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Steel Work Design and Analysis of A Mobile Floor Crane
Steel Work Design and Analysis of A Mobile Floor Crane
SCIENCEDOMAIN international
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Authors’ contributions
This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Authors OPC and OEN designed the
machine and managed the analyses. Authors AOA and SJE conducted the literature searches and
improved the final manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Article Information
DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2016/23079
Editor(s):
(1) Joao Miguel Dias, Habilitation in Department of Physics, CESAM, University of Aveiro,
Portugal.
Reviewers:
(1) Alexandre Gonçalves Pinheiro, Ceará State University, Brazil.
(2) Derya Sevim Korkut, Duzce University, Turkey.
Complete Peer review History: http://sciencedomain.org/review-history/12662
ABSTRACT
The transportation of heavy machine parts and equipment within and outside the workshop has
been a source of concern and needs urgent attention because of the hazard it exhibits. This
negative effect on the health of engineers, led to the invention of the floor jib crane but research
shows that contemporary designs of floor jib crane fail over time when these static load is left on it
for a prolonged period of time. This project is centered on the design and fabrication of a mobile
floor crane equipped with a facility to lock the load at any level as a special feature, to tackle the
issue of failure due to static load. The mobile crane is designed to bear a maximum load of about
1000 kg, with a counter weight of 2.6 KN which gave the crane a 3.034 factor of safety. The
materials employed are; sheet metals, angular iron, bolts, nuts, metal rollers etc. The fabrication
processes involved drawing, marking out, cutting, filling, welding and assembling. For permanent
joints, the arc welding process was employed. As indicated earlier, the mobile floor crane gains its
significance in the transportation of heavy machine parts within and outside the workshop. It can
also be used to load and unload machine parts on trucks.
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bending moments and shear forces at various different working conditions. As the boom bear
points of the boom for minimum
um and maximum the load, it is subjected to bending force
boom lengths were thoroughly carried out while (maximum at the horizontal position),
considering functionality, manufacturability and compressive force (when the load is lifted above
economic availability cost of materials and the horizontal position) and tensile force (when
fabrication process. the load is below the horizontal position).
Therefore, for an efficient design, these forces
5.1 System Analysis were adequately taken into consideration.
Mathematical relationships were developed for 5.1.3 Locking device
the various parameters necessary for the
implementation of this design, corresponding to The load locking device is actually designed to
the sequence of their implementation. To ease keepp the load suspended even on cases of lift
design effort, it was divided into subsystems cylinder failure. To achieve this, a high strength
which include: Hydraulic cylinder, Boom, Mast, member is pivoted on the boom and is designed
Base, Load locking facility. to slot into grooves machined on the mast. This
member is subjected to compressive force and
5.1.1 Hydraulic cylinder
thus was designed to withstand
thstand such force.
The hydraulic cylinder (or the hydraulic actuator)
is a mechanical actuator that is used to give a 5.1.4 Mast
unidirectional force through a unidirectional
stroke. It has many applications, notably in The being the I-section
section of the machine is
engineering vehicles. designed fixed to the base and pivoting the boom
at the top. The mast is designed to be able to
5.1.2 Boom withstand the force transfer from the load locking
device, which will create a bending
ng effect at the
The boom was designed to adjust into three point of contact “E” between the mast and the
different lengths to enable easy operation on load locking device.
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Reaction forces acting on the wheels are determined by applying conditions of equilibrium,
∑ =0 ∑ = 0 [5], to the free-body diagram and push force equal to zero and with a
counter weight to prevent tipping.
1 1 1 1
+ + + + =2 + (sin 60)
2 2 2 4 2
1
= + + + + − (sin 60)
2 4 4 4 8 4
Substituting we have
Considering the condition ∑ = 0[5], at point and with a push force of 300 acting at a point 1
from the base.
1 3
[( − )+ ]= − + + +
2 4
− + + +
=
0[( − )+ ]
5.3 Design for Various Parts i.e. Cross sectional area of mast = 1156.18
5.3.1 Design for mast Since the mast is designed with four similar
rectangular sheets of 4mm thickness
Since
∴ Length of each sheet
= 12169.41 and = [6]
1156.18
But = 10.53 × 10 / [7] = = 72.26
4×4
12169.41
∴ 10.53 × 10 =
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no.
Also, = [6]
8896.443
∴ 10.53 × 10 =
= sin
⤹ +∑ =0 ∴ × + =0
=−
⤹ +∑ =0 ∴ × −( cos × ) +
=0
Similarly, the boom is designed with four similar 5.5 Bending Moment and Shear Force
rectangular sheet of 4 mm thickness as shown
Diagram
above
⤹ +∑ = 0 [5] ∴ ( cos × ) – ( × )
=0
cos × cos
= =
↑ +∑ =0 ∴ + cos − 0 =0
= − cos
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6. DESIGN FOR LOAD LOCKING DEVICE manufacturing processes used in the production
of the components.
Since the force on the load locking
7.1 Hand Lever
= 17792.886 , and =
For easy grip, the hand lever was designed in Y-
17792.886 shape. In the fabrication of the hand lever, the
∴ 10.53 × 10 = first process we undertook was the marking out
operation using the scriber and the measuring
I.e. Area of each groove = 1689.73 tape for accurate measurement and indication of
cutting marks in preparation for the cutting
But length of groove is the same as the width of operation. In the cutting operation being the next
mast operation, we utilized the vice for holding the
work piece firmly on the work bench and the
∴ Width of groove actual cutting of the sections was done with a
1689.73 hacksaw. With the aid of the welding machine
= = 23.38 the two sections were joined together to form the
72.26 Y-shape.
6.1 Stress Concentration at the Notches
7.2 The Base
2 2 × 25
= 1+ = = 10.53 × 10 1 + The base was designed as two different cuboid
10
= 63.18 × 10 / [8]. sections joined together to form a V-shape for
maximum balance of the machine. These cuboid
sections were made with four sheets of mild steel
of about 5mm thickness, joined into a cuboid
form with the aid of the of welding machine. At
the ends of the two sections, mild steel sheets
welding together to form cuboid similar to the
sections were welded parallel to the boom where
metal rollers were welded as well as on the
junction where the sections were welded
together for easy mobility.
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no.
8. ASSEMBLY PROCESS
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Chukwulozie et al.; BJAST, 13(5): 1-9, 2016; Article no.BJAST.23079
9. TESTING AND EVALUATION can also lift heavier loads. For the present
dimension we get a lift to a height of about 2 m.
The assembled machine was then tested to COMPETING INTERESTS
evaluate function and reliability of the machine.
The test was carried with various loads ranging Authors have declared that no competing
from 50-1000 kg and the test showed that as the interests exist.
load is increased, the effort required for actuating
of the lift cylinder increased i.e. increase in load REFERENCES
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© 2016 Chukwulozie et al.; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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