1.

Cấu trúc 

Khái niệm: Câu điều kiện loại 2 dùng để diễn tả sự việc hay điều kiện “không thể” xảy
ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai. Và thường được biết đến là câu điều kiện không có thật ở
hiện tại. Điều kiện chỉ là một giả thiết, một ước muốn trái ngược với hiện tại.
 If I had a million USD, I would buy a Audi. (Nếu tôi có một triệu đô la, tôi sẽ
mua chiếc xe Audi.) ⇐ hiện tại tôi không có tiền.
Mệnh đề điều kiện Mệnh đề chính
If + S + V-ed /V2 S + would / could / should + V1
To be: were / weren't (wouldn't / couldn't + V1)
 
IF QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN (WERE) // WOULD/COULD + V NGUYÊN
Cách dùng
>>> Dùng để diễn tả sự việc, khả năng trái ngược hoặc không thể diễn ra ở thực tại
hoặc tương lai.
 Ex: If he were here now, the party would be more exciting. (Hiện tại anh ấy
không có mặt ở bữa tiệc)
>>> Dùng để khuyên bảo (If I were you. . .)
 Ex: If I were you, I would never buy that car. (nếu tôi là bạn tôi sẽ không bao
giờ mua chiếc xe đó).

2. Bài tập vận dụng

3. If I_________more help, I would call my neighbor.

a. needed                    B. should I need  C. could need   D. I should need

2. …. , I would have passed the exam
A.

4. __________then what I know yesterday, I would have saved myself a lot of time and
trouble over the years.

a. had I known                      B. did I know               C. If I know   D. If I would know

5. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people __________the
same language?
a. spoke                   B. speak                C. had spoken  D. will speak

6. If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this, __________this incident
again.

a. I will never mention   B. I never mention

c. will I never mention              D. I don’t mention

7. If I had known you were asleep, I __________so much noise when I came in.

a. didn’t make                  B. wouldn’t have made

c. won’t make               D. don’t make

8. Unless you __________all of my questions, I can’t do anything to help you.

a. answered                  B. answer  C. would answer  D. are answering

9. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I __________it.

a. would have never believed                          B. don’t believe

c. hadn’t believed                                         D. can’t believe

10. If Jake __________to go on the trip, would you have gone?

a. doesn’t agree                  B. didn’t agree   C. hadn’t agreed  D. wouldn’t agree

11. J: “John went to the hospital alone”,

K: “If __________,I would have gone with him”.

a. had he told me                  B. he had told me  C. he has told me  D. he would tell me

12. If you __________, I would have brought my friends over to your house yesterday to
watch T.V, but I didn’t want to bother you.

a. had studied                   B-studied  C. hadn’t studied   D. didn’t study

13. Peter: “Did you need help with your Math last night?”.

Mary: “If I had needed, I __________you”.

a. would call               B. called   C. would have called            D. will call

14. If someone __________ in to the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”

a. comes              B. came  C. come  D. should come

15. “Here’s my phone number”.

“Thanks. I‘ll give you a call if I __________some help tomorrow”

A. need B. needed C. will need D. had needed
Bài 2
Using the given information, make conditional sentences with IF
1. They are poor, so they can’t help us.
→ If they werent poor, they could help us
2. He doesn’t do his homework. He is always punished.
→ If he does his homework, he wont be punished /
3. He doesn’t have enough time. He can’t help me.
→ If he had enough time, he could help me
4. She doesn’t take any exercise, so she is overweight.
→ If she took any exercise, she wouldn’t be overweight
5. He doesn’t have a bicycle, so he always goes to class late.
→ He wouldn’t go to class late if he had a bicycle
6. I am bad at English, so I can’t do homework.
→ I could do homework if I were not bad at English
7. He doesn’t practise speaking French, so he doesn’t speak it fluently.
→ If he practised speaking French, he would speak it fluently
8. The meeting can be cancelled because it snows heavily.
→ If it didn’t snow heavily, the meeting couldn’t be cancelled
9. We don’t go because it will rain.
→ If it didn’t rain, we would go
10. John is fat because he eats so many chips.
→ If John didn’t eat so many chips, he wouldn’t be fat
Bài 3 (2)
Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense
1) If you___ _______ (help) your grandma, I__________ (do) the shopping.
2) Andrew__________ (water) the flowers if he__________ (stay) at home.
3) If she__________ (have) 5 pounds more, she__________ (buy) herself this T-shirt.
4) If they__________ (offer) me the job, I__________ (take) it.
5) You__________ (have) summer holidays from June till August if you__________
(live) in the USA.
6) We__________ (sell) the bike for 20 Euros if Ron__________ (repair) it.
7) If you__________ (use) a pencil, the drawing__________ (be) perfect.
8) The children__________ (be) happy if he__________ (teach) them English.
9) If Peter__________ ( visit) us, we__________(go) out tonight.
10) They__________ (come) again if he __________ (plan) a second stay.
Bài 4
1. Peter doesn't know her house. He can't send her a gift.
2. There are too many tourists visiting the area. The beach is heavily polluted.
3. Jack doesn't show respect to the local cultures. The people there get offended.
4. Hoa keeps putting things off. She misses the deadline of the project.
5. Tourists use local services. They help to create more jobs for the locals.
6. Be hurry or you will miss the train.
7. Work hard otherwise you will regret it later.
8. Animals are forced to participate in performances to entertain tourists. They are
harmed and injured.
Bài 5
1. I would repair the roof myself if I (have) _________________a long ladder.
2. Unless they turn that radio off, I (go) _________________mad.
3. If you were made redundant, what you (do) _________________?
4. We'll have a long way to walk if we (run) _________________out of petrol here.
5. If you shake that bottle of port, it (not be) _________________ fit to drink.
6. If you spoke louder, your classmates (understand) _________________ you.
7. I'll probably get lost unless he (come) _________________with me.
8. You (not have) _________________ so many accidents if you drove more slowly.
9. If she (leave) _________________ the fish here, the cat will eat it.
10. You (have) _________________ no trouble at school if you finished your
homework.
Câu điều kiện loại 3 
Khái niệm về câu điều kiện loại 3:

