Prepared by Tariku

Maintain Equipment and Consumables

2004 E.C

MODULE TITLE: Maintain Equipment and Consumables

MODULE CODE: ICT ITS2 07 1110
NOMINAL DURATION:64 hrs

MODULE DESCRIPTION :
This unit defines the competence required to maintain the operation of
basic computer hardware and peripherals including the replacement of
consumables.
LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the module the learner will be able to:

>> Clean equipment
>> Replace and maintain consumables and supplies
>> Maintain equipment
Table of content
1.Cleaning equipments ………………………………………………………………………3
1.1 Introduction to cleaning equipments…………………………………………………… 3
1.2. Identifying cleaning tools and equipments ……………………………………………..3
1.3. Following OH & S guide lines …………………………………………………………11
2. Replacing and maintaining consumable and supply ……………………………………12
2.1. Identifying consumable equipment and their character ………………………………..13
2.2. Disposing consumable equipment…………………………………………………….13
2.2.1. Define disposal ……………………………………………………………………13
2..2.2. Disposing technique and methods ………………………………………………..13
3. Maintaining equipments …………………………………… ………………………….. 14
3.1. Overview of types of maintenance and safety rule …………………………………… 14
3.1.1 Maintenance procedure and techniques ………………………………………..16
3.1.2. Safety rules ……………………………………………………………………..16
3.1.3. . Implementing data security…………………………………………………….17
3.2. Identifying parts of your computer's………………………………………………...20

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1.Cleaning equipments
1.1 Introduction to cleaning equipments
Cleaning your computer and your computer components and peripherals helps keep the
components and computer in good working condition and helps keep the computers from
spreading germs. To the right is an example image of how dirty the inside of your computer case
can get. This example is a dirty computer case fan.

Depending on the environment that your computer operates in determines how often you should
clean your computer case. The below list is our recommendation and may change depending
upon your computer's environment.
1.2. Identifying cleaning tools and equipments

How often should I clean my computer?

The frequency of how often you should clean your computer varies on several different factors.
To help you determine how often you need to clean your computer we've created the below
chart. Check each of the boxes below that apply to your computers environment to determine
how often it should be cleaned.
Where is computer located?
In a home environment
In a clean office environment
In construction / industry environment
In school environment
Computer environment
Have cat / dog in same building as computer
Smoke in same building as computer
Smoke next to computer
Computer is on floor
Room that the computer is in has carpet
Eat or drink by computer
Who uses it?
Adult (18 and older)
Young adults (ages 10-18) use computer
Pre-teen (younger than 10) use computer
More than one person uses computer

Based off what has been checked above you should be cleaning your computer every months.

General cleaning Tips

Below is a listing of general tips that should be taken when cleaning any of the components or
peripherals of a computer as well as tips to help keep a computer clean.
Never spray or squirt any liquid onto any computer component. If a spray is needed, spray the
liquid onto a cloth and then use that cloth to rub down the component.
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 You can use a vacuum to suck up dirt, dust, or hair around the computer on the outside case.
However, do not use a vacuum for the inside of your computer as it generates a lot of static
electricity that can damage the internal components of your computer. If you need to use a
vacuum to clean the inside of your computer, use a portable battery powered vacuum designed to
do this job or try using compressed air.
When cleaning a component or the computer, turn it off before cleaning.
Be cautious when using any cleaning solvents; some individuals may have allergic reactions to
chemicals in cleaning solvents and some solvents can even damage the case. Try to always use
water or a highly diluted solvent.
When cleaning, be careful not to accidentally adjust any knobs or controls. In addition, when
cleaning the back of the computer, if anything is plugged in, make sure not to disconnect any of
the plugs.
When cleaning fans, especially the smaller fans within a portable computer or laptop it's
suggested that you either hold the fan or place something in-between the fan blades to prevent it
from spinning. Spraying compressed air into a fan or cleaning a fan with a vacuum may cause
damage or back voltage to be generated.
Never eat or drink around the computer.
Limit smoking around the computer.

Cleaning tools

Although many companies have created products to help improve the process of cleaning your
computer and peripherals, users can also use household items to clean their computers and
peripherals. Below is a listing of items you may need or want to use while cleaning your
computer or computer peripherals.

