DEFECTIVE DESIGN DETECTION AND

SEPERATION SYSTEM

MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD
OF THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
(Mechanical)

SUBMITTED BY: UNDER GUIDANCE:

ALOK TRIPATHI (1805602) Er. SHEHBAAZ SINGH BRAR

BHUPINDERJEET SINGH (1805624)
DANISH VOHRA (1805628)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL EMGINEERING

GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE, LUDHIANA
JANUARY, 2022
 CERTIFICATE
We hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the major project report entitled
“DEFECTIVE DESIGN DETECTION AND SEPERATION SYSTEM” by “ALOK
TRIPATHI (1805602), BHUPINDERJEET SINGH (1805624), DANISH VOHRA (1805628)”
in partial fulfilment of requirements for the award of degree of B.Tech (mechanical) submitted
in the department of mechanical engineering at GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING
COLLEGE, LUDHIANA under PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KAPURTHALA is
an authentic record of my/our own work carried out during a period from_____ to_____ under
the guidance of Er. SHEHBAAZ SINGH BRAR. The matter presented in this project report has
not been submitted by us in any other university/ institute for the award of any degree or
diploma.

Signature of students
Alok Tripathi/ (1805602)
Bhupinderjeet Singh/ (1805624)
Danish Vohra/ (1805628)
This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of our
knowledge

Signature of major project Guide/s

SHEHBAAZ SINGH BRAR

Designation (Dept.)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors are highly grateful to the Director, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College
(GNDEC), Ludhiana, for providing this opportunity to carry out the present minor project work
The constant guidance and encouragement received from Dr. Sehjpal Singh, Professor. and
Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering, GNDEC, Ludhiana has been of great help in
carrying out the present work and is acknowledge with reverential thanks.
The Authors would like to express a deep sense of gratitude and thanks to profusely to Er.
Shehbaaz Singh Brar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, GNDEC, who was our minor
project guide. Without the wise counsel and able guidance, it would have been impossible to
complete the minor project in this manner.
The authors express gratitude to other faculty members of Mechanical Engineering
Departments, GNDEC and Head and Staff of Workshops, GNDEC for their intellectual support
throughout the course of this work.
Finally, the authors are indebted to all whosoever have contributed in this major project work.

ALOK TRIPATHI (1805602)

BHUPINDERJEET SINGH (1805624)
DANISH VOHRA (1805628)
 CONTENTS
Candidate’s Declaration 1
Acknowledgement 2
Abstract 4
List of Figures
Figure Number Name of figure
1 Ultrasonic sensor’s working
2 Illustration of a high-tech conveyor
3 2D Illustration of the mechanism
4 The actual project

Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 6-8

Chapter 2: LITERATURE SURVEY 9-10
Chapter 3: PRESENT WORK 11-21
3.1 Problem Formulation 11
3.2 Objective 11
3.3 Methodology 11-22
CONCLUSION 23
REFERENCES 23-24
 ABSTRACT
With recent advances in industrial technologies, automation has become an indispensable part
in the manufacturing world. Industrial environments are adopting more and more aspects of
automation to increase product quality, accuracy, and reduce product costs. Conveyor systems
are used wildly in manufacturing industries. This automated conveyor system works by
detecting the size of the material in the conveyor using ultrasonic sensors. The microcontroller
analyses this data from the ultrasonic sensor and then directs the pneumatic cylinder material to
different directions, height wise, depending on the height of the material. The position of the
conveyor is indicated by a 16X2 liquid crystal display and LED. This project thus automates
the material separation process in the conveyor to improve efficiency and increase productivity.
 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION
The Product manufacturing units need to have defective design detection and separation system
in order to maintain product quality and maintain a good reputation.
The main aspect of this project is to increase the accuracy and speed of the checking
dimensions of the material in the industry and accept or reject the material as per predetermined
standard set by industry based on scalar and pneumatic system. There are various methods of
measuring the dimension of the material. These conventional methods are not suitable for the
industrial application, because every industry requires an automatic dimension measuring and
control machine in order to accept or reject the job as per standard height. This problem is sort
out by proposed design of production lines.
We demonstrate such a system using a mini conveyer belt paired with Automated Pneumatic
Actuator. We propose to design and fabricate Defective Design Detection and Separation
system. Each product is different and thus have different mechanisms to detect defective
products. In This system we use a sensor to detect each product size which moves over a
conveyer belt. A defective product with height lower and higher than the required limit, will be
automatically detected and separated by a conveyer arm. This mechanism is operated by a
motor. An ultrasonic sensor detects the product height and the products height minimum lower
or higher than the limit are detective as defective products. The system uses a servo motor with
a separator arm.
In addition to these sensors, two more sensors are also been installed to determine the proper
dimensions of the product undergoing inspection. One of these additional sensors are useful
for lateral dimensions and another one is useful for transverse dimensions. Hence this will be
led to the accurate measure of component in all three dimensions.