 Câu điều kiện loại III là câu điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ.
 Điều kiện không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ, chỉ mang tính ước muốn trong
quá khứ, một giả thiết trái ngược với thực trạng ở quá khứ.

Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 3

If + QKHT, Would/Could/Should (not) + have + V3/ed

Trong câu điều kiện loại 3, động từ của mệnh đề điều kiện chia ở quá khứ hoàn
thành, còn động từ của mệnh đề chính chia ở điều kiện hoàn thành (perfect
conditional).

IF S + HAD VP3, S + WOULD/COULD/SHOULD + HAVE +VP3

Ex:

 If he had come to see me yesterday, I would have taken him to the

movies. (Nếu hôm qua nó đến thăm tôi thì tôi đã đưa nó đi xem phim
rồi.)
 If I hadn’t been absent yesterday, I would have met him. (Nếu hôm
qua tôi không vắng mặt thì tôi đã gặp mặt anh ta rồi.)

Bài tập
1. If I had known my friend was in hospital, I (go) ____ to see her.
2. I did not see you in the pool yesterday. If I had seen you, I (swim) ____ with
you.
3. My mother did not go to the gym yesterday. She (go) _ ___ if she had not been
so tired.
4. She (not/ leave) _ ___ home if her father had not disturbed her.
5. If he had been looking in front of himself, he (not/walk) _ ___ into the wall.
6. The view of the mountain was wonderful. If I had had a camera, I (take) __
some pictures.
7. She was not thirsty. If she had been thirsty, she (drink) ____ some water.
8. If my grandmother had gone to the university, she (study) __ science. She likes
science a lot.
9. If I had known how to swim, I (swim) ___ when we went to the beach.
10. If you had given a direct address to me, I (find) __ that museum easily.
11. If I had had enough money, I (buy) a big house for myself.
12. We (go) _ ___ for the picnic yesterday if the weather had not been rainy.

Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp 

Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp là sự kết hợp của câu điều kiện loại 3 (ở mệnh đề If) và câu
điều kiện loại 2 (ở mệnh đề chính). Điều đó có nghĩa là mệnh đề giả thiết là chia
thì quá khứ hoàn thành, còn mệnh đề chính dùng would. Ý nghĩa của câu điều kiện
kết hợp loại 1 chính là giả thiết không có thật ở quá khứ và kết quả thì không có
thật cho đến cả ở hiện tại (khác với câu điều kiện loại 3 thuần túy là kết quả không
có thật ở quá khứ).
Mệnh đề If Mệnh đề chính
If + S + had + PP S + would + V (nguyên thể)
 Đầu 3 đuôi 2
Ví dụ:
 If I had worked harder at college // I would be a successful man now.
(Nếu tôi học hành chăm chỉ hơn ở trường đại học thì bây giờ tôi đã trở thành một
người thành công rồi) => Sự thật là trong quá khứ tôi đã không học hành chăm
chỉ, và kết quả của điều đó xuất hiện trong thực tại là tôi không thành công.
 If you had looked at the map, you wouldn’t be lost. 
(Nếu bạn nhìn bản đồ, bạn đã không bị lạc) => Nếu trong quá khứ bạn xem bản
đồ thì bây giờ chúng ta đã không lạc.

Bài tập
1. If he …………………….. the lottery last year, he……………………..rich now.
A. have won/would be 
B. had won/would be 
C. won/would be 
D. wins/will be
2.If you ……………………..the homework yesterday,
you…………………..bonus today.
A. had done/would get 
B. had done/would have got 
C. done/would get 
D. does/will get
3. If the kids had gone to school last Thursday, they………..to the library now.
A. would go 
B. will go 
C. could go 
D. A&C
4. If it ……………………………last night, it would be cold this morning. 
A. had snowed
B. snowed
C. have snowed
D. was snowing
5. If Megan……………….to you, she……………………..in trouble right now.
A. had listened/would be 
B. had listened/would have be 
C. had listened/would not be 
D. A & B
6. If it had rained three hour ago, the streets………… wet now.
A. would have be
B. will be 
C. be 
D. would be
7. If I ……………….to the beach last weekend, I would be tired today.
A. have gone
B. goes 
C. had gone
D. A & B
8. If we had bought that ticket yesterday, we……………….a lot of money now. 
A. will have 
B. may have 
C. would have had 
D. would have
9. If you had done all your homework last night, you………games right now. 
A. will play 
B. can play 
C. plays 
D. could play.
10. If Mai …….. out last week, she………………die now.
A. will     
B. would   
C. could   
D. B&C