CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (Câu điều kiện)

TYPE 1: điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai

V1(s /es) / (am /is/are) will / shall / can + V1

If + S + S+
don’t / doesn’t + V1 won’t / can’t / shan’t + V1
(am not/ are not/ is not)

EX: If I save enough money, I will buy a new car.

TYPE 2: điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại

V2/-ed / (were) could / would/ should + V1

If + S + S+
didn’t + V1 / (weren’t) couldn’t / wouldn’t / shouldn’t + V1

EX: If I were you, I would tell the truth.

TYPE 3: điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ

had + V3/-ed could / would/ should + have + V3/-ed

If + S + S+
hadn’t + V3 /-ed couldn’t / wouldn’t / shouldn’t + have + V3/-ed

EX: If I had arrived ten minutes earlier, I would have got a seat.
- Note: Ta có thể lược bỏ "If" đi nhưng phải đảo ngữ
EX: Had I arrived ten minutes earlier, I would have got a seat.
- Unless = If … not
- Đổi từ if sang unless:
If you don’t work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living.
= Unless you work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living.

IF UNLESS
Khẳng định Khẳng định (động từ trong mệnh đề chính đổi sang phủ định)
Phủ định Khẳng định (mệnh đề chính không thay đổi)
UNLESS (TRỪ KHI) = IF ..... NOT (NẾU KHÔNG)

CÔNG DỤNG CÔNG THỨC CỦA CÔNG THỨC CỦA MỆNH

UNLESS ĐỀ IF (PHỤ)
- unless = if ... not 1. Unless S + V1/s(es) ↔ If S + don’t / doesn’t + Vo
- unless chỉ dùng để thay thế mệnh đề phụ 2. Unless S + am, is, are ↔ If S + am, is, are + not
trong câu điều kiện, mệnh đề chính không 3. Unless S + V2/ ed ↔ If S + didn’t + Vo
đổi. 4. Unless S + were ↔ If S + weren’t
- khi thay thế unless = if ... not thì cả hai vế 5. Unless S + had V3/ed ↔ If S + hadn’t V3/ed
đổi phải có cùng dạng câu điều kiện. 6. Unless S + had been ↔ If S + hadn’t been
- trong cấu trúc của unless không bao giờ
có dạng câu phủ định.
Examples :
1. Unless you stay at your bed, you will be punished.
 If you don’t stay at your bed, you will be punished.
2. Unless she drinks water, she will feel thirsty.
 If she doesn’t drink beer, she will feel thirsty.
3. Unless they were absent now, they would meet the head master.
 If they weren’t absent now, they would meet the head master.
4. Unless he cleaned up the car now, his boss could ask him to do this.
 If he didn’t clean up the car now, his boss could ask him to do this.
5. Unless you had stayed at home yesterday, you wouldn’t have enjoyed a delicious meal.
 If you hadn’t stayed at home yesterday, you wouldn’t have enjoyed a delicious meal.
6. Unless he had been busy last night, he could have met his friends.
 If he hadn’t been busy last night, he could have met his friends.
Ex: If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster.
Unless -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If she doesn’t work harder, she will fail the exam.
Unless ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Dạng câu: Mệnh lệnh + or + Clause
- If you don’t + V1, Clause
- If you aren’t + …, Clause
Ex: Be carefull or you will cut yourself. If -------------------------------------------------------
Go away or I will call the police. If -------------------------------------------------------
- Without: không có
Without water, life wouldn’t exist.
= If there were no water, life wouldn’t exist.
- NỐI 2 CÂU ĐƠN DÙNG “ IF”
- Note:
+ Diễn tả 1 hành động có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai → loại 1
+ Diễn tả 1 hành động không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại (động từ ở hiện tại) → loại 2
+ Diễn tả 1 hành động không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ (động từ ở quá khứ) → loại 3
EX: Hurry up or you will be late.
→ If you don’t hurry, you will be late.
EX: She doesn’t have a car. She doesn’t go out in the evening.
→ If she had a car, she would go out in the evening.
EX: We cancelled the meeting because Peter didn’t come.
→ If Peter had come, we wouldn’t have cancelled the meeting.
→ Had Peter come, we wouldn’t have cancelled the meeting.