Need of this Mechanism

1. Detection of Fault in product is one of the major problems as it plays vital role in
maintaining the quality of the product, even a slight change in the size and shape of the
product can change the configuration of product that leads to malfunction of the
product.

2. Faults in parts of equipment's of machine tools may endanger the life of worker.

3. This helps in saving time as when defective product reaches the customer which fails to
work and which further leads to displacement of product. Thus, a lot of time is wasted
in the effort

4. If any defective product reaches a detection area, it is then separated and sent for
modification.
 5. As it is an automated process, the time required to check the product manually is
reduced and quality of the product is maintained.

6. There are two programmed IR sensors that analyse the product for its dimensions, so
with help of these height, width and length.

Working of the Mechanism

The process starts after the production line. The product from the production line travels on the
conveyer belt toward the testing area. There is an ultrasonic sensor to measure distance
between product and the testing area so that the product stops exactly below the sensor. When
the product reaches in the testing area the ultrasonic sensor sends signal to the controller which
in turn slows down the conveyer and stops it when it reaches under the sensors. When the
conveyer stops the IR sensor check the size and if the product passes the IR sensor test it is
moved a little forward so that it can go under the PIR sensor test. When the product comes
under this test, it is already placed in such a way that its key side is near servo motor. The servo
motor is used to turn the key of the lock so that operation of the lock is tested. If the lock passes
this test it is send for packaging. If the product fails then it is sent for modification or if
modification is not possible it can be used as raw material.

Components that are used in this mechanism

CONVEYOR BELT
The conveyer belt is modified as per the requirement of the applications as in this case we
require a conveyer such that it can accommodate the lock such that its key side is exactly at the
side of motor to test the working of the lock. All the sensors are placed exactly where required
and a side base is provided so that if the lock does not pass the test it can separate for changes
or modification.

ULTRASONIC SENSOR
Ultrasonic sensors are used as Proximity sensors, level sensors and distance sensors. to detect
the presence of targets and to measure the distance to targets in many robotized processing
plants and process plants. Sensors with an ON or OFF digital output are available for detecting
the presence of objects and sensors with an analog output which changes relatively to the
sensor to target separation distance are commercially available. Ultrasonic obstacle sensor
consists of a set of ultrasonic receiver and transmitter which operate at the same frequency. The
sensor provides an output pulse to the host that will terminate when the echo is detected; hence
the width of one pulse to the next is taken into calculation by a program to provide result in
distance of the object. Working of ultrasonic sensor is illustrated below
 INFRARED SENSORS
The IR sensor has two set of LEDS which is used to sense the obstacle. The two set of LEDS
are IR Transmitter and IR Receiver. The transmitter transmits the light which travels for a fixed
distance and get vanish when no obstacle or object is in the range. If an object or obstacle is in
the range the transmitted light gets reflected and sense by the receiver LED. Due to such
phenomenon, we can test the size or shape of the object or in this case pad lock. By arranging a
required amount of IR sensors at required place and direction one can measure shape and size
of the object.

ARDUINO BOARD
Arduino is an open-source microcontroller which can be easily programmed, erased, and
reprogrammed at any instant of time. Introduced in 2005 the Arduino platform was designed to
provide an inexpensive and easy way for hobbyists, students, and professionals to create
devices that Interact with their environment using sensors and actuators. Based on simple
microcontroller boards, it is an open-source computing platform that is used for constructing
and programming electronic devices. It is also capable of acting as a mini computer just like
other microcontrollers by taking Inputs and controlling the outputs for a variety of electronics
devices. It is also capable of receiving and sending information over the internet with the help
of various Arduino shields.

