CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (Câu điều kiện)

1. Type 1: điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
If clause Main clause
S + V1 / V s(es) S + will / can/ may + V1
(don’t / doesn’t + V1) (won’t / can’t + V1)

2. Type 2: điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại

If clause Main clause

S + V-ed / V2 S + would / could / should + V1
(didn’t + V1) (wouldn’t / couldn’t + V1)
To be: were / weren’t
3. Type 3: điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ

If clause Main clause

S + had + P.P S + would / could / should + have + P.P
(hadn’t + P.P) (wouldn’t / couldn’t + have + P.P)

4. Những cách khác để diễn đạt câu điều kiện:

a. Unless = If …not
If you don’t work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living.
= Unless ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. Without: không có = if … not
Without water, life wouldn’t exist.
= If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:
1. Mệnh đề chính trong câu điều kiện loại 1 có thể là một câu đề nghị hoặc lời mời
If you see Peter at the meeting, please tell him to return my book.
If you are free now, have a cup of coffee with me.
2. Dạng câu: Mệnh lệnh + or + Clause
- If you don’t + V1, Clause
- If you aren’t + …, Clause

Exercise 1:
1. She doesn’t live in London because she doesn’t know anyone there.
 If ……………………………………………………………….
2. I don’t have a spare ticket. I can’t take you to the concert
 If I ………………………………………………………………...
3. The schoolchildren sowed some seeds, but they forgot to water them so they didn’t grow.
 If the children …………………………………………………….
4. They don’t understand the problem. They won’t find a solution
 If they …………………………………………………………….
5. Carol didn’t answer the phone because she was studying.
 If Carol ……………………………………………………
6. He doesn’t see the signal so he doesn’t stop his car
 If he ………………………………………………………………….
7. Peter gets bad marks because he doesn’t prepare his lessons well
 If Peter ………………………………………………………………
8. Mary doesn’t have enough money. She can’t buy a new car.
- If Mary ………………………………………………………………
9. I would have visited you before if there _____ quite a lot of people in your house.
A. hadn't B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. wasn't
10. If you had caught the bus, you _____ late for work.
A. wouldn't have been B. would have been C. wouldn’t be D. would be
11. If I _____, I would express my feelings.
A. were asked B. would ask C. had been asked D. asked
12. If _____ as I told her, she would have succeeded.
A. she has done B. she had done C. she does D. she did
13. Will you be angry if I _____ your pocket dictionary?
A. stole B. have stolen C. were to steal D. steal
14. If he (listen) _____________ to his father’s advice, he would still be working here.
15. If she hadn’t stayed up late last night, she (not / be) ____________ tired now

Exercise 2: Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense

1. If I meet him, I (tell)______ him to come see you immediately
2. If Julia (repair) ______this old computer, he (use) ______it for another two years.
3. If I were you, I (go)______ to that seminar for more expertise.
4. You (do)______ everything more perfectly if you listen to what I say.
5. If he (win) _______ the contest this time, he (be)______ very rich…
6. If she (work)______ lazily, she would be fired.
7. If Jenny (have)______ more time, she will complete the entry very much better.
8. If it (rain)______ heavily, everyone has to postpone flight to Tokyo.
9. If I (know)______ that you felt tired, I (come) ______ to drive you.
10. If Jack (clean) ______ his house clean, he will be rewarded with candy from his mother.
11. If I (have)______ a wish, I would wish I had lots of money.
12. If he (love)______ me, he (do) _______ anything to conquer me.
13. If I see where your watch is, I (notify)______ you immediately.
14. If she (win) ______ that test, she (have)______ a good car.
15. If I (agree)______ to go to the party last night, I (meet) _______ my former boss.
16. I (prepare) ______ everything perfect for the party if you (pay) ______ me high rent.
17. My family (go) _______ to the resort if the weather hadn’t been so bad today.
18. If you (give) _______ me a reasonable discount, I (buy) ______ these goods in bulk.
19. Lisa (feel) ______ very happy if her boyfriend (show) ______ up suddenly at the party.
20. If you (send) _______ an invitation to them, they would not come to this party.
21. If John (speak) ______Chinese well, he (have) ______ the opportunity to attend a meeting with the
Chinese partner.
22. He would never have known this secret if his mother (not reveal) ______ it so soon.
23. Rose will be left behind in her travels if she (continue) ______to rest like this.
24. If you (lend) ______ me money, I’ll buy a new phone for work.
25. You will be honored to contribute to the completion of this project if you (put) ______ effort into it.
26. Mary (visit) ______ her hometown in March if she (not have) ______ any unexpected work.
27. If I (be) ______ you, I (not accept) ______ becoming his subordinate.
28. If you (not help) ______ me with this project, I (not be) ______ able to finish it so well.
29. He will be fined if he (continue) ______ to answer the phone while driving.
30. You (feel) ______more excited if you (join) ______ this concert.
Exercise 3: Complete each of the following sentences so that it means the same as the sentence before
1. She doesn’t live in London because she doesn’t know anyone there
→ She’d ……………………………………………………………….
2. I can’t live in the country because I can’t find a job there
→ I’d ………………………………………………………………..
3. I don’t have a spare ticket. I can’t take you to the concert
→ If I ………………………………………………………………...
4. The schoolchildren sowed some seeds, but they forgot to water them so they didn’t grow.
→ If the children ………………………………………………………..
5. They don’t understand the problem. They won’t find a solution
→ If they …………………………………………………………….
6. He sits around too much. He isn’t fit.
→ If he ………………………………………………………………
7. Carol didn’t answer the phone because she was studying..
→ If Carol ……………………………………………………
8. Rita is exhausted today because she didn’t get any sleep last night.
→ If Rita ………………………………………………………
9. She’s very thin; perhaps that’s why she feels cold so much.
→ If she …………………………………………………….
10. He never polishes his shoes, so he never looks smart
→ If he ……………………………………………………..
11. He can’t park near his office; that’s why he doesn’t come by car
→ If he ……………………………………………………..
12. My house is guarded by two big dogs. That’s the only reason it isn’t broken into every night
→ If my house …………………………………………………………
13. The flats are not clearly numbered, so it is very difficult to find anyone.
→ If the flats …..………………………………………………………..
14. I don’t know her e-mail address, so I can’t tell you
→ If I …………………………………………………………………….
15. She works in the evening. She has no time to play with her children
→ If she ………………………………………………………………….
16. I don’t want them to be upset, so I’ve decided not to tell them what happened.
→ They ……………………………………………………………..
17. I am not tall enough to join the basketball team
→ If I ……………………………………………………………………
18. He doesn’t see the signal so he doesn’t stop his car
→ If he ………………………………………………………………….
19. Peter gets bad marks because he doesn’t prepare his lessons well
→ If Peter ………………………………………………………………
20. Mary doesn’t have enough money. She can’t buy a new car.
→ If Mary ………………………………………………………………
21. Go right now or you’ll be late for the train.
→ If you………………………………………………………………….
22. He doesn’t apply for the job because he doesn’t have enough qualifications.
→ If he ………………………………………………………………….
23. Hurry up, or we will be late for the exam.
→ If we …………………………………………………………………
24. They do not understand you because you do not often talk to them.
→ If you …………………………………………………………………
25. Because you speak English unnaturally, they do not understand you.
→ If you …………………………………………………………………