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Facultad de Medicina UAdeC UT

FALLA CARDIACA
CARDIOLOGÍA
Dr. Lucio Chávez Landeros
Guillermo Cepeda de la Rosa
CONTENIDO
FC CRÓNICA FC AGUDA

● Generalidades → Epidemiología - pronóstico, ● Generalidades → Epidemiología - pronóstico,


definición definición
● Clasificación ● Clínica
● Patogenia ● Diagnóstico
● Clínica ● Manejo
● Diagnóstico
● Manejo:
○ Falla cardiaca FEVI reducida
○ Falla cardiaca FEVI levemente reducida y
preservada
● Seguimiento
● Insuficiencia cardiaca avanzada

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
FALLA CARDIACA
CRÓNICA
GENERALIDADES
EPIDEMIOLOGÍA - PRONÓSTICO
● Prevalencia de 5 / 100 mil en mayores de edad
○ 1% en < 50 años
○ > 10% en > 70 años
● Aumento constante en hospitalizaciones por falla cardiaca, especialmente mujeres.
● Causas más comunes → Isquémica e hipertensiva
● Mortalidad: 53% a 5 años

Factores que deterioran pronóstico:

- Ausencia de terapia dirigida por metas


- FEVI reducida
- Reducción en FEVI

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
DEFINICIÓN
● Síndrome secundario a alteración estructural y/o funcional del corazón.
● Siempre se debe hacer búsqueda etiológica
● Clasificación según FEVI:
○ Reducida → < 40%
○ Levemente reducida → 40 - 50%
○ Preservada → > 50% con alteración cardiaca funcional y estructural y/o PNA elevados

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
DEFINICIÓN
Consideraciones:

● Disfunción derecha: Determinada por cambios en área fraccional, TAPSE (desplazamiento


sistólico del plano del anillo tricuspídeo) y velocidad sistólica S’ en anillo tricuspídeo
● Clasificación por cronicidad:
○ Aguda → Debut / descompensación Reversible:
○ Crónica
● Estadificación sintomática → NYHA - Alcohólica
- Viral
- Tako-Tsubo
- Periparto
- Taquicardiomiopatía

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
DEFINICIÓN

Componentes alterados:
● Historia clínica
● Ecocardiografía

Puntos de corte: Estudios paraclínicos

- 50 - 75 → NT - ProBNP > 900


- > 75 → NT - ProBNP > 1800
- FA → ↑ 20 - 30%

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Bozkurt, B., Coats, A., & Tsutsui, H. (2021). A Report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure Consensus Conference. European Journal of Heart Failure.
42(36), 3599-3726.
DESGLOSE
Péptidos natriuréticos Congestión objetiva

Paraclínicos:

- Radiografía de tórax
- Aumento de presiones de llenado
(ecocardiograma)
- Cateterismo derecho o arteria
pulmonar

Clínica:

- Medición de presión venosa yugular

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CLASIFICACIÓN
CLASIFICACIÓN SEGÚN FEVI

Bozkurt, B., Coats, A., & Tsutsui, H. (2021). A Report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and Writing Committee of the
Universal Definition of Heart Failure Consensus Conference. European Journal of Heart Failure.
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CLASIFICACIÓN FUNCIONAL

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
ESTADIOS (JCF)

Guideline Directed Medical Therapy

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Bozkurt, B., Coats, A., & Tsutsui, H. (2021). A Report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure Consensus Conference. European Journal of Heart Failure.
42(36), 3599-3726.
CLASIFICACIÓN CLÍNICA

Remisión Presenta mejoría sintomática

Persistente Ausencia de mejoría sintomática

Descompensada Aguda o crónicamente progresiva

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
PATOGENIA
ETIOLOGÍA

COVID-19
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
ETIOLOGÍA

DM, patología tiroidea

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CLÍNICA
Mayor sensibilidad
Mayor especificidad Mayor especificidad

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
DIAGNÓSTICO
ABORDAJE

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
PARACLÍNICOS
Péptidos natriuréticos

Valor predictivo negativo → 94 - 98%

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
Biopsia:
PARACLÍNICOS
- Etiología no clara y posible causa
reversible que solo así puede
Imagen: confirmarse

