Will/Shall Would

Should Should
Can Could
May Might
Must Had to
Bang doi cac 4ai tir chi thj, pho tir chi dia diem va thoi gian
Today That day
Yesterday The day before
The day before yesterday Two days before
Tomorrow The next/ the following day
The day after tomorrow In two days' time
The following + Time (the following
Next + Time (next week/ month/ year)
week/ month/ year)
The previous + Time (The previous week/
Last + Time (last week/ month/ year)
month/ year)
Time + ago (2 months ago) Time + before (2 months before)
This, these That, those
Here There
Overhere Overthere
* Cau tirong thuat mot cau hoi dang " €6/ Khong" (Yes/ No question)
- Can cir vao thi cua dong tir trong cau hoi true tiep, chiing ta dung thi ciia menh
de phu chinh xac theo phan doi tir da neu tren:
- Bo dau chain hoi va bo dao ngiJ (inversion) trong cau hoi true tiep, nghTa la chii
tir van nam tnroc dong tir.
- Diing dai tir nhan xirng, so hu-u tinh tir cho phu hgp tinh huong.
- Menh de phu khoi dau bang if hoac whether.
- Cac dong tir thucrng diing trong menh de chinh la: + asked (hoi), c6 the c6 tiic tir
kem theo; + wondered (tir hoi, thac mac);+ wanted to know (muon biet);+ didn't know
(khong biet)

asked
wondered
s + wanted know ( 0 ) + If/whether S + V
didn't know
EG: "Are you a teacher?" Jenny asked me. -> Jenny asked me ifwhether I was a teacher.
"Did you watch TV last night?" Jenny asked me.
-> Jenny asked me if/whether I had watched TV the night before.
* Cau tuong thuat mot cau hoi dang "WH question"
Ghi chii: - Chung ta van ap dung moi huong dan a phan tren:
+ each doi thi ciia dong tir khi da biet thi cua dong tir trong cau hoi trirc tiep.
+ thay doi dai tir nhan xung. so hCru tinh tir
+ bo dau chain hoi, bo ngoac kep va bo dao ngiJ.
+ dong tir menh de chinh van giong nhu phan tren.
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 - Chung ta da biet cau hoi dang Wh-question la nhOng cau hoi khoi dau bang
who, which, what, when, where, why, how. Va cac menh de phu trong cau tuong
thuat loai nay khai dau bang tir de hoi, ta diing ky hieu la Wh. Chiing ta c6 cau true
nhu sau:
asked
s + wondered (O) + WH-Question + S + V
wanted to know
didn't know
Eg: •'What were you doing at 5 p. m yesterday?" Marry asked me.
Marry asked me what I was doing at 5 p. m the day before;
"Who are you?" Marry asked me. Marry asked me who I was.
* Cau yeu cau, cau menh lenh chuyen sang Eian tiep: Chung c6 cau true n
S + asked
told (O/ sbd) to do St
' Don't walk in rain", said his mother. -> His mother asked him not to walk in rain.
'Keep silent in class' said his teacher. ^ H i s teacher asked him to keep silent m class
* M O T SO C A U G I A N TIEP D I V 6 l DONG T U TUOTVG THUAT
(REPORTING VERBS) P H A I CHUYEN T H E O CAU TRUC RIENG CUA
DONG Tir TU''6fNG T H U A T DO.
* deny doing st: tir choi lam gi
Direct speech: 'No, it's not true, I didn't steal the money,' said Jean
Indirect speech: Jean denied stealing (having stolen) the money.
* suggest doing st: de nghj lam gi
Direct speech: 'Why don't we go to the cinema this evening,' Peter told us.
Indirect speech: Peter suggested (us) going to the cinema.
* suggest that + 1 clause (should): de nghj rang ai do nen lam gi.
Direct speech: • "It's very hot in this room, isn't it?" said the guest.
Indirect speech: The guest suggested that the room should be opened/ aired.