--------------------GOOD LUCK-----------------------
Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences:
1. He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.
=> If he doesn't study for his exam, he will go out
2. She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam.
=> If she lazy, she won't pass the exam He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a
car.
3. He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car.
=> If he pays me tonight, I will have enough money to buy a car
4. He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.
=> If he didn't smoke too much, he could get rid of his cough
5. She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party.
=> If she weren't shy, she would enjoy the party
6. I will get a work permit. I will stay for another month.
=> If I get a work permit, I will stay for another month
7. He doesn’t take any exercises. He is so unhealthy
=> If he took some exercise, he would be so healthy
8. We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change.
=> If we had the right change, I would have the ticket
9. Study hard or you won’t pass the exam.
=> If you study hard, you will pass the exam
10. Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes.
=> If you are impatient, you will make mistakes
11. I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now.
=> If I had eaten lunch, I wouldn't felt hungry now
12. I only come if they invite me.
=> Unless they invite me, I won't come
13. He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam.
=> If he hadn't revised all his lessons, he would have failed the exam
14. The park is over there, only 5 minutes’ walk.
=> If you walk to the park, it will take you 5 minutes
15. Leave me alone or I’ll call the police.
=>Unless you leave me alone, I will call the police
16. If you arrive at the office earlier than I do, please turn on the air-conditioner.
=> Should you arrive at the office earlier than I do, please turn on the air conditioner
17. The children don’t go to school in the snowy weather.
=> If it snows, the children won't go to school
18. He died so young; otherwise, he would be a famous musician by now.
=>Had not he died so young, he would be a famous musician by now
19. You must tell me the whole truth or I won’t help you.
=> Unless you tell me the truth, I won't help you
20. The car breaks down so often because you don’t take good care of it.
=> Were I you,I would take good care of the car
21. He is very bad-tempered, that’s why his wife left him soon after marriage.
=> If he weren't bad tempered, his wife wouldn't have left him soon after marriage
22. Don’t tell lies to your boss or you’ll be fired at once.
=> If you tell lies to your boss, you will be fired at once
Exercise 2: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form:
1. If I see him , I __will give___ (give ) him a gift.
2. If I had a typewriter, I __would type___ (type) it myself.
3. If I had known that you were in hospital, I __would have visited___ (visit) you.
4. You could make better progress if you _attended____ (attend) class regularly.
5. If I __knew___ (know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you.
6. If you __had arrived___ (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.
7. If he worked more slowly, he __wouldn’t make___ (not make) so many mistakes.
8. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I __were___ (be) you.
9. If I __find___ (find) a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight.
10. A lot of people __would be___ (be) out of work if the factory closed down.
Exercise 3: Make conditional sentences:
1. Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up. →If you don't keep silent, you will wake the baby up
2. Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson.→ If you talking, you won't understand the lesson
3. I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up.→ If I knew her number, I would ring her up
4. I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you.→ If I knew the answer, I could tell you
5. We got lost because we didn’t have a map.→ If we had a map, we wouldn't get lost
6. Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes. If Susan hadn't eaten four cream cakes, she
wouldn't have felt sick
7. Without this treatment, the patient would have died. →If it hadn't been for this treatment, the patient
would have died
8. He lost his job because he was late every day. →Unless he were late everyday, he wouldn't lost his
job
9. Peter is fat because he eats so many chips. →If peter didn't eat many chip, he wouldn't fat
10. Robert got a bad cough because he started smoking cigarettes. →If Robert hadn't started smoking
cigarettes,
Exercise 4: Use UNLESS instead of IF – IF instead of UNLESS
EX: If you do not study hard, you will fail the exam.
Unless you study hard , you will fail the exam
1. If you do not like this one, I’ll bring you another
Unless you like this one, I will bring you another
2. If she does not hurry, she’ll be late
Unless she hungry, she will be late
3. If you are not careful, you’ll cut yourself
Unless you are careful, you will cut yourself
4. if you had not sneezed, he wouldn’t have known that we were there.
Unless you had sneezed, he wouldn't have known that we were there