Estudios de estratificación no
RM Angiografía:
invasiva:
- Pobre ventana - Probabilidad baja - intermedia - Px con riesgo intermedio -
ecocardiográfica de coronariopatía → alto de coronariopatía
- Sospecha de enfermedad angio-TAC de coronarias o - Px con angina refractaria o
infiltrativa estudios de estrés no arritmias ventriculares
- Considerar en CMH invasivos sintomáticas

Pruebas de ejercicio cardiopulmonar Cateterismo arteria pulmonar

- Valoración de trasplante o soporte mecánico


- Valoración de trasplante o soporte mecánico,
- Pericarditis constrictiva, miocardiopatía
formulación de ejercicio o disnea de causa no
hipertrófica / congénita o estados de alto gasto.
clara.
- Confirmar falla cardiaca con FEVI preservada

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
MANEJO FC CON FEVI
REDUCIDA
1a LÍNEA

Dual angiotensin
receptor and
FEVI reducida → “4
neprilysin inhibition
fantásticos”

Bauersachs, J. (2021). Heart


failure drug treatment: the fantastic
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosisfour. European
and treatment Heart
of acute and Journal,
chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726. 42(6), 681.
1a LÍNEA

Principales incorporaciones
son ARNI e iSGLT2

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
EVIDENCIA 1a LÍNEA
ARNI en estudio PARADIGM-HF

FEVI < 35% y BNP elevado:

- Disminuye mortalidad CV,


hospitalización por FC y mortalidad
por cualquier causa.
- No valora inicio intrahospitalario.

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force forJ.,
McMurray, thePacker,
diagnosis
M.,and treatment
& et of acute
al (2014). and chronic heart failure
Angiotensin–neprilysin of the European
inhibition versus Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
enalapril in heart failure. N Engl J Med, 371, 993-1004.
EVIDENCIA 1a LÍNEA
ARNI en estudio PIONEER-HF

FEVI <40%, BNP elevado y hospitalizado


por descompensación:

- Disminuye niveles de NT-proBNP de


forma más rápida y significativa.
- Pacientes estables, sin requerimiento
de ajuste en diurético.

Velazquez, E., Morrow, D., & et al. (2019). Angiotensin–neprilysin inhibition


McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
in acute decompensated heart failure. New England Journal of Medicine,
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
380(6),3599-3726.
42(36), 539-548.
EVIDENCIA 1a LÍNEA
ARNI (JAMA)

794 pacientes
FEVI < 40% en últimos 6 meses:

- Correlación entre disminución en


NT-proBNP e índices cardiacos
- P < 0.05

Januzzi, J. L., Prescott, M., & et al. (2019). Association of change in


N-terminalT.pro–B-type
McDonagh, natriuretic
A., Metra, M., Adamo, M.,peptide following
Gardner, initiationA.,
R. S., Baumbach, ofBöhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis
sacubitril-valsartan and treatment
treatment of acute
with cardiac and chronic
structure andheart failure
function inofpatients
the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Jama, 322(11), 1085-1095.
EVIDENCIA 1a LÍNEA
iSGLT2 en estudio DAPA-HF

Ambulatorio
FEVI < 40%, BNP elevado y NYHA II o
superior - terapia triple (RAAS, BB y ARNI):

- Excluyen pacientes con PAS < 95


mmHg, TFG < 30 o con intolerancia
- Con o sin DM
- Disminuye hospitalización por
descompensación y muerte
cardiovascular o por cualquier causa.

McMurray, J., Solomon, S., & et al. (2019). Dapagliflozin in patients with
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
heart failure
Task Force forand reduced and
the diagnosis ejection fraction.
treatment New
of acute andEngland Journal
chronic heart of of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
failure
Medicine,
42(36), 381(21), 1995-2008.
3599-3726.
EVIDENCIA 1a LÍNEA
iSGLT2 en estudio EMPEROR-Reduced

Ambulatorio
FEVI < 40%, NYHA II o superior (BNP
elevado si FECI > 30%) - terapia triple
(RAAS, BB y ARNI):

- Disminuye hospitalización por


descompensación y muerte
cardiovascular o por cualquier
causa.
- Mejoría en desenlace secundario
con disminución en declinación de
TFG.