* agree to do st: dong y lam gi
Direct speech: "Yes, of course. I ' l l give you a lift, Helen" said Jenny.
Indirect speech: Jenny agreed to give Hellen a lift.
* apologize to sbd for doing st: xin loi ai vi da lam gi.
Direct speech: " I have broken your pen. I am awfully sorry. Jack" said David.
Indirect speech: David apologized to Jack for breaking (having broken) Jack's pen.
* remind sbd to do st: Nh^c nho* ai lam gi
Direct speech: "Don't forget to post my letter, will you, Sue," said Diana
Indirect speech: Diana reminded Sue to post the her letter.
* offer to do st: de nghj lam gi
Direct speech: "Let me carry your suitcase, John," said Han-y.
Indirect speech: Harry offered to carry John's suitcase.
* offer sbd st: moi chao ai cai gi.
Direct speech: " A cup of tea?" said Mai ~ "No, thanks," said I
Indirect speech: Mai offered me a cup of tea but I refused.
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* admit that + 1 clause: thu nhan rang
Direct speech: " A l l right, it is true, I was nervous," said the leading actor.
Indirect speech: The leading actor admitted that he had been nervous.
* doubt whether (or not) : nghi ngff c6 hay khong
Direct speech: " I don't think Liverpool will win,"said Jack.
Indirect speech: Jack doubted whether Liverpool would win (or not).
* advise sbd to do st: khuyen ai lam gi
Direct speech: " I were you. Bill. I'd buy a mountain car," Stephen told Bill.
Indirect speech: Stephen advised Bill to buy a mountain car.
* promise to do st: hura lam gi
Direct speech: "Don't worry, Martin. I ' l l bring your book back." said Lilly.
Indirect speech: Lilly promised to bring Martin's book back.
* accuse abd of doing st (having done st): buoc toi ai la da lam gi.
Direct speech: "You murdered Lord, didn't you, Collin," said the" inspector.'
Indirect speech: The inspector accused Collin of murdering Lord.
* blame sbd for st/ doing st: do loi cho ai vi cai g'l/ da lam gi
Direct speech: "It's you who broke my glasses," Hoa said to me.
Indirect speech: Hoa blamed me for breaking/ having broken her glasses.
* insist on st/ doing at/ having done st: nai ni cai gi, lam gi, da lam gi.
Direct speech: "No, no, you really must have another drink!" Dick told me.
Indirect speech: Dick insisted on my having another drink.
* confess to doing st/ having done: thu nhan da lam gi
Direct speech: "It was me who has stole the money," said Jim.
Indirect speech: Jim confessed to stealing the money.
* decide to do st: quyet djnh lam gi
Direct speech: "Right, I ' l l take the brown pair," said Andrew.
Indirect speech: Andrew decided to the brown pair.
* refuse to do st: tir choi lam gi
Direct speech: "No, sorry, 1 don't want to lend you my camera. " AlEg told me.
Indirect speech: AlEg refused to lend me his camera.
* threaten to do st: de doa lam gi
Direct speech: " I ' l l kill you i f you don't give me your money," the robber
said to the old lady.
Indirect speech: The robber threatened to kill the old lady i f she didn't give
him her money.
* request sbd to do st: yeu cau ai lam gi
Direct speech: "Please write your full name under your signature," said the clerk.
Indirect speech: The clerk requested me to write my full name under my signature.
* urge sbd to do st: thuc giuc ai lam gi
Direct speech: "Hurry up," said my mother.
Indirect speech: My mother urged me to hurry up.
* beg sbd (not) to do st: van xin ai (khong) lam gi
Direct speech: "Please, please, don't leave me now," the girl said to the boy.
Indirect speech: The girl begged the boy not to leave her then.

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 * encourage sbd to do st: khuyen khich, dong vien ai iam gi
Direct speech: "Go on. Try your best. Don't give your hope. You'll win your
prize. " said Jen.
Indirect speech: Jen encouraged me to try my best, not to give my hope and
assured that I would win the prize.