SERVOMOTOR
A servomotor is a closed loop servomechanism that uses position feedback to control its motion
and final position. The input to its control is a signal (either analogue or digital) representing
the position commanded for the output shaft. The motor is paired with some type of position
encoder to provide position and speed feedback. In the simplest case, only the position is
measured. The measured position of the output is compared to the command position, the
external input to the controller. If the output position differs from that required, an error signal
is generated which then causes the motor to rotate in either direction, as needed to bring the
output shaft to the appropriate position. As the positions approach, the error signal reduces to
zero and the motor stops. The very simplest servomotors use position-only sensing via a
potentiometer and bang-bang control of their motor; the motor always rotates at full speed (or
is stopped). This type of servomotor is not widely used in industrial motion control, but it forms
the basis of the simple and cheap servos are used.

LOAD CELL WITH HX711 MODULE

Load cells are sensors that detect force, and when force is applied to a load cell, it converts the
force into an electrical signal. Load cells are also known as load transducers, because they
convert a load into electrical signals. The HX711 is a precision 24-bit analog-to-digital
converter that is designed for weighing scales and industrial control applications to interface
directly with a bridge sensor. Load cell which is an amplifier senses the weight and supplies an
electrical analog voltage to HX711, this amplified value is fed to the Arduino where the output
of HX711 is converted into the weight values in grams. The output result is displayed on the
16*2 LCD.
 Chapter 2: LITERATURE SURVEY
 Nassif Hassan Khan et. al presented paper on “Fabrication of a Conveyor Belt with
Object Sorting and Counting Facility” which includes factors and basic component used
in conveyor system. In this paper we studied about how to use factor and basic
component in a conveyor system and avoid accident and defective parts by using
control system. In this paper they include design of mechanical and electrical
component and program related to control system.
 I.A Daniyan and Esoso Aghor presented paper on “Model design and simulation of
automatic sorting machine using proximity sensor” dealing with separating species of
non- ferrous objects and at the same time moving objects automatically to the basket as
defined by the regulation of the Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) with a
capacitive proximity sensor to detect a value range of objects. Each object has been
sorted correctly into the designated compartment with an average sorting time of 9.9,
14.1 and 18.5 seconds for plastic, wood and steel objects respectively. The authors
conclude that PLC is the ‘brain’ of the sorting system to executes the programmed
functions.
 You Jin Park et. al Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National
Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan proposed a research paper on
“Fault detection and diagnosis (FDD)” for industrial processes to make an effective
indicator which can identify faulty status of a process and then to take a proper action
against a future failure or unfavorable accidents. In order to enhance many process
performances (e.g., quality and throughput), FDD has attracted great attention from
various industrial sectors. Many traditional FDD techniques have been developed for
checking the existence of a trend or pattern in the process or whether a certain process
variable behaves normally or not. However, they might fail to produce several hidden
characteristics of the process or fail to discover the faults in processes due to underlying
process dynamics.
 Aditya Deshpande et. al presented a paper on “PLC Based Object Sorting
Automation” that focuses on the need to develop Low-Cost Automation (LCA) for
sorting products in an accurate manner. The authors have developed a LCA system for
sorting the light weight objects on the basis of height variation using DC geared motors
which is controlled by Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Finally, the authors
conclude that the LCA system reduces cycle time. In this paper concept of object
sorting machine is explained with the help of a prototype which sorts objects according
to their height. Although the prototype shown in this paper is a small-scale model, it can
be designed and manufactured for large scale industrial applications. While testing the
prototype, they also observed that the machine has high repeatability. Instead of
Ultrasonic sensor, Capacitive type proximity sensor can also be used which when
mounted at a certain height on the frame, can detect the presence of object and the
conveyor will move towards one side and if the object is below the decided height, it
will not get detected and thus the conveyor will move towards the other side. A
significant amount of cost can be reduced if this machine is implemented in industries.
 Shubha Mishra et. al presented a paper on “A Smart Fault Detection System For
Indian Railways” which intended to propose a device which can automatically detect
any cracks in railway tracks. The created device will be attached into the train engine
and it consists of a sensor that will detect crack a few meters away and as soon as any
crack is detected the train driver will get a signal so he can apply emergency brakes
along with it the authorities will be notified with the correct location at which the fault
 is detected. This device used components like UV sensor, IR sensor, Arduino Board etc.
This system is placed on the trains so that every area gets monitored and along with the
rescue team the driver also gets a notification so he would be able to make quick
decisions due to which many lives would be saved. This will help in the support for
checking the state of the rail tracks with no mistakes and along these lines keeping up
the tracks in great condition. So, the maintenance of the tracks is easier. It also avoiding
train mishaps to a very large extent.
 G. Lo Re proposed a model-based method for the fault detection in sensor networks
where the measurements are collected from its neighbouring nodes and implementation
convergence cast-broadcast method. Ease of use, portability and scalability features of
this method makes its implementation with better performance compared to others but
the size of the field is limited.
 Arash proposed a model-based method stating the detection process using the clusters
assuming at least a single cluster with homogeneous nodes where the energy spent by
the node is calculated in a cluster and if drops use recovery algorithm. Energy efficient
and faster response and a well performing cluster heed algorithm for clusters are but the
number of nodes is limited in number.
 Jeng-Yang Wu proposed a model-based method for fault detection using the fusion
centre for monitoring assuming each sensor node has a binary decision rule-based
observations and equation decreasing the error rate at a time step for the limited number
of nodes in the network
 A distributed heuristic method is proposed uses the tendency value and share the nodes
test value which is compared with the other node values and validates them later. The
simulation is done using C++. This method minimizes the likelihood of incorrect faulty
node diagnosis. But if the status of the node is not acquired then this algorithm does not
work.
 A heuristic approach proposed by S. Gayathri, and Ms.R. Divya, for the detection uses
the round trip delay and round-trip path computations and compares with the threshold
for the identification of faulty nodes improving the network efficiency except for the
complex paths.
 A new method is proposed for existing fault detection by calculating the difference of
test value between the nodes which improves the accuracy in validating the results and
in the process of simulation.
 For data centre monitoring sited uses hardware and software design architectures. The
validation of the output is done; it shows a significant increase in the performance,
dynamic implementation with low power but it is a time-consuming process in testing
and implementing the same.

