E11- Unit 6: GLOBAL WARMING

I. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the
other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. famine B. absorb C. admit D. global
2. A. capture B. transport C. atmosphere D. carbon
3. A. admit B. emit C. climate D. injure
4. A. infectious B. emission C. measure D. shortage
5. A. reduces B. diseases C. changes D. captures
II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the
position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
1. A. carbon B. conjure C. worldwide D. absorb
2. A. balance B. capture C. release D. harvest
3. A. infectious B. numerous C. supporting D. contribute
4. A. atmospheric B. fertilizer C. ecological D. catastrophic
5. A. disrupted B. develop C. confession D. atmosphere
III. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each
of the following sentences.
1. As emissions increase, it trap more heat in the atmosphere, leading to a period of unprecedented
A B C D
warming.
2. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the average temperature has raised by about 0.8°C and
A B C
this has far-reaching consequences.
D
3. It is claimed by scientists that climate change will affect the frequency and tension of
A B C
extreme events.
D
4. Global warming is a global emergency although it has caused abnormal climate change.
A B C D
5. In late October of 2012, the U.S. was struck by a devastated Atlantic storm in Hurricane Sandy,
A B
which was the deadliest and costliest to hit there that year.
C D
IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
sentences.
1. Many species are now ______danger of being extinct as a result of deforestation and habitat loss.
A. in B. on C. at D. with
2. The rainforests around the world are ______ threat of deforestation.
A. in B. by C. under D. on
3. To solve the problems of pollution, it is important to identify the ______ of it.
A. reasons B. purpose C. causes D. facts
4. The rivers in the local area are heavily polluted ______ wastes released from nearby factories.
A. from B. with C. of D. in
5. Animal ______ are being destroyed by human activities.
A. places B. habitats C. shelter D. accommodation
6. Global warming is among many factors that drive many species of animals to the ______ of
extinction.
 A. verge B. period C. corner D. bottom
7. The loss of biodiversity has a serious ______ on the survival of wildlife and humans.
A. affect B. problem C. impact D. influential
8. The success of wildlife preservation depends largely ______ people's awareness.
A. with B. of C. on D. by
9. Humans should try to maintain biodiversity as they ______ a lot from it.
A. achieve B. keep C. benefit D. attain
10. Many of our medicines are derived ______ animals and plants.
A. of B. from C. by D. to
11. Forests ______ humans with many valuable things.
A. give B. provide C. award D. bring
12. Many measures have been taken to ______ people's awareness of conservation.
A. increase B. rise C. promote D. raise
13. More wildlife ______ need to be built to save animals from extinction.
A. zoos B. parks C. reserves D. regions
14. Global warming can ______ the ecological balance, bringing about terrible consequences.
A. destroy B. upset C. converse D. injure
15. When can all animals be ______ from disappearance?
A. protected B. covered C. rescued D. poached
16. In regions of volcanoes, houses should be built with ______ materials.
A. destroyed B. destructible C. indestructible D. destroying
17. Toxic chemicals from factories are seriously ______.
A. contaminate B. contamination C. contaminated D. contaminating
18. It has been proven that humans and animals are ______ and that one's existence must be closely
linked with that of the other.
A. interdependent B. independent C. dependable D. dependent
19. ______ are trying to put a stop to the destruction of forests.
A. Conservation B. Conservationists
C. Conserve D. Conservatives
20. Conservation is a challenging job but we cannot ______.
A. give it on B. give it up C. put it on D. take it up
21. ______ of his job as a forester is to take care of these trees.
A. Part B. Half C. Most D. All
22. What needs to be done to save the animals that are ______ to extinction?
A. going B. nearly C. next D. close
23. ______ is one of the causes of the extinction of the rhinos.
A. Losing habitat B. Habitat losing C. Lost of habitat D. Habitat loss
24. Powdered rhino horn is said to be able to ______ people of their fever.
A. treat B. cure C. save D. rescue
25. There is a decline ______ the number of all these endangered species.
A. on B. by C. in D. with
26. A lot of ______ have been taken to reduce global warming and its consequences.
A. ways B. methods C. rules D. measures
27. People think they can make a ______ with rhino horns.
A. fortune B. wealth C. property D. riches
28. Jack has decided to ______ the time he spends watching television, thinking he can contribute
to reducing global warming effects.
