Report

On
Mini Project:

“Automatic Waste Segregation System”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the

degree of

“B.Tech In Mechanical Engineering”

Submitted By:

Manas Gupta (2100640400005) (B.Tech III SEM)

Under the supervision

Of
Dr. Puneet Mangla

Department of Mechanical Engineering 2021-2025

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Hindustan College of Science & Technology, Mathura(Department Mechanical Engineering)
 ABSTRACT

With the increase in development of smart cities, the idea of keeping the
cities clean is the utmost requirement. The amount of garbage produced is
too large and the manual efforts required to process it is very tedious. With
evolution of technology in every field, automated ways can be adopted to
prevent the piling of the garbage. The waste segregator is designed to
provide ease in the disposal of waste that is collected. The system consists of
three bins, each one for wet, metal, and dry waste. The conveyer belt system
detects the incoming waste and classifies it as metal, dry or wet using
different sensors connected to the system and deflects it in the respective bin.
The deflection procedure is carried out by the servo motors which are
programmed according to the working. This facilitates in processing the
different kinds of waste as per the requirement. The garbage level in each of
bins is monitored using the ultrasonic sensors present in every bin. The
notification is then sent to the concerned authorities for emptying the bin.
The whole setup brings about automation and hence reduces the human
intervention required in segregating the waste and provides successful
collection of the garbage from the bin at the appropriate time.
The system is driven by a microcontroller- Arduino UNO, and the sensors
are programmed using the language.

Hindustan College of Science & Technology, Mathura(Department Mechanical Engineering)

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Table Of Contents:

1. Introduction………………………………………………….4
1.1 Scope……………………………………...……....5
2. Components Required……………………………………….6
2.1 Uses of Components………………………….......7
2.2 Uses of Components………………………….......8
2.3 Uses of Components…………………………….10
3. Software Details…………………………………………….11
3.1 Software Introduction…………………………....11
4. Objective……………………………………………………12
5. Block Diagram………………………………………….......13
6. Flow Chart………………………………………………....14
7. Circuit Diagram………………………………………….....15
8. Advantages & Disadvantages…………………………........16
10. Conclusion…………………………………………….........17
11.References

Hindustan College of Science & Technology, Mathura(Department Mechanical Engineering)

 INTRODUCTION

Waste disposal problems have become a pressing issue for many countries, and it has
become a global problem everyone needs to address. The accumulation of the waste in
large areas of land results in the formation of landfills which have dangerous
consequences. The odour of the rotten waste pollutes the surrounding environment by
releasing a foul smell. The disposal of the waste in water bodies contaminates all the
linking oceans and seas which affect the quality of drinking water and also the lives of
the water animals. The toxic gases are released into the air and in turn the whole
ecosystem is affected. Therefore waste management is a very serious issue in todays
era. If the waste produced is effectively handled at the source level, a lot of things can
be changed and prevented.

The segregation of waste into wet, dry and metallic categories can help in discarding the
waste appropriately and in implementing the principle of Reuse, Reduce and Recycle.
The wet waste can be decomposed to produce manure for the plants, the metallic waste
and the dry waste can be recycled. Thus the Automatic Waste Segregator has a lot of
applications in the management of the waste. The system separates the waste in 3
different bins under the category of wet, dry and metallic.

Different sensors are used for the detection of the type of waste. The level of the
garbage in the bins is monitored continuously so that the bins don’t overflow and they
are emptied timely. The notification is sent to the concerned authority with the location
at which the bin is placed.

Hindustan College of Science & Technology, Mathura(Department Mechanical Engineering)

 Scope of the Project

The system separates the waste in 3 different bins under the category of
wet, dry and metallic. Different sensors are used for the detection of the
type of waste. The level of garbage in the bins is monitored continuously
so that the bins don’t overflow and they are emptied timely. Using a
robotic arm along with a conveyor belt will make the process of
segregation easier. Also, more sensors can be used to segregate bio-
degradable and non bio-degradable waste, plastics, recyclable waste, e-
waste and medical waste.
This project is a cutting-edge solution that will aid in the clean-up of
cities.

Hindustan College of Science & Technology, Mathura(Department Mechanical Engineering)

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Hindustan College of Science & Technology, Mathura(Department Mechanical Engineering)

 Components Required:

Sr.No. Name of component

1. Arduino UNO
2. Servo Motor
3. Ultrasonic sensor
4. LCD
5. Adaptor
6. Moisture Sensor
7. IR Module
Table 1 : Components Required

Hindustan College of Science & Technology, Mathura(Department Mechanical Engineering)

 Uses of Components

1. Arduino UNO:- Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based

on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read
inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and
turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing
something online.

2. Servo motor:- A servomotor is a closed-loop servomechanism that

uses position feedback to control its motion and final position. The input to
its control is a signal (either analog or digital) representing the position
commanded for the output shaft. The motor is paired with some type of
position encoder to provide position and speed feedback.

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Hindustan College of Science & Technology, Mathura(Department Mechanical Engineering)
  Types of Servo Motor:- They includes three basic types of servo
motor
positional rotation, continuous rotation, and linear rotation.