There are many industries that use faulty design detection system in their production line.
Some industries are – Semiconductors, Furniture Fittings, Automobile, Food etc.
The Semiconductor industries such as INTEL, Samsung Electronics, Taiwan semiconductor
Industries uses highly programmed robotic supervision system programmed by their own
engineers and they do not share their technology.
Industries like Furniture Fitting, Automobile, Food ei. buy or have them designed by other
automated machine making companies.

The vision of our proposed idea is to design a fault detection or supervising system having
following advantages: -
The system can be installed in any kind of workstation or production line so that it can have
an automated supervision instead of buying or having it designed pre-hand by other
companies which is quite expensive.
We also aim to achieve the goal of making a simple, compact and effective system that will
detect and separate the faulty products.
Many small scales or even large-scale industries use manual labour for fault detection and
supervision. There is always a window of making an error in human case which is not in the
case for robots and properly programmed machines. For example, industries like Hero
Motor Corp Pvt Ltd still use manual labour for supervision of their produced parts, and in
case of defective component appears (missed by the human eye) in the assembly line, they
have to stop the whole line to take the measures of pull out that defective component. This
is not only time consuming but also incur losses to the industries.
We kept in mind that in bolt making industries, after some wear and tear the alignment of
head and shank alters and ultimately tears out which leads to loss of material and will
ultimately leads to halt in production line. Even now it is not preinstalled in bolt masters
nonmatter how costlier they are. So, by installing this mechanism quality can be checked
and production will be fast.

Illustration of a modern age Hi-tech Conveyor

 Chapter 3: PRESENT WORK
3.1: PROBLEM FORMULATION
In Part Manufacturing Industries, the faulty product detection and supervision is mostly
done by manual labour which time consuming and prone to human errors which moreover
has possibility of human endangerment in cases like if the part made is used in devices,
machines and equipments like machine tools, automobiles etc. This gave us an idea of
countering all these problems with a single mechanism.

3.2 OBJECTIVES
 To eliminate the excessive time required for testing and detecting the faulty
product
 To maintain the quality of the product produced
 To reduce labour and human error
 To improve productivity of the production line.

3.3 METHODOLOGY

This mechanism is operated by a motor. We use proximity to detect product height and are
going to use Arduino programmed as per the required operation. Simply in this project, there is
electronic programmed controller which is useful to operate an ultrasonic sensor. The controller
has to be programmed as it can detect the variation in the size with the present size and then
made a decision in the form of Acceptance or Rejected product. If there is any size variation
occurs during checking process, the controller has a program to operate pneumatic hammer.
This pneumatic hammer punches the product and threw it away in to the rejected lot.