A. run out of B. cut down on C. go in for D. come up with
29. - "I have thought of a way to save energy around the house!"" ______!"
A. Best wishes B. My dear C. Well done D. That's very well
30. - " ______ " - "All right then, if you insist."
A. She did it right then.
B. Are you sure you won't come for a drink with us?
C. What seems to be the trouble?
D. Everything was all right at the party, wasn't it?
V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following sentences.
1. The company admitted to discharging a lot of waste to the local river and was willing to take
responsibility for it.
A. denied B. addressed C. confessed D. threatened
2. Environmentalists fear that, if completed, the hydro-electric dam will severely disrupt the Danube
ecosystem.
A. upset B. benefit C. affect D. improve
3. Introducing a new species to the area may be injurious to the local eco-system.
A. beneficial B. unpredictable C. harmful D. annoying
4. The recent draught has led hundreds of victims to be famish and in terrible conditions.
A. extremely hungry B. in misery
C. completely senseless D. in debt
5. There were many differences of opinion regarding how contagious measles was and how it was
transmitted.
A. dangerous B. infectious C. mysterious D. measurable
VI. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word
or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Despite the wealth of information campaigns telling people about global warming and its
causes, most people have yet to realize how severe the problem is. Coming climate changes could
alter as (1) ______ as one third of plant and animal habitats (2) ______ the end of the 22 nd century.
These changes could in (3) ______ cause widespread extinctions among plant and animal (4)
______ around the globe.
Coastal and island habitats are perhaps in the greatest danger (5) ______ they face the
combined threats of warming oceans and rising sea (6) ______. As habitats change, many animals
will come (7) ______ intense pressure to find more suitable homes for themselves. Mass (8) ______
of at least some animals are certainly to be expected, but the fact remains that many animals will
simply not be able to move fast enough.
Such dire predictions may sound alarmist, but they are based on the rather moderate estimate
that the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will double by 2100. Many scientists believe,
however, that this figure is actually very conservative, and they claim that a tripling is (9) ______
more realistic. If they are (10) ______, the effects on nature will be even more dramatic.
1. A. well B. much C. long D. far
2. A. at B. until C. by D. since
3. A. turn B. order C. result D. line
4. A. types B. categories C. genres D. species
5. A. although B. providing C. since D. therefore
6. A. heights B. levels C. extents D. tides
7. A. from B. across C. under D. by
8. A. migrations B. onslaught C. emigration D. extinctions
9. A. far B. quite C. really D. almost
10. A. precise B. true C. exact D. correct
VII. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions.
The greenhouse effect is always reported as being a negative consequence of current human
lifestyle practices. However there certainly have been numerous suggestions of positive
consequences of the greenhouse effect.
A slight temperature increase in some of the colder parts of the world may improve conditions
for agriculture and changing rainfall patterns may favor some species over others. However, they do
not balance with overall negative impacts. The social, economic and ecological disorders brought
about by such climatic changes worldwide are projected to greatly outweigh regional benefits.
The impacts of global warming and climate change could become a source of increased tension
between nations and regions. While the developed, industrialized world is responsible for 75% of
all CO2 emissions, these impacts will most likely hit hardest upon the poorer, underdeveloped parts
of the world. For example, as sea levels rise countries like Bangladesh will suffer much more from
the loss of valuable and populated lands than European or North American countries, even though
they have emitted only a tiny fraction of the greenhouse gases.
The effect of drowning coastlines could lead to hundreds of millions of climate refugees.
Where will these refugees go? How will they be cared for? Undoubtedly, such a disaster will
seriously worsen the already critical refugee problem in the world. A severe disorder of the world's
food supplies through floods, droughts, crop failures and diseases brought about by climate change
would lead to famines, wars and civil disorder in many countries.
1. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Greenhouse effect brings us more benefits than negative impacts.
B. Greenhouse effect brings us more negative impacts than benefits.
C. Current reports on the greenhouse effect are not accurate.
D. Reports should focus on suggestions of positions consequences of the greenhouse effect.
2. Which of the following will suffer most from the impacts of climate change?
A. The developed countries
B. The developing countries
C. The countries with valuable and populated lands
D. European or North American countries
3. Why will there be an increased tension between countries?
A. The developed countries are a source of disasters upon the underdeveloped countries.
B. The developed countries head lots of climate refugees to the underdeveloped countries.
C. The developed countries will suffer more than the underdeveloped countries.
D. The European or North American countries will lose more valuable and populated lands.
4. The word "tiny" in the passage is closest in meaning to .
A. large B. small C. much D. considerable
5. According to the passage, climate change will result in all of the following EXCEPT .
A. coastline disorder B. refugee problem
C. famine D. crop failure
VIII. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions.