* warn sbd (not) to do st: canh bao ai khong lam gi.
Direct speech: "Don't eat these fruits, will you? They're very poisonous,"
said my mother.
Indirect speech: My mother warned me not to eat these fruits because they
were very poisonous.
* check whether.... (or not): kiem tra lai rang
Direct speech: "You are a teacher, aren't you?" my old friend said.
Indirect speech: My old friend checked whether I was a teacher.
* invite sbd to do st: moi ai lam gi
Direct speech: "Would you like to join in our picnic next Sunday," Mai said
to Lan.
Indirect speech: Mai invited Lan to join in their picnic the following Sunday.
* refuse to do st: tir choi lam gi
Direct speech: " I ' m sorry. I can't go with you now. I'm busy with my
homework" Lan said.
Indirect speech: Lan refused to go with me then and explained that she was
busy with her homework.
* reply that/ answer that + 1 clause: dap lai rang/ tra loi rang
Direct speech: "Do you like your job?" I asked him ~ "No," he replied.
Indirect speech: I asked i f he like his job and he replied he didn't.
* assure sbd that: bao dam vol ai rang
Direct speech: "You can have a refund i f the product has any faults," Mr.
Brown assured me.
Indirect speech: Mr. Brown assured me that I could have a refund i f the
product had any faults.
* object that + 1 clause: phan doi rSng. . . / object to doing st: phan dfii lam
Direct speech: "No, I don't want to sit here in order to wait for his pity," said
the girl.
Indirect speech: The girl objected to sitting there in order to wait for his pity.
* argue that + 1 clause: tranh cai rang
Direct speech: "But using our own motorbikes will cause air ix>llution," said Mai.
Indirect speech: Mai argued that using their own motorbikes would cause air
pollution.
* claim that + 1 clause: tuyen b6 rang...
Direct speech: "Right. I've written that letter to the boss," said Jack.
Indirect speech: Jack claimed that he had written that letter to the boss.
* complain that + 1 clause: phan nan rang
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 Direct speech: "Oh, you have never complimented me on my work." Lan
told her father.
Indirect speech: Lan complained that her father had never complimented her
on her work.
* exclaim that + 1 clause: thot len rang
Direct speech: "Hey. hey. M y team has w o n ! " said the boys.
Indirect speech: The boys exclaimed (with joy/ joyftilly) that his team had won.
* Shout/ yell/ scream at (to) sbd (that + 1 clause): la het, thet len voi ai.
Direct speech: "Go away!" he told his wife angrily.
Indirect speech: He shouted at his wife and asked her to go away.
Direct speech: "Help, help," said the young girl.
Indirect speech: The young girl yelled for help.
* compliment sbd on st/ doing st: khen ai ve cai gi
Direct speech: "Wel!done!lt"s a great effort. \ ' o u played the guitar skillfully."'
M a i told me.
Indirect speech: M a i complemented me on playing the guitar skillfully.
* reproach sbd for st/ doing st: chi trich, trach mang ai vi cai gi, da lam gi.
Direct speech: " Y o u should have locked the door open this morning." my
father told me.
Indirect speech: M y father reproached me for not having locked the door that
morning.
* remark that + 1 clause: nhan xet rang
Direct speech: "1 think that you're making progress," said my English teacher.
Indirect speech: M y English teacher remarked that I were making progress.
B. BAI T A P O N L U Y E N
Exercise 1: Complete the second sentence in each pairs so that the meaning stays
the same:
1. i t ' s pouring w i t h rain down here. '
She told me
2. I ' l l come and see you on Friday i f that's all right. "
She said that
3. The club lost quite a lot o f money last month'
The treasurer told the meeting ^
4. T ' l l have finished writing the report by the time you get here,'
She promised me
5. i enjoyed myself last night'
Clare said that
6. "What are the most interesting sights?"
A young man wanted to know
7. "Have you got a town plan?"
A German student asked
8. "Where can we stay?"
A French couple wondered

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