Model Design: -
This project attempts to review and study the feasibility of implementation of the automation
and improvement of the quality of product with accurate measurement and testing
phenomenon. Here we are going to use Arduino programmed as per the required operation.
Simply in this project, there is electronic programmed controller which is useful to operate an
ultrasonic sensor. The controller has to be programmed as it can detect the variation in the size
with the present size and then made a decision in the form of acceptance or rejection of
product. If there is any size variation occurs during checking process, the controller has a
program to operate Servo-controlled arm. This Servomotor controlled arm punches the product
and threw it away in to the rejected lot.

Experimental Setup: -
The process starts after the production line. A conveyer belt is placed before packaging which
test the product for any fault in the product. The conveyer is design according to the
need of the applications. The product from the production line travels on the conveyer belt
toward the testing area. There is an ultrasonic sensor to measure the distance between product

and the testing area so that the product goes exactly below the sensor for the testing. When the
conveyer starts the Ultrasonic sensor check the size and shape of the product as programmed. If
any fault in shape and size the products is removed from the conveyer belt and send for
modification.
If the product passes the IR sensor test it is counted as a finished and right product and
displayed on the counter. When the product comes under this test, it is already placed in such a
way that its key side is near servo motor. The servo motor is used to turn the key of the lock so
that operation of the lock is tested. If the lock passes this test it is sent for packaging. If the
product fails then it is sent for modification or if modification is not possible it can be used as
raw material. Due to this the time required to check the product manually is reduced and the
quality of the product is maintained. For such we require lots of coding and programming the
sensors need to be programmed according to the requirement of the application. The speed of
the servo motor is to be controlled so that it does not apply jerk on the product during stopping
or starting. The servo motor used to unlock the lock is to be programmed so that it does not
disturb the position of the product and the motor should turn only to the required angle so that
the lock should operate. The ultrasonic sensor is programmed such that it measures the distance
of the product so that it can send signal to the controller. Due to that signal the servo motor
used to move the conveyer is controlled that is it speed is controlled according the
programming given. In addition to these all, there are two more Ultrasonic sensor are
programmed in the sense that they will analyse the component for other dimensional details.
The horizontal placed sensor will help to analyse the dimensions in the form of height. Also,
vertically placed analyses the width. There’s also load cell placed beneath the belt to measure
the weight of the object directly placed over the belt. So, with the help of all these three
sensors, height, width, and weight can be measured.

Experimental Validation: - In form of a flowchart

Set the system stable with conveyor belt.

Then we set the Infrared Red proximity sensor at proper

position.

Providing a standard dimension data using Arduino.

Set ultrasonic sensors as per the required dimension

 Start the servomotor and put the object on conveyor belt
for inspection

As the change in dimension or weight is observed by the

sensors, the servo-controlled arm shots the object out.

Object has been moved to defective product collector and the

process continues for next object.
CODING: -
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#include<Servo.h>
Liquid Crystal lcd(8, 9, 2, 3, 4, 5);
int trigPin1=13;
int trigPin2=12;
int echoPin1=11;
int echoPin2=10;
int servo Pin = 6;
Servo s;
float pingTime1;
float pingTime2;
float speedOfSound=336.4;
float targetDistance1, targetDistance2;
bool value1, value2;

#define DT A0
#define SCK A1
#define IR A3
#define sw 7
long sample=0;
float val=0;
long count=0;
long irval=0;
int items=0;
void setup()
{
pinMode(SCK, OUTPUT);
pinMode(sw, INPUT_PULLUP);
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.print(" Weight ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(" Measurement ");
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
calibrate();

Serial.begin(9600);
s.attach(servoPin);
pinMode(trigPin1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(trigPin2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin1, INPUT);
pinMode(echoPin2, INPUT);

unsigned long readCount(void)