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Packer, M.,
Task Force forAnker, S., & etand
the diagnosis al.treatment
(2020). Cardiovascular andheart
of acute and chronic renalfailure
outcomes with empagliflozin
of the European in heart failure.
Society of Cardiology Newthe
(ESC) With England
special Journal of Medicine,
contribution of the Heart383(15), 1413-1424.
Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
EVIDENCIA 1a LÍNEA
iSGLT2 metaanálisis (EMPEROR-Reduced y
DAPA-HF)

Ambulatorio
FEVI < 40% - terapia triple (RAAS, BB y
ARNI):

- Reducción de todos los desenlaces


(muerte, muerte por causa CV,
hospitalización, desenlace renal)
- Con o sin DM
- Posible ausencia de beneficio en <55
años.

Zannad, F., Ferreira, J., & et al.


(2020). SGLT2 inhibitors in
patients with heart failure with
reduced ejection fraction: a
meta-analysis of the
EMPEROR-Reduced and
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
DAPA-HF
Task Forcetrials. The
for the Lancet, and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
diagnosis
396(10254),
42(36), 819-829.
3599-3726.
2a LÍNEA
iECA / ARA2 Ivabradina Hidralazina + dinitrato

- Raza negra con FEVI < 35%


o < 45% con NYHA III-IV a
- FEVI < 35% con ritmo sinusal
pesar de OMT (sin contar
y FC > 70 lpm pese a OMT
- Solo si no tolera ARNI iSGLT2)
(sin contar iSGLT2) o cuando
- Considerar como 1a línea
no se puede usar BB)
ante intolerancia ARNI, iECA
o ARA2.

Vericiguat Digoxina Omecantiv

- NYHA II - IV con FEVI que se


va deteriorando - Uso en FA - GALACTIC-HF → Reduce
- Estudio VICTORIA → Reduce - HFrEF pese a OMT para hospitalizaciones y muerte
la mortalidad CV y reducir hospitalizaciones - Uso no avalado
hospitalizaciones

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
EVIDENCIA 2a LÍNEA
Vericiguat en estudio VICTORIA Study Group

OMT
FEVI < 45%, BNP elevado y NYHA II o
superior

- Excluyen pacientes con PAS < 100,


uso concomitante de nitratos, IPD-5,
inotrópicos o LVAD.
- Disminuye hospitalización por
descompensación y muerte CV o por
cualquier causa.

Armstrong,T.P.,
McDonagh, A.,Pieske, B.,Adamo,
Metra, M., & et al.M.,
(2020). Vericiguat
Gardner, in patients
R. S., Baumbach, A., with
Böhm, heart failure
M., ... and Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
& Kathrine
Task Forceejection
reduced for the diagnosis
fraction.and
Newtreatment
England of Journal
acute andofchronic heart 382(20),
Medicine, failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
1883-1893.
42(36), 3599-3726.
EVIDENCIA 2a LÍNEA
Omecantiv en estudio GALACTIC-HF

OMT
FEVI < 35% y NYHA II o superior

- Excluyen pacientes con PAS < 85,


TFG < 20, SCA o cirugía CV reciente.
- Disminuye hospitalización por
descompensación y muerte CV o por
cualquier causa.

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Teerlink,
Task J., the
Force for Diaz, R., & et
diagnosis al.treatment
and (2021). Cardiac myosin
of acute and activation
chronic withofomecamtiv
heart failure mecarbil
the European in Cardiology
Society of systolic heart
(ESC)failure.
With theNew England
special Journal
contribution of Medicine,
of the 384(2),
Heart Failure 105-116.
Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CONCLUSIÓN
INTRAHOSPITALARIA EXTRAHOSPITALARIA

Sacubitril valsartán Espironolactona

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CONSIDERACIONES
Terapia médica óptima

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CONSIDERACIONES
Fenotipos

● Terapia individualizada

Rosano, G. M., Moura, B., Metra, M., Bauersachs,


J., Gal, T. B., Adamopoulos, S., ... & Coats, A. J.
(2021). Patient profiling in heart failure for tailoring
medical
McDonagh, therapy. A consensus
T. A., Metra, M., Adamo,document of the
M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
HeartForce
Task Failure Association
for the of the
diagnosis and European
treatment Society
of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
of Cardiology.
42(36), 3599-3726.European journal of heart failure.
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
Contraindicaciones:
DISPOSITIVOS
- Primeros 40 días postinfarto
- NYHA IV (a menos que sea candidato a
Cardiodesfibrilador implantable CRT, VAD o trasplante)

● No requiere programación con pruebas, se dejan FC de 40 - 200.

