Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Falla Cardiaca
Falla Cardiaca
FALLA CARDIACA
CARDIOLOGÍA
Dr. Lucio Chávez Landeros
Guillermo Cepeda de la Rosa
CONTENIDO
FC CRÓNICA FC AGUDA
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
FALLA CARDIACA
CRÓNICA
GENERALIDADES
EPIDEMIOLOGÍA - PRONÓSTICO
● Prevalencia de 5 / 100 mil en mayores de edad
○ 1% en < 50 años
○ > 10% en > 70 años
● Aumento constante en hospitalizaciones por falla cardiaca, especialmente mujeres.
● Causas más comunes → Isquémica e hipertensiva
● Mortalidad: 53% a 5 años
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
DEFINICIÓN
● Síndrome secundario a alteración estructural y/o funcional del corazón.
● Siempre se debe hacer búsqueda etiológica
● Clasificación según FEVI:
○ Reducida → < 40%
○ Levemente reducida → 40 - 50%
○ Preservada → > 50% con alteración cardiaca funcional y estructural y/o PNA elevados
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
DEFINICIÓN
Consideraciones:
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
DEFINICIÓN
Componentes alterados:
● Historia clínica
● Ecocardiografía
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Bozkurt, B., Coats, A., & Tsutsui, H. (2021). A Report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure Consensus Conference. European Journal of Heart Failure.
42(36), 3599-3726.
DESGLOSE
Péptidos natriuréticos Congestión objetiva
Paraclínicos:
- Radiografía de tórax
- Aumento de presiones de llenado
(ecocardiograma)
- Cateterismo derecho o arteria
pulmonar
Clínica:
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CLASIFICACIÓN
CLASIFICACIÓN SEGÚN FEVI
Bozkurt, B., Coats, A., & Tsutsui, H. (2021). A Report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and Writing Committee of the
Universal Definition of Heart Failure Consensus Conference. European Journal of Heart Failure.
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CLASIFICACIÓN FUNCIONAL
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
ESTADIOS (JCF)
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Bozkurt, B., Coats, A., & Tsutsui, H. (2021). A Report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure Consensus Conference. European Journal of Heart Failure.
42(36), 3599-3726.
CLASIFICACIÓN CLÍNICA
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
PATOGENIA
ETIOLOGÍA
COVID-19
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
ETIOLOGÍA
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CLÍNICA
Mayor sensibilidad
Mayor especificidad Mayor especificidad
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
DIAGNÓSTICO
ABORDAJE
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
PARACLÍNICOS
Péptidos natriuréticos
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
Biopsia:
PARACLÍNICOS
- Etiología no clara y posible causa
reversible que solo así puede
Imagen: confirmarse
Estudios de estratificación no
RM Angiografía:
invasiva:
- Pobre ventana - Probabilidad baja - intermedia - Px con riesgo intermedio -
ecocardiográfica de coronariopatía → alto de coronariopatía
- Sospecha de enfermedad angio-TAC de coronarias o - Px con angina refractaria o
infiltrativa estudios de estrés no arritmias ventriculares
- Considerar en CMH invasivos sintomáticas
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
MANEJO FC CON FEVI
REDUCIDA
1a LÍNEA
Dual angiotensin
receptor and
FEVI reducida → “4
neprilysin inhibition
fantásticos”
Principales incorporaciones
son ARNI e iSGLT2
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
EVIDENCIA 1a LÍNEA
ARNI en estudio PARADIGM-HF
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force forJ.,
McMurray, thePacker,
diagnosis
M.,and treatment
& et of acute
al (2014). and chronic heart failure
Angiotensin–neprilysin of the European
inhibition versus Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
enalapril in heart failure. N Engl J Med, 371, 993-1004.
EVIDENCIA 1a LÍNEA
ARNI en estudio PIONEER-HF
794 pacientes
FEVI < 40% en últimos 6 meses:
Ambulatorio
FEVI < 40%, BNP elevado y NYHA II o
superior - terapia triple (RAAS, BB y ARNI):
McMurray, J., Solomon, S., & et al. (2019). Dapagliflozin in patients with
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
heart failure
Task Force forand reduced and
the diagnosis ejection fraction.
treatment New
of acute andEngland Journal
chronic heart of of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
failure
Medicine,
42(36), 381(21), 1995-2008.
3599-3726.
EVIDENCIA 1a LÍNEA
iSGLT2 en estudio EMPEROR-Reduced
Ambulatorio
FEVI < 40%, NYHA II o superior (BNP
elevado si FECI > 30%) - terapia triple
(RAAS, BB y ARNI):
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Packer, M.,
Task Force forAnker, S., & etand
the diagnosis al.treatment
(2020). Cardiovascular andheart
of acute and chronic renalfailure
outcomes with empagliflozin
of the European in heart failure.
