Ammeter design

The external resistor (Rsh) was connected in parallel to divide the measured current. In this case
we found the value of the resistor by the following;

Rsh = [(ITRM) / (IT - Ifs )] - RM

Since the values in the equation from our previous calculations was already determined, we can
now solve for the value of the resistor (Rsh)

Rsh = [((2.5mA)(2206Ω)) / ((2.5mA) - (0.075))] - 2206Ω

Rsh = 68.2Ω

Since the 68.2Ω resistor value is not available in the market, we will use a network of available
resistors combined together and form the equivalent resistance.
The new circuit shows the network of resistors in the middle to form the equivalent 68.2Ω
resistance. The network are consist of two 120Ω resistor connected in parallel with an 8.2Ω in
series.

[(120 x 120) / (120 + 120)] + 8.2 = 68.2Ω

Note: The 2.5mA current is the maximum range/reading of the design.
Volmeter design

Our intenton is to allow our meter movement to measure maximum readin of 50V, so the
design is a voltage divider circuit to proportion the the total measured voltage into a lesser
fraction across the meter movement’s connection points. Since we already know the meter’s
internal resistance, we connect it in series with another resistor(multiplier) from the battery.

To calculate the “multiplier” we have the following solutions;

Rv = [((50V))(RM)) / (VM)] - RM

We have Vm = IfsRM = (0.075mA)(2206Ω) = 166mV

Rv = [((50)(2206)) / (166)] - 2206

Rv = 664.4kΩ

With the same case from our previous design, our resistor value is not also available in the
market, hence we will build another newtwork of available resistances to form the equivalent
664.4kΩ value.

The new network are consist of two 1.2MΩ resistor connected in parralel with two 2.2kΩ together in series.
Thus,
[(1.2M x 1.2M) / (1.2M + 1.2M)] + 2.2k + 2.2k = 664.4kΩ
Ohmmeter design

The 18Ω resistor is the half scale of the meter being used in this design.
Since Ifs 0.075mA, the 1/2 scale deflection current or the current passing through Rm is Ifs /2 or
0.0375mA. When the switch is turned to x1k multiplier, the other resistor is opened and there’s
no current passing through it, and we can calculate the value of x1k multiplier by the following
cumputation;

[(2206 x 18000) / (2206 + 18000)] = 1965Ω

Since the ohmic value is not available in the market we can still find it’s equivalent value by
the following network of resistors. Notice that we use 18kΩ resistor value in the equation
because we multiplied it by 1k.

1.8k + 120 + 20 + 20 + [(10 x 10) / (10 + 10)] = 1965Ω

Same with the x10 multiplier, we will multiply the 18Ω resistor by 10 and calculate it’s value
with same method and calculation on the x1k multiplier.

[(2206 x 180) / (2206 + 180)] = 165Ω

The ohmic value calculated is still not available in the market, hence we will again build a
network of available ohmic values in the market to find it’s equivalent.

120 + 20 + 20 + (10 x 10) / [(10 + 10)] = 165Ω

Determining Rm and ifs

The 0.2V supply and 10kΩ resistance are given values and is important in order to determine
Rm and Ifs to be used throughout the design calculation.

What is Rm and Ifs?

Rm is the coil meter’s internal resistance while Ifs is the full scale current passing through the
meter. The values of this two unknowns are both important information in order to complete
the design.

Based on the measurements, the full scale current or the Ifs = 0.075mA.
Voltage drop across the resistor and the meter’s internal resistance are 249mV and 83.5mV
respectively. You can use these values to solve for the internal resistance Rm.

by ohm’s law,

R=V/I

Rm = (249mV - 83.5mv) / (75µA)

Rm = 2206Ω
Multimeter design (full design)

The figure below shows the combination of the three designs (ohmeter, ammeter and voltmeter)
or the final output.
 Multimeter design - DC circuits
(ES 212 Circuits 1)

Submitted by:

Almocera, Kish Ardent P.

Apostol, Kim John C.
Castillano, Mark Vincent S.
Ferolino, Neil George

Submitted to:

Engr. Jerry Piamonte, PECE