5. You can’t run fast unless you try your best.
If you try your best, you can run fast
6. Because Tom is out, you don’t see him at home.
If Tom weren't in out, you would see him at home
7. The boy wouldn’t go swimming unless the weather were nice.
If the weather were nice, the boy would go swimming
8. Everything was tidy, so I felt pleasant.
If everything hadn't tidied, I wouldn't have felt pleasant
9. We could have slept well unless the noise had been turned off.
If the noise had been turned off, we could have slept well
10. People hear you coming to my office. They phone me.
If people didn;t hear you coming to my office, they wouldn't phone me
11. Unless you lived in the dormitory, you could annoy me.
If you lived in the dormitory, you couldn't annoy me
12. Ngoc didn’t save my kids from hot water because Ngoc was busy meeting his customers.
If Ngoc hadn't been busy meeting his customers, she would have saved my kids from hot water
13. Unless the student goes to school early, he will be punished.
If the student goes to school early, he won't be punished
14. Minh doesn’t get rid of his job because he loves working with computers.
If Minh loves working with computers, he won't get rid of his job
15. Unless last night your sister had gone home early, your mother could have waited for her.
If your sister hadn't gone home early, your mother could have waited for her
16. Because my mother wasn’t here, I didn’t ask for some money.
If my mother were here, I could ask for some money
17. The dogs can’t bite you unless you touch them.
If you touch them, the dogs can bite you
18. The books are expensive. I can’t buy them.
 If the books weren't expensive, I could buy them
19. I couldn’t think of myself unless I had some troubles.
If I had some troubles, I could think of myself
20. Harry Porter is an adventure film because it talks about the life and the discoveries of him.
If Harry porter didn't talk about the life and the discoveries of him, it wouldn't be an adventure film
21. Her car wouldn’t have been broken yesterday unless she had driven fast.
If she had driven fast, her car would have been broken yesterday
22. Hoa wrote to her parents. She wanted to greet them.
If Hoa hadn't wanted to greet them, Hoa wouldn't have written
23. Unless people knew you, they wouldn’t give you some precious information.
If people knew you, they would give you some precious information
24. Because these projects were out of date, the manager looked uncomfortable.
If these project were out of date, the manager would look uncomfortable
25. Unless the young girl stops smoking, she won’t be healthy.
If the young girl stops smoking, she will be healthy
26. I don’t like cats because cats are fury.
If cats weren't fury, I would like them
27. Unless ten years ago they had lived in USA, they couldn’t have been the citizens in this country.
If they had lived in USA for 10 years, they could have been the citizens in this country
28. Tom didn’t join the camping. I couldn’t persuade him to go with us.
If Tom hadn't joined the camping, I couldn't have persuaded him to go with us
29. People can’t swim unless they study how to swim.
If people study how to swim, they can swim
30. Anne doesn’t attend the party because she wants to be alone.
If Anne wants to be alone, she won't attend the party
31. This department couldn’t be destroyed unless it built carefully.
This department couldn't be destroyed if it didn't build carefully
32. Susan agreed to go swimming because she liked water.
If Susan hadn't liked water, she wouldn't have agreed to go swimming
33. Yesterday, I could have been injured unless I had seen a big container in the street.
Yesterday,I could have been injured if I hadn't seen a big container in the street
34. Sports make people healthy, so they do exercise every morning.
Unless Sports made people healthy, they wouldn't do exercise every morning
35. Unless you were me, you couldn’t understand me.
If you were me, you couldn't understand me
36. We are the world. We can co - operate one another.
Unless we were the world, we couldn't co-operate one another
37. Unless this man is a driver, he can’t help you move by car.
If this man isn't driver, he cam't help you move by car
38. Dannis isn’t at home because he is on business.
If Dannis weren't on business, he would be at home
39. Unless they had been on the phone last night, they couldn’t have known the big secrets.
If they hadn't been on the phone last night, thry couldn't have known the big secrets
40. Because man is the first person on Earth, he discovers the earth by hands and brain.
Unless man were the first person on Earth, he wouldn't discover the Earth by hands and brain
41. You can’t join the club unless you are sick.
Unless you are sick, you can't join the club
42. Our picnic was passed easily because my mother helped me.
If my mother hadn't helped me, our picnic wouldn't have been passed easily
43. Unless he refused everything, he would lose his family.
If he refused everything, he wouldn't lose his family
44. Unless I saved my money, someone would take it.
If I saved my money, someone wouldn't take it
45. Because she wasn’t tired, she could go on running.
If she were tired, she couldn't go on running