Society of Cardiology Newthe
(ESC) With England
special Journal of Medicine,
contribution of the Heart383(15), 1413-1424.
Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
EVIDENCIA 1a LÍNEA
iSGLT2 metaanálisis (EMPEROR-Reduced y
DAPA-HF)
Ambulatorio
FEVI < 40% - terapia triple (RAAS, BB y
ARNI):
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
EVIDENCIA 2a LÍNEA
Vericiguat en estudio VICTORIA Study Group
OMT
FEVI < 45%, BNP elevado y NYHA II o
superior
Armstrong,T.P.,
McDonagh, A.,Pieske, B.,Adamo,
Metra, M., & et al.M.,
(2020). Vericiguat
Gardner, in patients
R. S., Baumbach, A., with
Böhm, heart failure
M., ... and Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
& Kathrine
Task Forceejection
reduced for the diagnosis
fraction.and
Newtreatment
England of Journal
acute andofchronic heart 382(20),
Medicine, failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
1883-1893.
42(36), 3599-3726.
EVIDENCIA 2a LÍNEA
Omecantiv en estudio GALACTIC-HF
OMT
FEVI < 35% y NYHA II o superior
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Teerlink,
Task J., the
Force for Diaz, R., & et
diagnosis al.treatment
and (2021). Cardiac myosin
of acute and activation
chronic withofomecamtiv
heart failure mecarbil
the European in Cardiology
Society of systolic heart
(ESC)failure.
With theNew England
special Journal
contribution of Medicine,
of the 384(2),
Heart Failure 105-116.
Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CONCLUSIÓN
INTRAHOSPITALARIA EXTRAHOSPITALARIA
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CONSIDERACIONES
Terapia médica óptima
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CONSIDERACIONES
Fenotipos
● Terapia individualizada
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
DISPOSITIVOS
Cardioresincronizador
● Reduce morbimortalidad
● Recomendado en:
○ QRS > 130 ms en ritmo sinusal con FEVI < 35% pese a OMT.
○ Aquellos con necesidad de marcapasos (aún si hay FA)
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
MANEJO FC CON FEVI
LEVEMENTE REDUCIDA -
PRESERVADA
MANEJO HFmrEF Fuera de la guía: Empagliflozina (EMPEROR-PRESERVED)
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
MANEJO HFpEF Fuera de la guía: Empagliflozina (EMPEROR-PRESERVED)
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
MANEJO
- FEVI reducida
- FEVI levemente reducida
- FEVI preservada
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
En resumen, se debe buscar:
- HVI
- Dilatación AI
DIAGNÓSTICO (HFpEF) - Disfunción diastólica
- Hipertensión pulmonar
- BNP elevado
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CONSIDERACIONES
Factores de riesgo reversibles
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CONSIDERACIONES
Prevención primaria
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
EVIDENCIA
Espironolactona en TOPCAT
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
Anker,3599-3726.
42(36), S. D., Butler, J., Filippatos, G., Ferreira, J. P., Bocchi, E., Böhm, M., ... & Packer, M. (2021). Empagliflozin in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. New England Journal of Medicine.
EVIDENCIA
ARNI en metaanálisis PARADIGM -
PARAGON
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
McMurray, J., Jackson, A., & et al. (2020). Effects of sacubitril-valsartan versus valsartan in women compared with men with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: insights from PARAGON-HF.
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
Circulation, 141(5), 338-351.
42(36), 3599-3726.
SEGUIMIENTO
ASPECTOS CLAVE
● Incluir al paciente en programa de falla cardiaca
● Educación es indispensable
● Indicar a todos manejo con ejercicio guiado por experto
● Seguimiento mínimo cada 6 meses
● Control anual con ECG y eco-TT a los 6 meses de establecer OMT
○ No hay evidencia del seguimiento con biomarcadores
● Telemonitoreo (COVID-19)
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
FEVI MEJORADA
Estudio TRED-HF
Halliday, B. P., Wassall, R., Lota, A. S., Khalique, Z., Gregson, J., Newsome, S., ... & Prasad,
S. K. (2019).
McDonagh, Withdrawal
T. A., Metra, M., of pharmacological
Adamo, treatment
M., Gardner, R. for heart
S., Baumbach, failureM.,
A., Böhm, in ...
patients withSkibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
& Kathrine
recovered
Task dilated
Force for cardiomyopathy
the diagnosis (TRED-HF):
and treatment anchronic
of acute and open-label, pilot, randomised
heart failure of the European trial. The of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
Society
Lancet,3599-3726.
42(36), 393(10166), 61-73.