Keep in mind that some components in your computer may only be able to be cleaned using a
product designed for cleaning that component; if this is the case, it will be mentioned in the
cleaning tips.
Cloth - A cloth is the best tool used when rubbing down a component; although paper towels can
be used with most hardware, we recommend using a cloth when ever possible. Caution: We only
suggest you use a cloth when cleaning components such as the outside of the case, a drive,
mouse, etc. You should not use a cloth to clean any circuitry such as the RAM or motherboard
since they can generate ESD that can damage electronics.
Water or rubbing alcohol - When moistening a cloth, it is best to use water or rubbing alcohol.
Other solvents may be bad for the plastics used with your computer.
Portable Vacuum - Sucking the dust, dirt, hair, cigarette particles, and other particles out of a
computer can be one of the best methods of cleaning a computer. Over time, these items can
restrict the airflow in a computer and cause circuitry to corrode. Do not use a standard vacuum as
it can generate a lot of static electricity that can damage your computer.
Cotton swabs - Cotton swaps moistened with rubbing alcohol or water are excellent tools for
wiping hard to reach areas in your keyboard, mouse, and other locations.
Foam swabs - Whenever possible, it is better to use lint-free swabs such as foam swabs.

Case cleaning

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Why? Keeps the appearance of the computer looking new. During cleaning, if ventilation
locations are found, these can be cleaned helping the case keep a steady airflow to the computer,
keeping components cool and in good working condition.

Procedure: The plastic case that houses the PC components can be cleaned with a lint-free cloth
that has been slightly dampened with water. For stubborn stains, add a little household detergent
to the cloth. It is recommended that you never use a solvent cleaner on plastics.

Make sure all vents and air holes are hair and lint free by rubbing a cloth over the holes and
vents. It is also helpful to take a vacuum around each of the hole, vents, and crevices on the
computer. It is safe to use a standard vacuum when cleaning the outside vents of a computer;
however, if you need to clean the inside of the computer, use a portable battery powered vacuum
to prevent static electricity.

If you are looking for steps on cleaning the inside of the computer, see the motherboard cleaning
section.
CD-ROM, DVD, and other disc drive cleaning

Why? A dirty CD-ROM drive or other disc drives can cause read errors when reading discs.
These read errors could cause software installation issues or issues while running the program.

Procedure: To clean the CD-ROM drive we recommend purchasing a CD-ROM cleaner from
your local retailer such as a local Radio Shack. Using a CD-ROM cleaner should sufficiently
clean the CD-ROM laser from dust, dirt, and hair.

In addition to cleaning the drive with a special disc designed to clean drives users can also use a
cloth dampened with water to clean the tray that ejects from the drive. Make sure however that
after the tray has been cleaned that it completely dry before putting the tray back into the drive.

See the CD cleaning recommendation for further steps on cleaning each of your CDs.

CD and DVD disc cleaning

Why? Dirty CDs can cause read errors or cause CDs to not work at all.
Procedure: Cleaning CDs and DVDs should be done with a cleaning kit but can also be done
with a normal clean cotton cloth or shirt. When doing this with a clean cotton cloth or shirt, wipe
against the tracks, starting from the middle of the CD or DVD and wiping towards the outer side
as shown in the below picture. Never wipe with the tracks; doing so may put more scratches on
the disc.

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It is recommended when cleaning a CD that water is used. However, if the substance on a CD
cannot be removed using water, pure alcohol can also be used.

Hard disk drive cleaning

Why? While hard drives cannot be cleaned physically, they can be cleaned with various utilities
on the computer to help it run fast and more efficiently. Utilizing these utilities will prevent the
hard drive from slowing down.
Procedure: Refer to our basic troubleshooting section for your operating system for steps that
can be done to help improve the performance of your computer.
Headphones cleaning
Why? Headphones that are used by multiple people may need to be cleaned frequently to help
prevent the spreading of germs and head lice.

Procedure: If the headphones being used are plastic or vinyl, moisten a cloth with warm water
and rub the head and earpieces of the headphones. As mentioned earlier in our cleaning tips, it is
recommended that if your headphones are being used for a library or school that you do not use
any disinfectant or cleaning solvent as users may have allergic reactions to the chemicals they
contain.
Headphones that have cushions also have the availability of having the cushions replaced.
Replacing these cushions can also help keep the headphones clean.
Finally, in regards to headphones and the spreading of head lice, if multiple students are using
your headphones, you should consider having the students use their own headphones, using bags
that are placed over the headphones, or having headphones that can be wiped with warm water
after each student has used the headphones.
Keyboard cleaning
The below steps are for cleaning a standard desktop keyboard. See the cleaning a laptop
keyboard page for steps if you have a laptop.
Dust, dirt, and bacteria
The computer keyboard is often the most germ infected items in your home or office, often it
will contain more bacteria than your toilet seat. Cleaning it can help remove any dangerous
bacteria. Dirt, dust and hair can also build up causing the keyboard to not function properly.

