AR 6404 – BUILDING

MATERIALS - IV
AR. PREETHI, M.Arch
RAJALAKSHMI SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
AR 6402 BUILDING MATERIALS - IV
• OBJECTIVE :

• To study ferrous and non ferrous materials in construction.

To have an understanding of the properties, characteristics, strength, manufacture,
processing & application of materials such steel and steel alloys, aluminium and aluminium
alloys.
• To inform the innovations in the steel industry and the standards and accepted industrial
practices involved.

To inform the properties, characteristics and application of plastics in the construction

industry as well as other light weight roofing materials.
AR 6402 BUILDING MATERIALS – IV
OUTCOMES:

• An Understanding of ferrous and Non-ferrous metals in terms of its

properties, manufacture and their applications in architectural construction.
• The students are made to be aware of plastics and its applications in
building industry as well as light roofing materials adhesives, Sealants and
fillers apart from flooring finishes.
 AR 6404 – BUILDING MATERIALS - IV

FERROUS -STEEL&STEEL ALLOYS.

NON–FERROUS -ALUMINIUM
&ALUMINIUM ALLOYS.
TO STUDY & TO INFORM
UNDERSTAND PLASTICS
 Constructions Innovations To INFORM
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Standards
 Properties
 Accepted  Properties
 Characteristics Industrial Characteristics
 Strength Practices Application in construction
 Manufacture involved. Light weight roofing materials.
 Processing Adhesives, Sealants & Fillers apart from flooring
 Application finishes.

AR . Preethi, M.Arch. Rajalakshmi school of Architecture

 AR 6404 – BUILDING MATERIALS - IV

FERROUS –STEEL & STEEL ALLOYS.

NON–FERROUS -ALUMINIUM
&ALUMINIUM ALLOYS.

PREVIOUS NEXT

AR . Preethi, M.Arch. Rajalakshmi school of Architecture

 AR 6404 – BUILDING MATERIALS - IV

FERROUS –STEEL & STEEL ALLOYS.

NON–FERROUS -ALUMINIUM
&ALUMINIUM ALLOYS.

PREVIOUS NEXT

AR . Preethi, M.Arch. Rajalakshmi school of Architecture

 AR 6404 – BUILDING MATERIALS - IV

FERROUS –STEEL & STEEL ALLOYS.

NON–FERROUS -ALUMINIUM &ALUMINIUM ALLOYS.
Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron
oxides and vary in color from dark grey, bright yellow, deep purple, to rusty red.
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The iron itself is usually found in the form of
NEXT
Magnetite (Fe3O4, 72.4% Fe).
Hematite (Fe2O3, 69.9% Fe).
Goethite (FeO(OH), 62.9% Fe).
Limonite (FeO(OH).n(H2O).
Siderite (FeCO3, 48.2% Fe).
Ores containing very high quantities of hematite or magnetite (greater than ~60% iron) are known as "natural ore" or "direct
shipping ore", meaning they can be fed directly into iron-making blast furnaces.

AR . Preethi, M.Arch. Rajalakshmi school of Architecture

 AR 6404 – BUILDING MATERIALS - IV

FERROUS –STEEL & STEEL ALLOYS.

NON–FERROUS -ALUMINIUM
&ALUMINIUM ALLOYS.
Magnetite (Fe3O4, 72.4% Fe) = Magnetite is a mineral and one of the main iron ores.
With the chemical formula is Fe3O4, it is one of the oxides of iron.

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Magnetite is ferrimagnetic; it is attracted to a magnet and can be magnetized to become
a permanent magnet itself.
 It is the most magnetic of all the naturally-occurring minerals on Earth.
Naturally-magnetized pieces of magnetite, called lodestone, will attract small pieces of iron,
which is how ancient peoples first discovered the property of magnetism.
Today it is mined as iron ore.

AR . Preethi, M.Arch. Rajalakshmi school of Architecture

 AR 6404 – BUILDING MATERIALS - IV

FERROUS –STEEL & STEEL ALLOYS.

NON–FERROUS -ALUMINIUM
&ALUMINIUM ALLOYS.
Hematite (Fe2O3, 69.9% Fe) = Hematite, also spelled as haematite, is the mineral form of iron(III)
oxide(Fe2O3), one of several iron oxides.
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A reddish-black mineral consisting of ferric oxide. It is an important ore of iron. NEXT
Hematite crystallizes in the rhombohedral lattice system and it has the same crystal structure as ilmenite
and corundum.

Hematite is harder than pure iron, but much more

brittle.
Huge deposits of hematite are found in banded iron
formations.

AR . Preethi, M.Arch. Rajalakshmi school of Architecture

 AR 6404 – BUILDING MATERIALS - IV

FERROUS –STEEL & STEEL ALLOYS.

NON–FERROUS -ALUMINIUM
&ALUMINIUM ALLOYS.
PREVIOUS
 Goethite (FeO(OH), 62.9% Fe) =
Goethite (FeO(OH)),named after the German polymath and
poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832), an iron
bearing hydroxide mineral of the diaspore group, is found in soil
and other low-temperature environments.
Goethite has been well known since ancient times for its use
as a pigment (brown ochre).
 Limonite (FeO(OH).n(H2O) = an amorphous
brownish secondary mineral consisting of a
mixture of hydrous ferric oxides, important as an
NEXT
iron ore.
 The generic formula is frequently written as
FeO(OH)·nH2O, although this is not entirely
accurate as the ratio of oxide to hydroxide can
vary quite widely.
Limonite is one of the two principal iron ores,
the other being hematite, and has been
mined for the production of iron since at least
2500 BCE.

