lntroduction to Concrete Work

Concrete - Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate

bonded together with a fluid cement that hardens over time.

Reinforced concrete (RCC) - Reinforced concrete, or RCC, is concrete that contains

embedded steel bars, plates, or fibers that strengthen the material. The capability to
carry loads by these materials is rnagnified, and because of this RCC is used
extensively

Reinforcing bar or Rebar - known when massed as reinforcing steel

or reinforcement steel, is a steel bar or mesh of steel wires used as a tension device in
reinforced concrete and reinforced masonry structures to strengthen and aid the
concrete under tension. Concrete is strong under compression, but has weak tensile
strength.

Compressive Strength - Compressive strength or compression strength is the capacity

of a material or structure to withstand loads tending to reduce size.

Tensile strength- is the capacity of a material to withstands tensile force,tensile

strength resists tension (being pulled apart).

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BUtLDIN6 TECHIi]0t0GY -II 10r00 - 11:OO

Admixture in Concrete is used to develop special properties in concrete like to increase
the workability of concrete at the same water-cement ratio, boosting initial setting time,
delay the initial setting time, to increase the density of concrete, to develop small air
bubbles in concrete or to increase workability by reducing water content in concrete.

Different types of Admixtures used in concrete are as follows:

1. Accelerator: As th* name suggests accelerators are u$od to accelerate the

strength gaining proeess in the concrete.

Uses of Accelerators:
1. When concreting is done in cold places.
2. When we require early removal of formwork.
3. When we requke the early strength of concrete.
4. When the rapid setting is required.

3. Retand*r:

Uses of Retarders:
1. When concreting is done in hot weather.
2. When we require a delay in the strength of concrete
3. When a slow setting of concrete is required.
4. Concrete has to be transported for a long time.

Other types of Admixtures used in Concrete

1. Plasticizer (Water Reducing Agent).
2. Super Plasticizer (High Range Water Reducer).
3. Air Entraining Agent.
4, Water Proofer.
7. Bonding Admixture.
8. Colouring Agent.

Aggregate is the component of a composite material that resists compressive stress

and provides bulk to the composite material.

Fine aggregates (Sand) are essentially any natural sand particles won from the land
through the mining process. lt consist of natural sand or any crushed stone particles
that are ll" or srnaller. Fine aggregate (Sand) Fills voids between aggregates. lt forms
the bulk and makes mortar or concrete economical. lt provides resistance against
shrinking and crackinq. lt is naturally available.

Coarse Aggregates (Gravel) in concrete provides body and strength to the concrete
and acts as a filler material which will give the homogeneous mass of the concrete.
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Transit mixer truck is a specialized vehicle used to transport building concrete. Special
device making constant rotation is installed on the chassis of ready mix concrete transit
mixer to make constant rotation, which is to avoid the phenomenon of segregation and
solidification of concrete.

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Concrete batchinq plant is a device that mixes various raw materials according to a
certain proportion, and finally produces concrete, it replaces manual mixing, improves
production efficiency and quality, which is necessary mechanical equipment for modern
engineering.

Pumpcrete
A concrete pump is a machine used for transferring liquid concrete by pumping.

There are two types of concrete pumps.

The first type of concrete pump is attached to a truck or longer units are on semi-
trailers. lt is known as a boom concrete pump because it uses a remote-controlled
articulating roboticarm (called a boom) to place concrete accurately.
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Mobile crane is a cable-controlled crane mounted on crawlers or rubber-tired carriers

or a hydraulic-powered crane with a telescoping boom mounted on truck-type carriers or
as self-propelled models. They are designed to easily transport to a site and use with
different types of load and cargo with little or no setup or assembly.
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