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Procedure: Before cleaning the keyboard first turn off the computer or if you're using a USB
keyboard unplug it. Not unplugging the keyboard can result in causing other computer problems
as you may press keys that cause the computer to perform a task you don't want it to do.

Many people clean the keyboard by turning it upside down and shaking. A more effective
method is to use compressed air. Compressed air is pressurized air contained in a can with a very
long nozzle. aim the air between the keys and blow away all of the dust and debris that has
gathered there. A vacuum cleaner can also be used, but make sure the keyboard doesn't have
loose "pop off" keys that could possibly be sucked up by the vacuum.

If you wish to clean the keyboard more extensively you'll need to remove the keys from the
keyboard.

After the dust, dirt, and hair has been removed. Spray a disinfectant onto a cloth or use
disinfectant cloths and rub each of the keys on the keyboard. As mentioned in our general
cleaning tips, never spray any liquid onto the keyboard.

Substance spilt into the keyboard

If the keyboard has anything spilt into it (e.g. pop, cola, Pepsi, Coke, beer, wine, coffee, milk,
etc.), not taking the proper steps can cause the keyboard to be destroyed.

Procedure: Below are a few recommendations to help prevent a keyboard from becoming bad
once a substance has been spilt within it.

If anything is spilt onto the keyboard turn the computer off immediately or at the very least
disconnect it from the computer. Once done quickly flip the keyboard over helping to prevent the
substance from penetrating circuits. While the keyboard is upside down, shake the keyboard over
a surface that can be cleaned later. While still upside down, use a cloth to help clean out what
can be reached. After cleaned to the best of your ability leave the keyboard upside down for at
least one night allowing it to dry. Once dry, continue cleaning the keyboard with any remaining
substance.

If after cleaning the keyboard you have keys that stick remove the keys and clean below the
keys and the bottom portion of the key.

Finally, if the keyboard still works but remains dirty or sticky before discarding the keyboard as
a last resort try washing the keyboard in the dishwasher.

If after doing all the above steps the keyboard does not function properly or at all it's
recommended you buy a new keyboard.
LCD cleaning

Why? Dirt, dust, and finger prints can cause the computer screen to be difficult to read.

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Procedure: Unlike a computer monitor, the LCD / flat-panel display is not made of glass,
therefore requires special cleaning procedures.

When cleaning the LCD screen it is important to remember to not spray any liquids onto the
LCD directly, press gently while cleaning, and do not use a paper towel as it may cause the LCD
to become scratched.

To clean the LCD screen we recommend that you use a non-rugged microfiber cloth, soft cotton
cloth, or Swiffer duster. If a dry cloth does not completely clean the screen, you can apply
rubbing alcohol to the cloth and wipe the screen with the damp cloth. Rubbing alcohol is used to
clean the LCD before it leaves the factory.
Monitor cleaning
This section is for computer monitors if you have a LCD or flat-panel see the LCD cleaning
section.
Why? Dirt, dust, and fingerprints can cause the computer screen to be difficult to read.
Procedure: The glass monitor screen can be cleaned with ordinary household glass cleaner*. Be
sure to remove power from the monitor and spray the cleaner onto a lint free-cloth so the fluid
doesn't leak into the electrical components inside the monitor. Vacuum off any dust that has
settled on top of the monitor, and make sure no books or papers have been placed on the air
vents. Obstructed monitor vents can cause the monitor to overheat or even catch on fire.
We suggest using a cloth dampened with water when cleaning monitor on a screen that is not
made of glass or has any anti-glare protection on the screen. Using ordinary household glass
cleaner on special screens, especially cleaners with ammonia can remove anti-glare protection or
other special surfaces.
Motherboard cleaning
Why? Dust and especially particles of cigarette smoke can build up and corrode circuitry
causing various problems such as computer lockups
When inside the computer take the necessary ESD precautions and try to avoid unplugging any
cables or other connections.
Procedure: Our recommendation when cleaning the motherboard from dust, dirt, or hair is to
use compressed air. When using compressed air, hold it in the up-right position; otherwise, it is
possible chemicals may come out of the container that could damage or corrode the Motherboard
or other component within the computer. Also, ensure when using compressed air that you
always blow the dust or dirt away from the motherboard, or out of the case.
Another good alternative to compressed air is to use a portable battery powered vacuum that can
effectively remove the dust, dirt, and hair from the motherboard completely and prevent it from
getting trapped within the case. However, do not use a standard electricity powered vacuum as it
can cause a lot of static electricity that can damage the computer. When using the vacuum it is
vital that you stay a couple inches away from the motherboard and all other components to help
prevent contact as well as to help prevent anything from being sucked into the vacuum. Ensure
that you do not remove any small components with the vacuum such as jumpers.