FALLA CARDIACA AVANZADA
GENERALIDADES
● Entidad cada vez más frecuente por el envejecimiento de la población y la mejoría en el
pronóstico de los pacientes con falla cardiaca.
● Pronóstico malo con mortalidad a 1 año del 25 - 75%.
● Perfil de INTERMACS se usa para clasificar a pacientes con potencial indicación para SMC..
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
PERFIL
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
PERFIL
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CRITERIOS
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
ABORDAJE
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
MANEJO
● Se puede recurrir a soporte inotrópico o mecánico Soporte
mecánico
circulatorio.
● Trasplante cardíaco es el manejo definitivo en <
70 años. Corto plazo Largo plazo
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
MANEJO
Tipos de terapia (SMC)
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
MANEJO
Indicaciones para implantación de LVAD:
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
MANEJO
Indicaciones HT:
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CONCLUSIÓN
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
FALLA CARDIACA
AGUDA
GENERALIDADES
EPIDEMIOLOGÍA - PRONÓSTICO
● Aumento en morbimortalidad con falta de introspección del paciente.
● Ausencia de entendimiento de novedades en manejo.
● Principal causa de hospitalización en > 65 años
○ Cada hospitalización implica deterioro pronóstico en el paciente.
● Es una patología fácilmente tratable, que no requiere manejos
avanzados en su mayoría. Presentación
factor precipitante asociado
● No necesariamente hay FEVI reducida
De novo Descompensación
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
DEFINICIÓN
● No se establece definición universal.
● Fenómenos implicados:
○ Cambio en signos y síntomas basales del paciente
○ Aumento en requerimientos de diuréticos
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CLÍNICA
PRESENTACIÓN
● Varía según etiología
HIPOPERFUSIÓN CONGESTIÓN
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
FENOTIPOS
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CONSIDERACIONES
Congestión
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
Mullens, W., Damman, K., & et al.
(2019). The use of diuretics in heart
failure with congestion—a position
statement from the Heart Failure
Association of the European Society
of Cardiology. European journal of
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
heart
Task Forcefailure, 21(2),and
for the diagnosis 137-155.
treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
Mullens, W., Damman, K., & et al.
(2019). The use of diuretics in heart
failure with congestion—a position
statement from the Heart Failure
Association of the European Society
of Cardiology. European journal of
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
heart
Task Forcefailure, 21(2),and
for the diagnosis 137-155.
treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
RESUMEN
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
DIAGNÓSTICO
ABORDAJE
Búsqueda etiológica
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
PARACLÍNICOS
Diuréticos
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
S - 100%
E - 78%
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
MANEJO
FASES
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
SECUENCIA
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
GLOBAL
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
DIURÉTICOS
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
DIURÉTICOS
Considerar combinación de
terapia, no aumentar dosis
Felker, G. M., Ellison, D. H., Mullens, W., Cox, Z. L., & Testani,
J. M. (2020). Diuretic therapy for patients with heart failure:
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, review.
JACC state-of-the-art M., Adamo, M., Gardner,
Journal R. S., Baumbach,
of the American CollegeA., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
of Cardiology, 75(10),
42(36), 3599-3726.
1178-1195.
DIURÉTICOS
Vasodilatadores Inotrópicos
● Se considera beneficio teórico al aliviar la poscarga del VI, el ● Usados ante GC bajo e hipotensión
retorno venoso y mejorar así el GC. ● Se prefiere el uso de levosimendan o inhibidores PDE-3
● No tiene evidencia en comparación con diuréticos, se puede
considerar agregarlos a diuréticos en PAS > 110 mmHg.
● Infusión continua de nitroglicerina o bolos de 1-2 mg
Vasopresores
Opiáceos Digoxina
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
FC
DESCOMPENSADA
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
Iniciar VMNI ante:
FC CON ● FR > 25
● SO2 < 90%
FENOTIPO EPA
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
FC DERECHA
AISLADA
● Generalmente son de Fluid challenge test →
causa reversible. Administrar 150 cc
● Si es crónica debe
establecerse OMT.
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CHOQUE
CARDIOGÉNICO
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
MODIFICACIONES
DURANTE OMT
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
OTRAS INTERVENCIONES
AFFIRM-AHF
1525 pacientes
Hospitalizados por falla cardiaca FEVI <
50%
Ferropenia (ferritina < 100 ug/L o 100 - 299
ug/L con saturación de transferrina <
20%)
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
PREVIO AL ALTA
Debe establecerse 24 - 48
h antes del egreso
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
BIBLIOGRAFÍA
● McDonagh, T., Metra, M., & et al (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic
heart failure: Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the
European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the
ESC. European heart journal, 42(36), 3599-3726.
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.