ni(NO3)2.6H2O, from a mixture of nickel(II) nitrate
solution and unreacted solid nickel(II) carbonate. (4)

(Total for question 18 = 18 marks)

8
19. (a) (i) Draw a ‘dot and cross’ diagram of boron trifluoride, BF3, showing the outer shell electrons
only. (2)

ii) Why is a B–F bond polar? (1)

iii) Explain why the BF3 molecule is not polar. (2)

(b) Boron also forms the ion BH4−.

(i) State the types of bonding in this ion. (2)

(ii) State and explain the shape of the BH4– ion. (3)

9
c) Graphite is quite soft and is used in pencils. Explain how its use in pencils depends on the
bonding in graphite. (2)

(Total for question 19 = 12marks)

Total for paper = 50 marks

10