Indicada en arritmia ventricular inestable (no ocurrida en 48h post


Prevención secundaria IAM o por causa reversible) con > 1 año de expectativa de vida

Recomendado en cardiopatía isquémica con > 3 meses de OMT que


persiste < 35% y NYHA II - III con expectativa de vida > 1 año
Prevención primaria (considerarlo si es no isquémica)
Considerar portable como puente a definitivo.

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
DISPOSITIVOS
Cardioresincronizador

● Reduce morbimortalidad
● Recomendado en:
○ QRS > 130 ms en ritmo sinusal con FEVI < 35% pese a OMT.
○ Aquellos con necesidad de marcapasos (aún si hay FA)

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
MANEJO FC CON FEVI
LEVEMENTE REDUCIDA -
PRESERVADA
MANEJO HFmrEF Fuera de la guía: Empagliflozina (EMPEROR-PRESERVED)

● Diuréticos se usan en todos los que presenten


síntomas congestivos.
● Puede considerarse el uso de:
○ iECA / ARA2
○ BB (Nevibolol - Estudio SENIORS)
○ Espironolactona (criterios TOPCAT, +++
hospitalización en último año)
○ ARNI (FEVI < 57%, sintomáticos u
hospitalizados - PARADIGM y PARAGON)

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
MANEJO HFpEF Fuera de la guía: Empagliflozina (EMPEROR-PRESERVED)

● No es claro el límite de FEVI a usar (Estándar = 50%)


● El diagnóstico se fundamenta en alteraciones ecocardiográficas sugestivas de disfunción
diastólica (engrosamiento, dilatación o hipertrofia ventricular, etc)
● Si eco-TT no es diagnóstica y persiste la sospecha se recurre a:
○ Pruebas de estrés
○ Cateterismo derecho
● No existe manejo específico, solo se usan diuréticos y manejo etiológico - factores de
riesgo, con los siguientes límites:
○ ARNI → 57%
○ Espironolactona → 55%

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
MANEJO

Empagliflozina está indicada en falla cardiaca con:

- FEVI reducida
- FEVI levemente reducida
- FEVI preservada
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
En resumen, se debe buscar:
- HVI
- Dilatación AI
DIAGNÓSTICO (HFpEF) - Disfunción diastólica
- Hipertensión pulmonar
- BNP elevado

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CONSIDERACIONES
Factores de riesgo reversibles

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CONSIDERACIONES
Prevención primaria

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
EVIDENCIA
Espironolactona en TOPCAT

FEVI > 45% - < 55%, BNP elevado en los


últimos 60 días y hospitalización en el
último año:

- Disminuye hospitalizaciones por FC


- Sin beneficio en mortalidad

Pitt, B., Pfeffer,


McDonagh, T. A., M. A., Assmann,
Metra, M., Adamo, S.
M.,F., Boineau,
Gardner, R.,Baumbach,
R. S., Anand, I. A.,
S.,Böhm,
Claggett,
M., ...B., ... & McKinlay,
& Kathrine S. A.
Skibelund, M.(2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
(2014).
Task Spironolactone
Force forand
for the diagnosis heart failureofwith
treatment preserved
acute ejection
and chronic fraction.
heart failure NEuropean
of the Engl J Med, 370,
Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
1383-1392.
42(36), 3599-3726.
EVIDENCIA
Empagliflozina en estudio
EMPEROR-Preserved

FEVI > 40% (+++ 50 - 60%), BNP elevado y


NYHA II o superior:

- Disminuye hospitalizaciones por


descompensación y muerte CV o por
cualquier causa.
- Mejoría en desenlace secundario con
disminución en declinación de TFG.

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
Anker,3599-3726.
42(36), S. D., Butler, J., Filippatos, G., Ferreira, J. P., Bocchi, E., Böhm, M., ... & Packer, M. (2021). Empagliflozin in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. New England Journal of Medicine.
EVIDENCIA
ARNI en metaanálisis PARADIGM -
PARAGON

Pacientes con NYHA II o superior con


FEVI > 45% y BNP elevado

- Desenlace primario (compuesto de


hospitalización o muerte CV):
Beneficio sólo en mujeres
- Dependiente de FEVI, perdiendo
beneficio encima del 62%.

