Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Kruger Fan Types PDF Free
Kruger Fan Types PDF Free
TBN007.0/1998
FAN TYPES
CENTRIFUGAL FAN
A fan in which the air enters the
impeller axially and is discharge radially
into a volute-type casing. Centrifugal
fans are divided into four general
classifications: Forward Curve (FC),
Backward Inclined (BI), Radial Blade,
and Tubular Centrifugal.
1-7
Technical Bulletin - TBN007.0/1998
2-7
Technical Bulletin - TBN007.0/1998
The BI fan’s disadvantages include first, reason why they are not used for air
the higher speed which requires larger conditioning duty.
shaft and bearing sizes and places more
importance on proper balance, and The radial blade fan is well suited for
secondly, unstable operation occurs as handling low volumes at relatively high
block-tight static pressure is approached. static pressures and for material
This fan is also unsuitable for material handling. Absence of surge and a nearly
handling. straight power curve with linear
relationship with CMH are its other
A refinement of the flat-blade, backward advantages.
inclined fan makes use of airfoil shaped
blades. This improves the static This proportional relationship allows
efficiency to about 86% and reduces capacity control to be actuated from
noise level slightly. The magnitude of motor power input. Disadvantages of
surge also increases with the airfoil this type of fan are higher cost and
blades. Characteristic curves for airfoil lower efficiency.
fans are shown in Fig. 4.
3-7
Technical Bulletin - TBN007.0/1998
AXIAL FANS
Axial fans are divided into three groups -
propeller, tubeaxial, and vaneaxial.
4-7
Technical Bulletin - TBN007.0/1998
5-7
Technical Bulletin - TBN007.0/1998
from direction of rotation. Deep blades allow for • Maximum efficiency requires close clearance
efficient expansion within blade passages. and alignment between wheel and inlet.
• Air leaves impeller at velocity less than tip speed.
• For given duty,has highest speed of centrifugal fan
designs.
• Efficiency only slightly less than airfoil fan. • Uses same housing configuration as airfoil
BACKWARD-
BACKWARD-
CURVED
• Higher pressure characteristics than airfoil, • Scroll. Usually narrowest of all centrifugal
backward-curved, and backward-inclined fans. designs.
RADIAL
• Curve may have a break to left of peak pressure • Because wheel design is less efficient, housing
and fan should not be operated in this area. dimensions are not as critical as for airfoil and
• Power rises continually to free delivery. backward-inclined fans.
• Flatter pressure curve and lower efficiency than the • Scroll similar to and often identical to other
airfoil, backward-curved, and backward-inclined. centrifugal fan designs.
FORWARD-
CURVED
• Do not rate fan in the pressure curve dip to the left • Fit between wheel and inlet not as critical as for
of peak pressure. airfoil and backward-inclined fans.
• Power rises continually toward free delivery.
Motor selection must take this into account.
• Usually low cost impellers have two or more blades smooth airfoil into wheel.
of single thickness attached to relatively small hub.
• Primary energy transfer by velocity pressure.
AXIAL FANS
• Somewhat more efficient and capable of developing • Cylindrical tube with close clearance to blade
more useful static pressure than propeller fan. tips.
TUBEAXIAL
• Good blade design gives medium- to high-pressure • Cylindrical tube with close clearance to blade tips.
capability at good efficiency. • Guide vanes upstream or downstream from
VANEAXIAL
• Most efficient of these fans have airfoil blades. impeller increase pressure capability and
• Blades may have fixed, adjustable, or controllable efficiency.
pitch.
• Hub is usually greater than half fan tip diameter.
• Performance similar to backward-curved fan • Cylindrical tube similar to vaneaxial fan, except
CENTRIFUGAL
except capacity and pressure are lower. clearance to wheel is not as close.
TUBULAR
• Lower efficiency than backward-curved fan. • Air discharges radially from wheel and turns 90°
• Performance curve may have a dip to the left of to flow through guide vanes.
peak pressure.
SPECIAL DESIGNS
• Low-pressure exhaust systems such as general • Normal housing not used, since air discharges
CENTRIFUGAL
6-7
Technical Bulletin - TBN007.0/1998
• Similar to airfoil fan, except peak efficiency slightly • Same heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning
lower. applications as airfoil fan.
• Used in some industrial applications where airfoil blade
may corrode or erode due to environment.
• Higher pressure characteristics than airfoil and backward- • Primarily for materials handling in industrial plants.
curved fans. Also for some high-pressure industrial requirements.
• Pressure may drop suddenly at left of peak pressure, but • Rugged wheel is simple to repair in the field. Wheel
this usually causes no problems. sometimes coated with special material.
• Power rises continually to free delivery. • Not common for HVAC applications.
• Pressure curve less steep than that of backward-curved • Primarily for low-pressure HVAC applications, such as
fans. Curve dips to left of peak pressure. residential furnaces, central station units, and packaged
• Highest efficiency to right of peak pressure at 40 to 50% air conditioners.
of wide open volume.
• Rate fan to right of peak pressure.
• Account for power curve, which rises continually toward
free delivery, when selecting motor.
• High flow rate, but very low-pressure capabilities. • For low-pressure, high-volume air moving applications,
• Maximum efficiency reached near free delivery. such as air circulation in a space or ventilation through
• Discharge pattern circular and airstream swirls. a wall without ductwork.
• Used for makeup air applications.
• High flow rate, medium-pressure capabilities. • Low- and medium-pressure ducted HVAC applications
• Performance curve dips to left of peak pressure. Avoid where air distribution downstream is not critical.
operating fan in this region. • Used in some industrial applications, such as drying
• Discharge pattern circular and airstream rotates or swirls. ovens, paint spray booths, and fume exhausts.
• High-pressure characteristics with medium-volume flow • General HVAC systems is low-, medium-, and high-
capabilities. pressure applications where straight-through flow and
• Performance curve dips to left peak pressure due to compact installation are required.
aerodynamic stall. Avoid operating fan in this region. • Has good downstream air distribution.
• Guide vanes correct circular motion imparted by wheel • Used in industrial applications in place of tubeaxial fans.
and improve pressure characteristics and efficiency of • More compact than centrifugal fans for same duty.
fan.
• Performance similar to backward-curved fan, except • Primarily for low-pressure, return air systems in HVAC
capacity and pressure is lower. applications.
• Lower efficiency than backward-curved fan because air • Has straight-through flow.
turns 90°.
• Performance curve of some designs is similar to axial
flow
fan and dips to left of peak pressure.
• Usually operated without ductwork; therefore, operates at • Low-pressure exhaust systems, such as general factory,
very low pressure and high volume. kitchen, warehouse, and some commercial installations.
• Only static pressure and static efficiency are shown for • Low first cost and low operating cost give an advantage
this fan. over gravity flow exhaust systems.
• Centrifugal units are somewhat quieter than axial flow
units.
• Usually operated without ductwork; therefore, operates at • Low-pressure exhaust systems, such as general factory,
very low pressure and high volume. kitchen, warehouse, and some commercial installations.
• Only static pressure and static efficiency are shown for • Low first cost and low operating cost give an advantage
this fan. over gravity flow exhaust systems.
* These performance curves reflect general characteristics of various fans as commonly applied. They are not intended to provide complete selection criteria, since
other parameters, such as diameter and speed, are not defined.
7-7