When cleaning the inside of the case also look at any fans or heat sinks. Dust, dirt, and hair
collects around these components the most.
Mouse cleaning

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Why? A dirty optical-mechanical mouse (mouse with a ball) can cause the mouse to be difficult
to move as well as cause strange mouse movement.
Procedure: To clean the rollers of an optical-mechanical mouse, you must first remove the
bottom cover of the mouse. To do this, examine the bottom of the mouse to see what direction
the mouse cover should be rotated. As you can see in the below illustration, the mouse cover
must be moved counter clockwise. Place two fingers on the mouse cover and push the direction
of the arrows.

Once the cover has rotated about an inch, rotate the mouse into its normal position, covering the
bottom of the mouse with one hand and the bottom should fall off including the mouse ball. If
this does not occur, attempt to shake the mouse gently.
Once the bottom cover and the ball are removed, you should be able to see three rollers located
within the mouse. Use a cotton swab, finger, or fingernail to remove any substance. Usually,
there will be a small line of hair and dirt in the middle of the roller, remove as much as this
substance as possible.
Once you have removed as much dirt and hair as possible, place the ball back within the mouse
and place the cover back on.

If the mouse still appears to be having the same issue, repeat the above process; if after several
attempts the mouse is still having the same issues, it's likely that your mouse has other hardware
issues and we recommend that it be replaced.

Note: Cleaning your mouse pad with a damp cloth can also help improve a computer's mouse
movement.
Why? To help keep a mouse clean and germ free it can be helpful to clean the mouse.

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Procedure: Use a cloth moistened with rubbing alcohol or warm water and rub the surface of the
mouse and each of its buttons.
Printer cleaning
Why? Cleaning the outside of a printer can help keep the printer's appearance looking good; and
in the case of a printer that is used by many different people, keep the printer clean of germs.
Procedure: First, make sure to turn off the printer before cleaning it. Dampen a cloth with water
or rubbing alcohol and wipe the case and each of the buttons or knobs on the printer. As
mentioned earlier, never spray any liquid directly onto the printer.
Why? With some printers it may be necessary to clean the inside of the printer to help keep the
printer running smoothly.
Procedure: Because of how many different printers there are, steps in cleaning printers, and
printer manufacturer policies on cleaning the inside of the printer, we recommend you obtain the
printer cleaning steps from your printer manufacturer.

Scanner cleaning
Why? Flatbed scanners commonly become dirty with dust, fingerprints, and hair. When a
scanner is dirty, the images may have distortions.
Procedure: Clean a flatbed scanner's surface by spraying a window cleaner onto a paper towel
or cotton cloth and wipe the glass until clean. As mentioned earlier, never spray a liquid directly
onto the component.
To clean the outside of the scanner, the same towel or cotton cloth can be used.

Miscellaneous cleaning steps

Below are a listing of miscellaneous computer hardware that is rarely used today, but kept on
this page for the few people who are working on older computers and need to clean these
devices.
Floppy drive cleaning
Why? Dirty read/write heads on the floppy drive can cause errors during the reading or writing
process.
Procedures: The floppy drive can be cleaned two different ways. The first method of cleaning a
floppy drive, and our recommended method, is to purchase a kit at your local retail store
designed to clean the read/write heads on your floppy drive.
The second method of cleaning the floppy drive is only recommended for experienced computer
users. Open the floppy drive casing and physically swab the read/write heads with a lint-free
foam swab soaked in pure alcohol, free-on, or trichloroethane. When performing these steps, be
extremely careful when cleaning the heads to ensure that you do not lock them out of alignment
causing the floppy drive to not work. To help prevent the heads from becoming out of alignment,
use a dabbing motion lightly putting the swab on the head and removing it, do not perform a
side-to-side motion with the swab.
1.3. Following OH & S guide lines
Occupational safety and health
Occupational health and safety is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety,
health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. The goal of all occupational
health and safety programs is to foster a safe work environment.As a secondary effect, it may
also protect co-workers, family members, employers, customers, suppliers, nearby communities,
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and other members of the public who are impacted by the workplace environment. It may
involve interactions among many subject areas, including occupational medicine, occupational
(or industrial) hygiene, public health, safety engineering, chemistry, health physics.
Occupational Health & Safety (OH&S) Requirements
Employers are responsible for providing a healthy and safe work environment for their
employees. This section provides a brief summary of key issues and reference links relating to
OH&S requirements in the workplace under the following headings:
 Occupational Health and Safety Legislation
 Support
 Workstation Specific Issues
 First Aid Standards by Staff Numbers
 Relevant Links
1.4. Documenting maintenance action
What Does an Operator or Maintenance Technician Need?