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
McMurray, J., Jackson, A., & et al. (2020). Effects of sacubitril-valsartan versus valsartan in women compared with men with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: insights from PARAGON-HF.
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
Circulation, 141(5), 338-351.
42(36), 3599-3726.
SEGUIMIENTO
ASPECTOS CLAVE
● Incluir al paciente en programa de falla cardiaca
● Educación es indispensable
● Indicar a todos manejo con ejercicio guiado por experto
● Seguimiento mínimo cada 6 meses
● Control anual con ECG y eco-TT a los 6 meses de establecer OMT
○ No hay evidencia del seguimiento con biomarcadores
● Telemonitoreo (COVID-19)

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
FEVI MEJORADA
Estudio TRED-HF

51 pacientes con retirada del manejo


farmacológico

- Recaída → Descenso de FEVI > 10%,


aumento de LVEDV > 10%, aumento
de NT-proBNP o clínica
- p < 0.0001

Halliday, B. P., Wassall, R., Lota, A. S., Khalique, Z., Gregson, J., Newsome, S., ... & Prasad,
S. K. (2019).
McDonagh, Withdrawal
T. A., Metra, M., of pharmacological
Adamo, treatment
M., Gardner, R. for heart
S., Baumbach, failureM.,
A., Böhm, in ...
patients withSkibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
& Kathrine
recovered
Task dilated
Force for cardiomyopathy
the diagnosis (TRED-HF):
and treatment anchronic
of acute and open-label, pilot, randomised
heart failure of the European trial. The of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
Society
Lancet,3599-3726.
42(36), 393(10166), 61-73.
FALLA CARDIACA AVANZADA
GENERALIDADES
● Entidad cada vez más frecuente por el envejecimiento de la población y la mejoría en el
pronóstico de los pacientes con falla cardiaca.
● Pronóstico malo con mortalidad a 1 año del 25 - 75%.
● Perfil de INTERMACS se usa para clasificar a pacientes con potencial indicación para SMC..

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
PERFIL

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
PERFIL

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CRITERIOS

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
ABORDAJE

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
MANEJO
● Se puede recurrir a soporte inotrópico o mecánico Soporte
mecánico
circulatorio.
● Trasplante cardíaco es el manejo definitivo en <
70 años. Corto plazo Largo plazo

● Si no es posible manejo definitivo → Paliativo


INTERMACS 1 - 2 INTERMACS 2 - 4
○ Disnea, dolor, ansiedad y depresión
como puente a (algunas ocasiones
○ Sobrecarga hídrica → TRR decisión, 5 - 6) como puente
recuperación o a a trasplante o
puente. terapia definitiva.

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
MANEJO
Tipos de terapia (SMC)

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
MANEJO
Indicaciones para implantación de LVAD:

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
MANEJO
Indicaciones HT:

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CONCLUSIÓN

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
FALLA CARDIACA
AGUDA
GENERALIDADES
EPIDEMIOLOGÍA - PRONÓSTICO
● Aumento en morbimortalidad con falta de introspección del paciente.
● Ausencia de entendimiento de novedades en manejo.
● Principal causa de hospitalización en > 65 años
○ Cada hospitalización implica deterioro pronóstico en el paciente.
● Es una patología fácilmente tratable, que no requiere manejos
avanzados en su mayoría. Presentación
factor precipitante asociado
● No necesariamente hay FEVI reducida

De novo Descompensación

Peor mortalidad Agudización de


intrahospitalaria, patología crónica
mejor pronóstico al Peor pronóstico a
egreso largo plazo

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
DEFINICIÓN
● No se establece definición universal.
● Fenómenos implicados:
○ Cambio en signos y síntomas basales del paciente
○ Aumento en requerimientos de diuréticos

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CLÍNICA
PRESENTACIÓN
● Varía según etiología

HIPOPERFUSIÓN CONGESTIÓN

Presente = Frío Ausente = Caliente Presente = Húmedo Ausente = Seco

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
FENOTIPOS

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CONSIDERACIONES
Congestión

● Se define como signos y síntomas debidos al aumento de las presiones de llenado


cardiacas.
● Es diferente de la hipervolemia o sobrecarga de volumen.
● El peso no es un indicador fiable.