{
unsigned long Count;
unsigned char i;
pinMode(DT, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(DT,HIGH);
digitalWrite(SCK,LOW);
Count=0;
pinMode(DT, INPUT);
while(digitalRead(DT));
for (i=0;i<24;i++)
{
digitalWrite(SCK,HIGH);
Count=Count<<1;
digitalWrite(SCK,LOW);
if(digitalRead(DT))
Count++;
}
digitalWrite(SCK,HIGH);
Count=Count^0x800000;
digitalWrite(SCK,LOW);
return(Count);
}

void loop()
{
count= readCount();
int w=(((count-sample)/val)-2*((count-sample)/val));
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Weight");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(w);
lcd.print("g ");

digitalWrite(trigPin1, LOW);
//delayMicroseconds(2000);
digitalWrite(trigPin1, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin1, LOW);
pingTime1 = pulseIn(echoPin1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(trigPin2, LOW);
digitalWrite(trigPin2, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin2, LOW);
pingTime2 = pulseIn(echoPin2, HIGH);

targetDistance1 = speedOfSound*pingTime1/20000;
targetDistance2 = speedOfSound*pingTime2/20000;
Serial.print(targetDistance1);
Serial.print(" ");
Serial.print(targetDistance2);
Serial.println("cm");
//value = targetDistance1<3 or targetDistance1>5 or targetDistance2<3 or targetDistance2>5
value1 = (targetDistance1>1 and targetDistance1<3) or (targetDistance1>5 and
targetDistance1<7);
value2 = (targetDistance2>1 and targetDistance2<3) or (targetDistance2>5 and
targetDistance2<7);

if(w>205 or (w>50 && w<195))// weight setting

{ delay(1000);// distance delay
Serial.println("Motor is working");
for(int i=0; i<90; i++)
{
s.write(i);
delay(10);
}
for(int i=0; i<90; i++)
{
s.write(i);
delay(10);
}
delay(1000);
for(int i=90; i>0; i--)
{
 s.write(i);
delay(10);
}
}

if(value1 or value2)
{ delay(1000);// distance delay
Serial.println("Motor is working");
for(int i=0; i<90; i++)
{
s.write(i);
delay(10);
}
for(int i=0; i<90; i++)
{
s.write(i);
delay(10);
}
delay(1000);
for(int i=90; i>0; i--)
{
s.write(i);
delay(10);
}
}
delay(500);// infra delay

Serial.println("IR Val");
Serial.println(irval);
irval=analogRead(IR);
if(irval<500)
{
items++;
delay(50);
}
lcd.setCursor(8,0);
lcd.print("items");
lcd.setCursor(8,1);
lcd.print(items);

if(digitalRead(sw)==0)
{
val=0;
sample=0;
w=0;
count=0;
calibrate();
}
}

void calibrate()
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Calibrating...");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Please Wait...");
for(int i=0;i<100;i++)
{
count=readCount();
sample+=count;
}
sample/=100;
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Put 100g & wait");
count=0;
while(count<1000)
{
count=readCount();
count=sample-count;
}
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Please Wait....");
delay(2000);
for(int i=0;i<100;i++)
{
count=readCount();
val+=sample-count;
}
val=val/100.0;
val=val/100.0; // put here your calibrating weight
lcd.clear();
}
THE ACTAUL PROJECT (DEFECTIVE DESIGN DETECTION AND SEPARATION
SYSTEM)

CONCLUSIONS
 The performance of the system both in the presence and absence of the faults is
an important task to be focused and ensured. This can be achieved by using the
IOT devices in the data centres.

 Sensors in the data centres are the IOT devices for monitoring the environment
and other sources. FDD is the basic technique to identify and diagnose the faults
detected for these sensors due to some network load, external environmental
conditions, and the internal damage of the system.

 As we have seen in results, the sensors are working well even in presence of the
faulty products or components. The excitation of pneumatic actuator provides
enough force to shot away the fault product as per the design.

 The use of three ultrasonic sensors gives satisfactory result while recording the
data regarding to the all three dimensions length, height, and width. So, this
improves.

REFERENCES
[1]. Nasif Hassan Khan, Deb Kumar Sarkar, Asif Siddique, Md. Mamunur Rahman, Swarup
Chakraborty’s paper on “Fabrication of a Conveyor Belt with Object Sorting and Counting
Facility includes factors and basic component used in conveyor system” International Journal
of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 6, Issue 5, May-2017-7763. ISSN 2278-
7763.

[2]. I.A Daniyan and Esoso Aghor’s paper on “Model design and simulation of automatic
sorting machine using proximity sensor”. International Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology (IRJET) Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 ISSN: 2395-0056.

[3]. You Jin Park, Shu-Kai S. Fan and Chia-Yu Hsu’s paper on “Fault detection and diagnosis
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