An operator needs to:

* Understand how to operate the equipment safely,

* Have a grasp of the entire process and the function of each component in the process,
* Understand the purpose and basic use of all the controls,
* Perform basic adjustments and troubleshooting tasks, and
* Assist in changeovers.

A maintenance technician needs to:

* Understand the nuts and bolts of how each machine operates,

* Understand the control system that ties the machines together,
* Know how to effectively troubleshoot the process,
* Know how to effectively troubleshoot and repair the individual machines,
* Perform routine maintenance, and
* Perform setups and changeovers.

Operator Level Documentation Checklist

The ten most important features of an effective operator level documentation package are listed.

>>Accurate safety information - should provide a list of all the hazards associated with the
process, identify e-stop locations and zones, identify electrical disconnects, and identify air
shutoffs.
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 >>Basic process flow descriptions - should provide a process overview flow diagram that
identifies the function of each component.
>>Plant specific component operation descriptions - should provide descriptions of each
component at the level that supports the understanding of task specific information provided in
the SOPs (Standard Operating Procedures) and changeover instructions.
>>Clear and concise descriptions of all operator controls - should locate each control panel and
describe the controls. Where touch screens panels are used, it is useful to have screen hierarchy
diagrams and a description of the functions that are performed at each screen.
>>Symptom-based troubleshooting and tips - should locate and describe the process alarm
annunciators. It should also provide tables listing possible alarm messages with guidance for
responding to each alarm.
>>Quality task list - should identify the quality tasks and reference the documents needed to
perform each task.

2. Replacing and maintaining consumable and supply

What means consumables?

Consumables are products that consumers buy recurrently, i.e., items which "get used up" or
discarded.
2.1. Identifying consumable equipment and their character
What are Information Technology (IT) Consumables?
IT consumables are items that you use relating to your computer set-up.
Examples of IT consumables can include: -
 Ink cartridges
 Flash memory
 Printer parts
 Cables/leads
 Headsets
 Writable Compact Disks and DVDs
2.3. Disposing consumable equipment

2.3.1. Disposal of Computer Waste

“Disposal”refers to the reselling, reassignment, recycling, donating, or throwing out of IT
equipment through responsible, ethical, and environmentally sound means.It is illegal in several
states to simply throw computer parts, or old computers, in the trash. The average color CRT
monitor has about 4 pounds of lead in it. The rest of the computer is a buffet of heavy metals that
can cause liver damage, kidney failure, cancer, and a host of different diseases that affect not
only human beings but wildlife as well.
It is the duty of us techs, geeks, and nerds to properly recycle or dispose of our old computer
parts.
2.3.2. Alternative Uses for Old Computers
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Computer Donation: Donating your computer really is the best way to make use of it if no one in
your home is going to be using it. Rather than let it sit in your garage gathering dust, donate that
computer to a respected charity and get a big tax deduction at the same time!
File Servers are an interesting use for an old computer. If you know what you're doing, why not
turn that old computer into a network server? Most used computers still have enough power to
run a simple file server that can be used to share files with other people living in your home or
working at a business. A game server hosting your favorite online game is always a possibility, if
you don't want to sell your old computer.
Build a Computer for someone you know (or someone you don't know) with the parts from
your old PC. Not only is building a computer a fun thing to do, but this gives you the perfect
opportunity to do that over-the-top overclocking you've always wanted to do to that old AMD or
Intel processor.
Sure, you might have to go in on a couple of cheap new parts (like a decent heat sink), but if it
stays stable the future recipient of your frankenputer will be that much more impressed with your
PC building skills.