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
Mullens, W., Damman, K., & et al.
(2019). The use of diuretics in heart
failure with congestion—a position
statement from the Heart Failure
Association of the European Society
of Cardiology. European journal of
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
heart
Task Forcefailure, 21(2),and
for the diagnosis 137-155.
treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
Mullens, W., Damman, K., & et al.
(2019). The use of diuretics in heart
failure with congestion—a position
statement from the Heart Failure
Association of the European Society
of Cardiology. European journal of
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
heart
Task Forcefailure, 21(2),and
for the diagnosis 137-155.
treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
RESUMEN

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
DIAGNÓSTICO
ABORDAJE
Búsqueda etiológica

● Esenciales → ECG, rx de tórax, PNA


● Otros según sospecha

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
PARACLÍNICOS

Diuréticos

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
S - 100%

E - 78%

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
MANEJO
FASES

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
SECUENCIA

Estabilización hemodinámica y búsqueda de causa


Primero… reversible

VMNI está indicada ante distrés respiratorio que no mejora


O2 (se ha asociado a menor necesidad de intubación y muerte)

Sin terapia actual → Diuréticos de asa 20 - 40 mg en


bolo o infusión continua
Diuréticos Con terapia actual → 2X dosis total en 24h.
Monitorear con NaU a las 2h y gasto urinario a las 6 h

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
GLOBAL

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
DIURÉTICOS

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
DIURÉTICOS

Considerar combinación de
terapia, no aumentar dosis

Felker, G. M., Ellison, D. H., Mullens, W., Cox, Z. L., & Testani,
J. M. (2020). Diuretic therapy for patients with heart failure:
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, review.
JACC state-of-the-art M., Adamo, M., Gardner,
Journal R. S., Baumbach,
of the American CollegeA., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
of Cardiology, 75(10),
42(36), 3599-3726.
1178-1195.
DIURÉTICOS

Bloqueo tubular → Diurético de asa


+ tiazida + MRA
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Mullens,
Task ForceW.,
for Damman, K.,and
the diagnosis & et al. (2019).
treatment Theand
of acute usechronic
of diuretics in heart
heart failure failure
of the with congestion—a
European position
Society of Cardiology statement
(ESC) from the
With the special Heart Failure
contribution of the Association of the European
Heart Failure Association (HFA) ofSociety ofEuropean
the ESC. Cardiology.
heartEuropean
journal,
journal of heart failure, 21(2), 137-155.
42(36), 3599-3726.
OTROS Toda falla cardiaca aguda requiere tromboprofilaxis farmacológica (excepto en contraindicaciones)

Vasodilatadores Inotrópicos

● Se considera beneficio teórico al aliviar la poscarga del VI, el ● Usados ante GC bajo e hipotensión
retorno venoso y mejorar así el GC. ● Se prefiere el uso de levosimendan o inhibidores PDE-3
● No tiene evidencia en comparación con diuréticos, se puede
considerar agregarlos a diuréticos en PAS > 110 mmHg.
● Infusión continua de nitroglicerina o bolos de 1-2 mg

Vasopresores

● Se puede considerar la noradrenalina.


● Suele asociarse a inotrópico, pues aumenta la
poscarga del VI.

Opiáceos Digoxina

● Pueden considerarse en disnea que no resuelve ● Recomendada en aquellos con FA y FC


con manejo inicial 110 lpm que no responde a BB
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
SOPORTE MECÁNICO A CORTO PLAZO
● Hipoperfusión (fenotipo frío)
● Puede considerarse como puente a recuperación, a puente o a terapia definitiva (LVAD).
● El balón de pulsación intraaórtico se usa en etiologías no isquémicas.
● Otras → ECMO

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
FC
DESCOMPENSADA

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
Iniciar VMNI ante:
FC CON ● FR > 25
● SO2 < 90%
FENOTIPO EPA

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
FC DERECHA
AISLADA
● Generalmente son de Fluid challenge test →
causa reversible. Administrar 150 cc
● Si es crónica debe
establecerse OMT.

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
CHOQUE
CARDIOGÉNICO

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
MODIFICACIONES
DURANTE OMT

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
OTRAS INTERVENCIONES
AFFIRM-AHF

1525 pacientes
Hospitalizados por falla cardiaca FEVI <
50%
Ferropenia (ferritina < 100 ug/L o 100 - 299
ug/L con saturación de transferrina <
20%)

- Fe carboximaltosa IV previo egreso


- Disminuye hospitalizaciones por ICC y
muerte CV

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
PREVIO AL ALTA

Debe establecerse 24 - 48
h antes del egreso

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.
BIBLIOGRAFÍA
● McDonagh, T., Metra, M., & et al (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic
heart failure: Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the
European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the
ESC. European heart journal, 42(36), 3599-3726.

McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., ... & Kathrine Skibelund, A. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the
Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European heart journal,
42(36), 3599-3726.

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