El Nino and La Nina
Typically, Pacific trade winds blow from east to west, transporting warm surface waters
westward, east of Indonesia and northeast of Australia. Thus, the water maintains a cold
temperature for much of the year. This is achieved by an upwelling of cold deep ocean-water,
which benefits fisheries in the Pacific Ocean lying near the equator. However, these trade winds
sometimes lose or gain strength in the Northern Hemisphere. This leads to an effect known as the
Southern Oscillation which refers to the two recurring weather patterns of El Nino and La Nina.
 El Nino, meaning the "boy," is the phenomenon that results in the temperature of the sea
surface off the coast of Peru increasing. This condition typically lasts for at least six months. Thus,
there is a reduction in dissolved oxygen in the ocean so marine life declines devastating fisheries. It
also fuels major differences in air pressure near the Pacific Ocean, which in turn leads to more
severe weather events including droughts, increased precipitation, flooding, and even cyclonic
storms like hurricanes. Usually, the eastern Pacific region has an upswing in heavy rains to cause
flooding, and in contrast, Australia and Indonesia have droughts, often with accompanying forest
fires. These two opposing weather events hurt agriculture. For instance, the 1982 — 1983 El Nino,
recognized as the worst weather event of the century, hit hard in the U.S. by dropping huge amounts
of rainfall on the southern California coast, which resulted in millions of dollars of damage while
necessitating the evacuation of 10,000 people.
El Nino counterpart, La Nina, meaning "the girl," contrastingly forms when Pacific trade winds
grow more powerful than usual. It is the result of the cooler-than-average temperatures of South
American equatorial surface waters which cause global cooling. La Nina's duration usually lasts for
9 to 12 months and although forming in the Pacific region, it can wreak havoc across large swaths
of the world. During the winter months, the western Pacific areas including Australia, Malaysia, and
the Philippines have much greater rainfall. Conversely, unusually dry conditions settle in over
North America's Gulf Coast and large sections of South and Central America as well. Additionally,
in the Canadian and American West, there is a cooling effect.
By studying the patterns of the El Nino and La Nina cycles, meteorologists have come to better
understand their impacts on global weather phenomena. They are thus better able to make
predictions especially in terms of not only the strength of each stage, but also when either will fizzle
out or begin again, allowing governments to better prepare for floods and droughts which come
with each cycle and to prevent billions of dollars in losses and damage. Thereby, the areas under
their influence need accurate forecasts to reduce the wide-reaching effects these phenomena have
across many facets of both the environment and the economy.