2.3.3. How do you dispose of used printer consumables?

1. dispose used consumables with recycling centers or the take back programs of printer
manufacturers.
2. don't dispose them, I re manufacture/reuse empty cartridges, drums and other
consumables.
3. refill toner cartridges for a number of print cycles and/or recycle OPC drums. I only get
rid of these once these have worn out.
4. Used consumables often end up with neighborhood trash bins.
2.3.4. Disposal Procedures and Environmental Guidelines
Many computer components, such as batteries, CRTs, chemical solvents, and toner kits
(for printers), contain harmful ingredients. Don't throw these items in the garbage! Many
of these items can be recycled, and a hazardous waste program can remove most.
Make sure you know the proper disposal procedures for each of the following items.

Batteries

Batteries for the computer often contain lithium, mercury, or nickel-cadmium, which
means that if they were to be thrown in the garbage and carried off to a landfill site, they
could contaminate the water and soil. You can take batteries to a recycling depot or, in
some cases, send them back to the manufacturer.

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CRTs
Many CRTs contain lead. If you dump them in the trash (and ultimately in a landfill), you
may contaminate the soil and water in your area and poison people. Don't do it! For this
reason, CRTs must be recycled or turned over to a hazardous waste program.

Toner Kits and Cartridges

The main concern about the disposal of toner kits and cartridges is that there are to
many of them. Most people go through several a year, and if they were all thrown in the
garbage, they would fill a landfill site. There are many ways of dealing with toner kits
and cartridges.
You can now refill these cartridges, which saves on environmental wear but wreaks
havoc on your printer. The printing quality from refilled cartridges is often less than that
of new cartridges and the refilled ink can cause the bubble jets on ink-jet printers to
clog.
Many manufacturers of these cartridges will buy back the used cartridges, refill them,
and then resell them, which is probably the best solution.

Chemical Solvents and Cans

Chemical solvents or cans for PC use (or for any other use, for that matter) con tain
many harmful chemicals that should not be placed in the ground. For this reason, you
simply cannot throw these in the garbage or they may damage the soil and water
supply. Instead, chemical solvents and cans must be picked up through a hazardous
waste program.

Material Safety Data Sheet

Most compounds, chemicals, and components come with a Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) that contains information about the product as well as any warnings, safe
disposal requirements, and safe methods of transportation. If an item comes without an
MSDS, you can obtain one from the manufacturer or locate one on the Internet.

3. Maintaining equipments
3.1. Overview of types of maintenance and safety rule
3.1.1. Maintenance Definition: maintenance is a set of organized activities that are carried out in
order to keep an item in its best operational condition with minimum cost acquired.
3.1. 2. Types of Maintenance

I. Preventive Maintenance (PM)

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 II. Corrective Maintenance (CM)
III. Improvement Maintenance (IM)
IV. Predictive Maintenance (PDM)
V. Run to Failure Maintenance (RTF)
Preventive Maintenance (PM)
The advantage of applying preventive maintenance activities is to satisfy most of maintenance
objectives.
good for those machines and facilities which their failure would cause serious
productionlossei
Its aim is to maintain machines and facilities in such a condition that breakdowns and
emergency repairs are minimized
Its activities include replacements, adjustments, major overhauls, inspections and lubrications.

Corrective Maintenance (CM)

In this type, actions such as repair, replacement, or restore will be carried out after the occurrence of a

. failure in order to eliminate the source of this failure or reduce the frequency of it'soccurrence

Improvement Maintenance (IM)

. It aims at reducing or eliminating entirely the need for maintenance

Predictive Maintenance (PDM)
Predictive maintenance is a set of activities that detect changes in the physical condition of equipment
(signs of failure) in order to carry out the appropriate maintenance work for maximizing the service life of

. equipment without increasing the risk of failure

Run to Failure Maintenance (RTF)

: This type of maintenance is useful in the following situations

1. The failure of a component in a system is unpredictable.

2. The cost of performing run to failure maintenance activities is lower than performing other activities of
other types of maintenance.

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3. The equipment failure priority is too low in order to include the activities of preventing it within the
planned maintenance budget.

3.1.3. Maintenance procedure and techniques

Maintenance work order
Identify the Nature problem
Identify cause of problem
Action code
Maintenance safety rules
Maintenance safety rules are safe guard of people and Pc components. It prevents people from
injury, equipment from damage.
A. Laboratory procedures
The work place or laboratory should have safety guidelines
B. Safe working conditions
The work place should be cleaned and organized
Think before some action
Implement Maintenance procedure
Identify equipment and software to be maintained
Identify resource for maintenance
Identify best practice and document