1. Positional rotation servo motor:- This motor is rotate upto 180

degrees. This motor also have stops in the gear box to protect the
output shaft from over rotating.
2. Continuous rotation servo motor:- This motor have range of
motion is not limited. The continuous of the servo relates the input
to the speed of the output and the direction.
3. Linear rotation servo motor:- It use a rack and pinion mechanism
to change their performance. The rack and pinion convert rotary
motion into linear motion.

3. Ultra-Sonic Sensor:- Ultrasonic sensors are electronic devices that

calculate the target’s distance by emission of ultrasonic sound waves and
convert those waves into electrical signals. The speed of emitted ultrasonic
waves traveling speed is faster than the audible sound.

4. LCD:- Liquid Crystal Display or LCD is a flat, electronic device

generally used as a screen in televisions, computers, smartphones and
display signs for producing still and movable images.

Hindustan College of Science & Technology, Mathura(Department Mechanical Engineering)

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5.Adaptor:- An adapter or adaptor is a device that converts attributes of
one electrical device or system to those of an otherwise incompatible device
or system. Some modify power or signal attributes, while others merely
adapt the physical form of one connector to another.

6.Moisture sensor:- They measure the amount of water in the soil by

following the capacitance to measure the volumetric content of water. It also
helps users to understand climatic conditions as they change. Also, the
moisture sensors help to protect vital water resources.

Hindustan College of Science & Technology, Mathura(Department Mechanical Engineering)

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7. IR Module:- The IR Sensor Module or infrared (IR) sensor is a basic and
most popular sensor in electronics. It is used in wireless technology like
remote controlling functions and detection of surrounding objects/ obstacles.
IR sensors mainly consist of an Infrared(IR) LED and a Photodiode, this pair
is generally called IR pair. An IR LED is a special purpose LED, it is can
emitting infrared rays ranging from 700 nm to 1 mm wavelength. These
types of rays are invisible to our eyes. In contrast, a photodiode or IR
Receiver LED detects the infrared rays.

Hindustan College of Science & Technology, Mathura(Department Mechanical Engineering)

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Software Details:

1. Arduino Compiler

2. Proteus

3. Programming language: Embedded C

Arduino Compiler:- It is a online compiler which is developed by Stanley

Huang. This online service compiles your Arduino sketch and generate the
Hex file and can uploaded to Arduino board directly from this page.

Proteus:- It is a circuit designing software invented by Labcenter

Electronics. It used to design different circuits on PCB (printed circuit board)
and simulation of different circuits.

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Hindustan College of Science & Technology, Mathura(Department Mechanical Engineering)
 Objective:

Environmental friendly:
1. It is a special odor control system ensures that the workshop has a good
environment and protects the workers’ health.

2. The fully sealed garbage sorting production process can reduce the

pollution of the garbage.

3. All the final products obtained from the waste segregation machine can be
processed into useful resources or disposed of without generating any
pollutant.

Automatic operation:
The automatic waste segregation machine is equipped with various devices
such as belt conveyor, uniform distributing machine, etc. The reasonable
structure and configuration can guarantee the trash sorter to achieve fully
automatic operation, avoid manual operation mistakes, reduce labor intensity
and improve working efficiency.

Security design:
1. The automatic waste segregation machine designed by Beston Group is
equipped with surveillance system to ensure that all the processing procedure
are under monitoring and going smoothly.

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Hindustan College of Science & Technology, Mathura(Department Mechanical Engineering)
Block Diagram:

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Department of Mechanical Engineering
FLOW DIAGRAM:

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Department of Mechanical Engineering
Circuit Diagram:

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Department of Mechanical Engineering
Advantages

1. It helps to saves time and money by using smart waste collection bins.
2. It reduces infrastructure, operating and maintenance cost by upto 30%.
3. It helps administration to generate extra revenue by advertisements on
smart devices.
4. It saves the Earth and Conserves the energy.
5. Keeps the environment clean and fresh.
6. Stored trade waste into the containers that will prevent waste from
escaping.

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Department of Mechanical Engineering
Conclusion

This system is much needed in metro cities and urban areas due to
spreading of diseases. According to the last year report which is given by
Indian Union Ministry of Environment here India produces 42.0 million
tones of municipal solid waste annually at present. It is a very major
problem to separate wet and der waste and it is time consuming as well
as cost effective. The Indian government passes budget for segregation of
waste per year upto nearly Rs.100 crore allocation in this year’s Budget
for the newly christened NAMASTE (National Action Plan for
Mechanised Sanitation Ecosystem) scheme.

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Department of Mechanical Engineering
REFRENCE:

1. Amrutha Chandra mohan, Joyal Mendonca, Nikhil Ravi Shankar & Nikhil
U.Baheti,“Automated Waste Segregator”, Texas Instruments India
Educator’s Conference, 2014,IEEE publication.pp.

2. Nimisha S Gupta, Deepthi V, Mayakunnath, Rejeth Pal S, Badsha T S,

Nikhil Binoy C Instrumentation and Control Engineering NSS College of
Engineering Palakkad, India.

3. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology

https://www.ijert.org › research PDF Automatic Waste Segregation and
Management

4. ResearchGate
https://www.researchgate.net › 3316...
(PDF) Automatic Waste Segregation

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering