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Deformation Earth
Deformation Earth
f)
Spring
are
during
Sun,
Moon
&
Earth
in
a
Line,
there
will
HW
&
LW
during
this
day
,
the
range
of
Heights
between
HW
&
LW
will
be
larger
than
other
days
(
Spring
Range
)
.
Pls
note
that
this
has
no
rela>on
to
Spring
Seasons.
g)
Neap
is
when
Sun
&
Moon
are
in
Quadrature
with
earth
(
90
Deg)
,
there
will
be
HW
&
LW
during
this
day
also
,
but
range
of
Heights
will
be
lesser
than
other
days
(
Neap
Range
).
In
a
Lunar
Month
(
29.5
days
)
we
will
have
2
spring
>des
&
2
Neap
>des. Prepared
by
Rajesh
Raja
-‐
CRR Page
1
h)
Example
:
in
above
Standard
Port
Curve
of
Galway
,
there
are
2
curves
,
one
is
Solid
curve
for
Spring
Ranges
of
4.5
m
&
other
Pecked
curve
for
Neaps
1.9
m.
Found
in
ATT
vol
1
ports
of
Europe.
i)
If
any
day
has
range
between
HW
&
LW
=
4.7
m
,
don’t
Extrapolate,
but
use
same
Solid
curve
(
spring
curve
)
for
4.5
m
only.
Similarly
any
day
range
=
1.8
m
,
don’t
extrapolate
use
Pecked
line
only.
j)
If
the
range
is
in
between
Spring
&
neap
then
Interpolate.
For
example
it
may
be
2.5
m.
In
such
case
draw
one
more
curve
propor>onately
in
between
Solid
&
Pecked
line.
k)
Ports
in
ATT
other
volumes
will
have
a
common
Curve
for
all
ports
but
with
3
different
curves
for
5
hrs,
6
hrs,
7
hrs
>me
range
between
HW
&
LW
.
As
shown
Below.
5.
SECONDARY
PORT
a)
Secondary
port
may
be
within
the
same
country
or
locality
of
Standard
port
or
May
not
be
b)
If
Secondary
is
not
within
same
Time
zone
of
Standard
,
it
will
be
indicated
with
different
>me
zone,
BUT
do
not
do
any
correc<on
of
Time
zones
in
between
Standard
&
secondary
Adjustments
have
already
been
made
in
providing
Time
diffrence
between
them.
c)
Secondary
port
if
Does
Not
have
any
data
listed
in
its
tables
or
No
Standard
Port
alloted
or
has
Shallow
water
correc<on
,
then
it
should
be
worked
with
SHM.
d)
Secondary
port
for
Europe
areas
with
above
shown
Curve
will
have
Interpola<on
for
Time
differences
also
besides
height
correc>on
as
well.
EXAMPLE
1
-‐
for
ATT
Vol
1 mHWs
=
Mean
High
water
Spring
mHWn
=
Mean
HW
neap
Drummore
is
a
Secondary
Port
No.
420 similarly
on
LW
spring
&
Neap
Similarly
for
LW
at
Liverpool
is
1030
which
is
between
'0800
&
1400
,
interpola>on
5/6
X
2.5
=
2
min,
hence
'0020
-‐
2
=
'0018
Remember
NO
Extrapola<on
for
TIME
calcula<on
0338 1030
Correc +0036 +0018
HW
Time
0414 1048 LW
Ht
Difference
mHWs mHWn mLWn mLWs If
Needed
you
can
Extrapolate
for
this
9.3 7.4 2.9 0.9 heights
STEP
3
:
For
finding
a
Ht
in
between
use
the
Above
obtained
HW
,
LW
>me
&
ranges
&
apply
it
using
the
General
Tidal
Curve
for
this
volume
as
you
would
have
done
for
a
normal
Standard
port.
NOTE
: If
the
>me
range
lies
in
between
5
&
6
hrs
or
in
between
6
&
7
hrs
draw
an
approximate
propor>onal
curve
in
between
with
pencil
and
proceed
to
find
the
ht.
Example : Tidal Time Range is 5.5 Hrs Time range is 6.3 hrs
Causes Of Tide
The 2nd diagram below shows the Earth rotating within a body of water, the
shape of which has been drawn out by the gravitational effects of the
Moon and Sun. It shows an observer at point A at High Water, as the
Earth rotates the observer will notice the sea level falling to Low Water
just over 6 hours later. After nearly 12.5 hours the tide will have risen
to High Water again, the cycle continues going through the next Low
Water at just over 18.5 hours and back to High Water again at about
24 hours and 50 minutes.
1. All the Depths on charts are refferred with CHART DATUM ( CD ) which is Lowest
Astronomical Tide ( LAT ), but even then tides can go below CD in some ports
which will be mentioned as Negative Ht of tide.
The ht of tide is also always from CD.
2. Similar to Depths , the Charted Heights of Bridge, Lighthouse etc are always
referred with Mean High Water Springs ( MHWS ), in some cases if specifically
mentioned it may refer to Highest Astronomical Tide ( HAT ) .
All the Height, Air Draft problems should be done with reference to MHWS only ,
NOT In reference with CD or Height of Tide.
Height
Clearence Charted
Height
above
MHWS
MHWS
Air
Drag
MHWS
Waterline
WL
Height
of
Drag
CD Tide
Charted
Depth
Observed UKC
Depth
Sea
Bed
Indicating coincidence of high tides or low tides or relating to a line that passes
through each location on a coastal map where tides occur at the same time of day.
The arrowheads show the main direction of the tidal stream. The lines mark the
points where the high water time is the same. The numbers give the time of High
tide in hours before or after high tide at Dover.