AR . Preethi, M.Arch. Rajalakshmi school of Architecture

 AR 6404 – BUILDING MATERIALS - IV

FERROUS –STEEL & STEEL ALLOYS.

NON–FERROUS -ALUMINIUM
&ALUMINIUM ALLOYS.
Siderite is a mineral composed of iron(II) carbonate (FeCO3). It takes its name from the Greek word “iron”. It is a
valuable iron mineral, since it is 48% iron and contains no sulfur or phosphorus. Zinc, magnesium and
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manganese commonly substitute for the iron resulting in the siderite-smithsonite, siderite-
NEXT
magnesite and siderite- rhodo chrosite solid solution series.

AR . Preethi, M.Arch. Rajalakshmi school of Architecture

 AR 6404 – BUILDING MATERIALS - IV

FERROUS –STEEL & STEEL ALLOYS.

NON–FERROUS -ALUMINIUM
&ALUMINIUM ALLOYS.
INTRODUCTION :

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IRON ORE - a rock or mineral from which iron can be profitably extracted.
NEXT

FERROUS METALS – STEEL & STEEL ALLOYS.

NON FERROUS METALS – ALUMINIUM & ALUMINIUM ALLOYS.

AR . Preethi, M.Arch. Rajalakshmi school of Architecture

 AR 6404 – BUILDING MATERIALS - IV

PREVIOUS NEXT

AR . Preethi, M.Arch. Rajalakshmi school of Architecture

 AR 6404 – BUILDING MATERIALS - IV

FERROUS –STEEL & STEEL ALLOYS.

NON–FERROUS -ALUMINIUM
&ALUMINIUM ALLOYS.

PREVIOUS NEXT

AR . Preethi, M.Arch. Rajalakshmi school of Architecture

 AR 6404 – BUILDING MATERIALS - IV

FERROUS –STEEL & STEEL ALLOYS.

NON–FERROUS -ALUMINIUM
&ALUMINIUM ALLOYS.

PREVIOUS NEXT

AR . Preethi, M.Arch. Rajalakshmi school of Architecture

 AR 6404 – BUILDING MATERIALS - IV

FERROUS –STEEL & STEEL ALLOYS.

NON–FERROUS -ALUMINIUM
&ALUMINIUM ALLOYS.

PREVIOUS NEXT

AR . Preethi, M.Arch. Rajalakshmi school of Architecture

 AR 6404 – BUILDING MATERIALS - IV

FERROUS –STEEL & STEEL ALLOYS.

NON–FERROUS -ALUMINIUM
&ALUMINIUM ALLOYS.

PREVIOUS NEXT

AR . Preethi, M.Arch. Rajalakshmi school of Architecture

 AR 6404 – BUILDING MATERIALS - IV

FERROUS –STEEL & STEEL ALLOYS.

NON–FERROUS -ALUMINIUM
&ALUMINIUM ALLOYS.

PREVIOUS NEXT

AR . Preethi, M.Arch. Rajalakshmi school of Architecture

 AR 6404 – BUILDING MATERIALS - IV

FERROUS –STEEL & STEEL ALLOYS.

NON–FERROUS -ALUMINIUM
&ALUMINIUM ALLOYS.

PREVIOUS NEXT

AR . Preethi, M.Arch. Rajalakshmi school of Architecture

 AR 6404 – BUILDING MATERIALS - IV

FERROUS –STEEL & STEEL ALLOYS.

NON–FERROUS -ALUMINIUM
&ALUMINIUM ALLOYS.

PREVIOUS NEXT

AR . Preethi, M.Arch. Rajalakshmi school of Architecture

 AR 6404 – BUILDING MATERIALS - IV

FERROUS –STEEL & STEEL ALLOYS.

NON–FERROUS -ALUMINIUM
&ALUMINIUM ALLOYS.

PREVIOUS NEXT

AR . Preethi, M.Arch. Rajalakshmi school of Architecture

 AR 6404 – BUILDING MATERIALS - IV

FERROUS –STEEL & STEEL ALLOYS.

NON–FERROUS -ALUMINIUM
&ALUMINIUM ALLOYS.

PREVIOUS NEXT

AR . Preethi, M.Arch. Rajalakshmi school of Architecture

 AR 6404 – BUILDING MATERIALS - IV

FERROUS –STEEL & STEEL ALLOYS.

NON–FERROUS -ALUMINIUM
&ALUMINIUM ALLOYS.

PREVIOUS NEXT

AR . Preethi, M.Arch. Rajalakshmi school of Architecture

 AR 6404 – BUILDING MATERIALS - IV

FERROUS –STEEL & STEEL ALLOYS.

NON–FERROUS -ALUMINIUM
&ALUMINIUM ALLOYS.

PREVIOUS NEXT

AR . Preethi, M.Arch. Rajalakshmi school of Architecture