3.1.4. General Safety Rules

The following general safety rules have been developed to provide a safe and healthy working
environment for all employees and students. These apply to all work activities.
. Report to work well rested and physically fit to be able to give full attention to
your job.
 Persons with physical or mental impairment shall not be assigned to tasks where
their impairment has a potential to endanger themselves or others.
 No person shall be permitted to remain on the premises while their ability to work
is so affected by alcohol, drugs (prescription or non-prescription) or other
substance, so as to endanger their health or safety or that of any other person.
 Persons working alone shall be required to check-in regularly with Security or a
supervisor to ensure that their well being is maintained.
 Inappropriate behavior, such as horseplay, fighting and practical jokes are
extremely dangerous and will not be tolerated.
 Any unsafe conditions which are encountered shall be corrected or reported to
your Supervisor and/or the Occupational Health and Safety Department.
 Do not operate any machinery or equipment if it is known to be in an unsafe
condition.

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  Machinery and equipment, including vehicles, are only to be operated by
qualified persons and then only when adequately trained in the use of the
equipment and authorized to operate it.
 Unsafe Acts shall be reported to your Supervisor and/or the Occupational
Health and Safety Department.

3.1.5. Implementing data security

What is Data Security?

In simple terms, data security is the practice of keeping data protected from corruption and
unauthorized access. The focus behind data security is to ensure privacy while protecting personal or
corporate data.

Data security Technology

1. Folder/disk Encryption
Encryption is the process of converting data into a format that cannot be read by others. You can
use EFS(Encrypting File System) in Windows XP to automatically encrypt your data when it is
stored on the hard disk.
How to encrypt a folder in Windows XP?
NOTE : You can encrypt files and folders only on volumes that use the NTFS file system.

1. Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Accessories, and then click Windows
Explorer.
2. Locate and right-click the folder that you want, and then click Properties.
3. On the General tab, click Advanced.
4. Under Compress or Encrypt attributes, select the Encrypt contents to secure
data check box, and then click OK.
5. Click OK.
6. In the Confirm Attribute Changes dialog box that appears, use one of the
following steps:
6.4. If you want to encrypt only the folder, click Apply changes
to this folder only, and then click OK.
6.5. If you want to encrypt the existing folder contents along
with the folder, click Apply changes to this folder, sub folders
and files, and then click OK.
The folder becomes an encrypted folder. New files that you create in this folder are
automatically encrypted. Note that this does not prevent others from viewing the contents of
the folder. This prevents others from opening items in the encrypted folder. For example, if
another user attempts to open a Microsoft Word document that has been created in the
encrypted folder, the following message appears:

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Word cannot open the document: Username does not have access privileges
(drive:\filename.doc)
How to remove file or folder encryption in Windows XP
Only the following people can decrypt an encrypted file:

1. The user who encrypted the file

2. Any user who was designated as a recovery agent before the file was encrypted
3. Any user who has the public key or private key for the recovery agent or the user
who originally encrypted the file
4. Any user who has been granted access to the file
Members of the Administrators group cannot decrypt files unless the person who encrypted
the files designated them as recovery agents before encrypting the files.
To remove encryption from a folder, follow these steps:
1. Use Windows Explorer to locate the encrypted folder that you want to decrypt.
2. Right-click the folder, and then click Properties.
3. On the General tab, click Advanced.
4. Click to clear the Encrypt contents to secure data check box, click OK, and then
click OK again.
5. When you are prompted to confirm the attribute change:
5.4. If you want to decrypt only the folder, click Apply the
changes to this folder only, and then click OK.
5.5. If you want to decrypt the folder and its subfolders and
files, click Apply changes to this folder, subfolders and files, and
then click OK.

2. Back up: In information technology , a backup or the process of backing up is

making copies of data which may be used to restore the original after a data loss
event. The verb form is back up in two

How to use the Backup utility to back up files and folders in Windows XP
To back up your files and folders, follow these steps:
Note: In order to back up files and folders, you must be logged on to the computer as an administrator or
as a user who is part of the Administrators group.
The following steps explain how to use the Backup utility to back up your files and folders manually.
You can also use the Backup and Restore Wizard to back up your files and folders.
Step-1 start the Back up utility

1. Click Start, and then click Run.

2. Type ntbackup.exe in the Open box, and then click OK.

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 Note If you receive the following error message, make sure that you install the Backup
utility correctly:Windows cannot find 'ntbackup.exe'
Step-2 select items to back up and select the location for the back up file

1. Click Advanced Mode.

Note If the Backup and Restore Wizard starts, the utility is running in Wizard
mode. You can click to clear the Always start in wizard mode check box, and
then restart the Backup utility. If you continue to use the Backup and Restore
Wizard, the steps will be slightly different from those that are listed in the
following section.
2. Click the Backup tab.
3. On the Job menu, click New.
4. Select the check boxes next to the drives that you want to back up. If you select
specific files or folders, expand the drive where these files or folders are located.
Then, select the check boxes for the files or for the folders that you want to back
up.
5. Select the System State check box that is located under My Computer in the
navigation pane.