1. The word "upwelling" in the passage most likely means ________.
A. climbing B. surging C. rising D. fluctuating
2. Which of the following is stated in paragraph 1 ?
A. Cold water is conducive to marine life and beneficial to the fishing industry
B. El Nino and La Nina are yearly recurrences affecting the Earth's climate and weather systems
C. Some regions in Indonesia and Austria are often damaged by the Southern Oscillation.
D. Trade winds blow to the east across the Pacific ocean cooling ocean temperatures.
3. Why are droughts, increased precipitation, flooding, and even cyclonic storms mentioned?
A. To compare the damage in the eastern and western Pacific regions
B. To name some of the devastating results of El Nino
C. To contrast the power between El Nino and La Nina
D. To show that there are worse outcomes compared to a difference in air pressure
4. The word "fuels" in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.
A. decreases B. increases C. supplies D. distinguishes
5. It is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 that ________.
A. one El Nino event can be expected to last at least half a year
B. Pacific trade winds that cause El Nino are weaker than ones that cause La Nina
C. El Nino is caused by a rise in water temperatures off Peru's shores
D. marine life is affected by lowered oceanic oxygen levels
6. The words "wreak havoc" in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.
A. bring benefits B. blow winds C. release heat D. cause damage
7. The word "They" in the passage refers to ________.
A. the El Nino and La Nina cycles B. meteorologists
C. global weather phenomena D. governments
8. The main purpose in paragraph 4 is to ________.
A. show the detrimental effects the El Nino and La Nina cycles have on the art of weather
prediction
B. refute the idea that predictions are far too costly given their limited applications
C. demonstrate the importance of predicting the patterns of the Southern Oscillation
D. emphasize the excellence of the current scientific technology used in prediction
9. According to the passage, all of the following are mentioned EXCEPT ________.
A. the equatorial region in the Pacific Ocean in which the circulation of cold water mostly occurs
B. meteorologists' capability to forecast the strength of cyclonic storms
C. Malaysia's higher levels of precipitation in winter when there is a La Nina
D. experts' prediction power to state when each cycle of El Nino and La Nina will start and stop
10. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. More government money will be spent on technology to better predict the phenomena and
save money in the long run.
B. Global warming will change the patterns of El Nino and La Nina in a few years.
C. Countries whose economy is largely dependent upon fishing would place a higher value on
prediction than countries which rely primarily upon agriculture.
D. The government of Peru pays more attention to monitoring ocean temperatures than other
countries do.
IX. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of
the following sentences.
1. Many species are threatened with extinction due to deforestation and loss of habitat.
A. Deforestation and loss of habitat threaten many species so that they will become extinct.
B. Many species lost their habitat because of deforestation and now they are extinct.
C. Deforestation and loss of habitat are driving many species to the verge of extinction.
D. Many species are extinct, so they run the risk of deforestation and loss of habitat.
2. Motor vehicles running on petrol are responsible for a large amount of carbon dioxide emission.
A. Because of releasing a large amount of carbon dioxide, motor vehicles run on petrol.
B. A large amount of carbon dioxide emission results from motor vehicles running on petrol.
C. A large amount of carbon dioxide emission causes motor vehicles to run on petrol.
D. Emitting a large amount of carbon dioxide is one of the responsibilities of motor vehicles
running on petrol.
3. Global warming has proven truly catastrophic for the environment.
A. The environment has been made catastrophic by global warming.
B. It is true that global warming is a catastrophe caused by the environment.
C. It has been proven that global warming is harmful to the environment.
D. The environment has been truly dangerous because of global warming.
4. The alarming rate of deforestation results in damage to the quality of the land.
A. It is alarming that deforestation damages the quality of the land.
B. The quality of the land deteriorates as the result of the alarming rate of deforestation.
C. The alarming rate of deforestation results from damage to the quality of the land.
D. The damage to the quality of the land is to blame for the alarming rate of deforestation.
5. Not many people are aware of the dangers of plastic bags to the environment.
A. People are totally unaware of the dangers of plastic bags to the environment.
B. People are fully aware of the dangers of plastic bags to the environment.
C. The dangers of plastic bags to the environment came to the attention of only a few.
D. It is time that people were aware of the dangers of plastic bags to the environment.
X. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of
sentences given.
1. The company had dumped large amounts of waste into the river. It was strongly criticized for
that.
A. Having been strongly criticized, the company dumped large amounts of waste into the river.
B. The company had dumped large amounts of waste into the river, which was strongly
criticized.
C. Dumping large amounts of waste into the river is critical to the company's strength.
D. The company was strongly criticized for having dumped large amounts of waste into the
river.
2. Electronic devices use energy. They do it even when they are turned off
A. Even when turned off, electric devices use energy.
B. Electronic devices use energy unless they are turned off.
C. Because of their energy use, electronic devices are turned off.
D. In spite of their energy use, electronic devices are turned off.
3. There are some ways to help reduce global warming. Cutting down energy use is one of them.
A. Cutting down energy use is the only way to reduce global warming.
B. Global warming is among many ways to cut down energy use.
C. Helping reduce global warming is a way to cut down energy use.
D. Cutting down energy use is one of the ways to reduce global warming.
4. Jonas had come up with a way to help save energy used in class. His classmates admired him for
that.
A. Having come up with a way to help save energy used in class, his classmates admired Jonas.
B. Having come up with a way to help save energy used in class, Jonas earned his classmates'
admiration.
C. Jonas admired his classmates for having come up with a way to help save energy used in
class.
D. Being admired by his classmates, Jonas came up with a way to help save energy used in class.
5. Sara's classmates said that she littered on the school yard. She denied it.
A. Sara denied having littered on the school yard.
B. Sara denied her friends' littering on the school yard.
C. Having littered on the school yard, Sara's classmates denied it.
D. As Sara denied it, her classmates said that she littered on the school yard.