Note If you want to back up system settings and data files, back up all the data on
your computer and the System State data. The System State data includes the
registry, the COM+ class registration database, files that are under Windows File
Protection, boot files, and other system files.
6. If the Backup destination list is available, click the backup destination that you
want to use.

Note If you selected File in this step, type the full path and file name for which
you want to back up data in the Backup media or file name box.

You can specify a network share as a destination for the backup file. Typically,
backup files have the .bkf file name extension. However, you can use any file
name extension that you want.
Step-3 the back up

1. Click Start Backup to open the Backup Job Information dialog box.
2. Under If the media already contains backups, do either of the following:
2.4. If you want to append this backup file to previous backup
files, click Append this backup to the media. This option adds the
new backup to the existing backup file so that you can maintain all
previous backups in one file. This option is useful if you ever want
to restore a backup from a specific day. Be aware that the size of
the backup file will grow with each new backup. You might want

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 to monitor the file size to make sure that it does not fill up your
hard disk over time. If the file becomes too large, you might
consider saving the file to an external hard disk. Or, if you are
concerned about the file using too much hard disk space, select
Replace the data on the media with this backup instead.
2.5. If you want to overwrite previous backup files with this
backup file, click Replace the data on the media with this
backup. This option is useful if you only want to maintain the
current backup and do not care about keeping the previous backups.
Or, use this option if you are concerned about the file using too
much hard disk space on your computer.
3. Click Advanced.
4. Select the Verify data after backup check box.
5. In the Backup Type box, click the kind of backup that you want to create. For a
description of each backup type, click the backup type and the description appears
under "Description." You can select any of the following backup types:
5.4. Normal
5.5. Copy
5.6. Incremental
5.7. Differential
5.8. Daily
6. Click OK, and then click Start Backup. A Backup Progress dialog box is
displayed, and the backup starts.
Step-4 Exit the back up utility
1. When the backup is complete, click Close.
2. On the Job menu, click Exit.
3.2. Identifying parts of your computer's
Below are a list of the key components that will be necessary for building a complete system. Some items are not
mentioned on the list such as internal cables as they are generally included with other components such as the
motherboard. Similarly, peripherals such as a mouse , keyboard and monitor are also not listed. It is best to
check and make sure you also have them as well.

Th 1. case- is is the basis of a desktop computer system. All the other parts of the computer will reside within it.

Po 2. power Supply - it is necessary to get a power supply that works with your components and has sufficient power.

M 3. Motherboard - The motherboard is the backbone of the system. It determines the type of components that can be used with the system and the
number of internal peripherals the system can support. It will directly impact the processor used and total amount of memory that can be
supported.
3. Processor- The brain of the computer system. This will be the primary factor in how fast the system is. Choices were fairly simple
before but with the advent of multiple cores there is a bit more to consider then before.
4. Heat sink - it will also be necessary to have a CPU cooler. Without it, your CPU will quickly burn itself out. Make sure that any heatsink
you use is properly rated for your processor as well.
5. Memory - Without memory, the computer will not be able to function. The CPU needs it to store the code to tell it how to properly
process data.

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6. Hard Drive - The primary method of storage in all desktop computer system is a hard drive. Typically it will be a 3.5" hard drive
with either a Serial ATA interface.
7. DVD or Blu-ray Drive - Optical drives are the component used to install most of the software on a computer system. Without one,
it will be hard to even get an operating system installed. Most drives these days are DVD burners that can also playback and record
CDs as well. Blu-ray is an option for those wanting to watch HD movies.
8. Video Card - Unless the motherboard comes with a video connector, it will be necessary to install a video card into the computer
system. Graphics cards are typically only needed these days to deal with PC gaming, high definition video and multiple displays.
9. Sound Card (Optional) - Most motherboards now feature some form of built-in sound controller on them. As a result, sound cards are not
required unless you want higher fidelity computer audio or less reliance upon the CPU to assist with the computer audio.
10. Network Card (Optional) - Ethernet has become so common a media for networking computers that this should be a standard feature on
all motherboards. Some motherboards even feature wireless network adapters built in. A network card will only really be required if you
want to networking wirelessly and it isn't built onto the motherboard.

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