M`etoebd`
3. KÃXK
KÃXK@L
@L.............
...........................
.............................
..............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
.............................
.............................=
...............=
3.3. S_O O] OL KCXK@L..............
.............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
............................................
.................................
....=
=
3.3.3. MCXCMTOXË]TBMC]..............
.............................
..............................
.............................
.............................
............................................
.............................44
3.
3.3.
3.8.
8. M@EDB
@EDBMB
MB@E
@EOO] DO
DO GG@
@XKCM
XKCMBBÝE.............
ÝE............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
.........................4
..........4
3.3.=. _]@]..............
.............................
..............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
.............................
.............................
.....................
......??
3.8. TOEDOEMBC].............
............................
..............................
.............................
.............................
.............................
.............................
.................................?
..................?
8. M@R_
M@R_ET
ET_X
_XC
C BET
BETOX
OXEC
ECMB
MB@E
@ECL
CL.............
............................
..............................
.............................
.............................
.......................................
..........................7
..7
8.3.
8.3. BEDB
BEDBMC
MCD@
D@XO
XO]] OM@EÝ
OM@EÝKB
KBM@
M@]] BETOX
BETOXEC
ECMB
MB@E
@ECL
CLO]
O].............................................................7
.............................................................7
8.3
8.3.3. TC]C DO MXOMBKBOET@
T@.............
............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
.....................................7
......................7
8.3.8. M_OETC M@X
M@XXBOETO...............
..............................
.............................
.............................
.............................
.............................
..........................2
...........2
8.3.=. BEGLCMB@E...............
..............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
.............................
.............................
..........................
...........22
8.3.4. OKYLO@..............
.............................
..............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
.............................
............................
.............. 39
8.
8.3.
3.?.
?. XO]O
]OXW
XWC]
C] BETO
BETOX
XECMB
ECMB@E
@ECL
CLO]
O].................................................................................38
.................................................................................38
8.3.7. DO_DC OV
OVTOXEC..............
.............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
.............................
.............................3=
...............3=
8.
8.8.
8. MXB
XB]B
]B]] BE
BETOX
TOXECMB@
CMB@E
ECL...............
CL..............................
.............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
..........................
..........34
34
=. KÃXK
KÃXK@L
@L C EBW
EBWOL
OL BET
BETOX
OXEC
ECMB
MB@E
@ECL
CL.............
............................
..............................
.............................
.............................
...............................
................37
37
=.
=.3.
3. YCXTB
CXTBDC
DC]] CX
CXCEM
CEMOLCX
OLCXBBC]..............
C]............................
.............................
.............................
.............................
......................................
....................... 37
=.
=.8.
8. @GO
GOX
XTC K_
K_E
EDBCL
DBCL DO KÃXK
KÃXK@L
@L.............
............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
.............................37
..............37
=.
=.=.
=. DOKCE
OKCEDC
DC K_E
K_ED
DBC
BCLL DO
DO KÃX
KÃXK
K@L.............
@L............................
.............................
.............................
.......................................36
........................36
=.
=.=.
=.3.
3. YO
YOXG
XGBL
BL DO LC
LC DOKC
DOKCED
EDC
C DOL
DOL M@E
M@E]_
]_KB
KBD@
D@X
X..............
.............................
.............................
..............................36
................36
=.
=.=.
=.8.
8. CEÃL
CEÃLB]
B]BB] DO TOE
TOEDOE
DOEMB
MBC]
C]..............
.............................
..............................
.............................
.............................
..............................32
...............32
=.4.
=.4. M@ED
M@EDBM
BMB@
B@EO
EO]] DO CMM
CMMO]
O]@
@ CL KOX
KOXMC
MCD@
D@........................................................................83
........................................................................83
=.
=.4.
4.3.
3. CXCE
CXCEMO
MOLO
LO],
], TXBH
TXBH_T
_T@]
@] O BKY
BKY_O
_O]T
]T@]
@].....................................................................83
.....................................................................83
=.4.8.
=.4.8. XO]TX
XO]TXBMM
BMMB@E
B@EO],
O], O]
O]TCE
TCEDCX
DCXO],
O], R E@XK
E@XKC]
C] DO
DO BENX
BENXO]@
O]@ CL KOXM
KOXMCD@
CD@.................8=
.................8=
4. M@E
M@ER_E
R_ET_X
T_XC ECM
ECMBB@ECL
@ECL..............
.............................
..............................
.............................
.............................
.......................................
..............................
......8?
8?
4.3. XO]_KOE.............
............................
.............................
.............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
...................................
.................... 8?
4.3
4.3.3. BEWOX]B@E YXBWCDC...............
.............................
.............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
.......................8?
........8?
4.3.8. YHB.............
............................
..............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
.............................
.................................
.......................
....87
87
4.
4.8
8. HCLCEQC M@
M@KOXMBCL
CL..............
.............................
.............................
.............................
.............................
.............................
..............................8>
...............8>
4.=. XBO]N@ YCË]..............
.............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
............... 8>
4.4.
4.4. YX
YXBE
BEMB
MBYC
YCLO
LO]] BEDB
BEDBMC
MCD@
D@XO
XO]]...............
.............................
.............................
..............................
.............................
..................................8>
....................8>
4.4.3. TC]C DO
DO DO
DO]OKYLO@.............
............................
..............................
.............................
.............................
......................................8>
.......................8>
 

4.4
4.4.8. YX@D_MMB@E EC
ECMB@ECL..............
.............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
...............................
................86
86
4.4.=. TC]C DO BETOXÂ]..............
.............................
..............................
.............................
.............................
.....................................
............................
......86
86
4.4.4. BEGLCMB@E...............
..............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
.............................
.............................
........................
.........82
82

XO]_KOE OAOM_TBW@
 

Ol prosoeto trchca` do bevosncmbýe “M`kormbclbzcmbýe

“M`kormbclbzcmbýe do kãrk`l‛ dosmrbho bebmbclkoeto cl
olokoet` e` kotãlbm`, l` quo llovcrã c m`e`mor koa`r ol pr`dumt` quo sorã m`kormbclbzcd` cl
kormcd` oxtorb`r, cdokãs `rbnbecrã lc mrocmbýe do lc okprosc “npkcrhlo‛. Ol fomf` do quo fcy
p`mc m`kpotoembc oe lc voetc do oe ol kormcd` ecmb`ecl sorã cpr`vomfcd` pcrc betr`dumbr
euostr` pr`dumt` cl kormcd`. ]o ceclbzcrã mubdcd`sckoeto lc sbtucmbýe om`eýkbmc y p`lëmc c
ebvol ecmb`ecl o betorecmb`ecl pcrc m`e`mor lcs m`edbmb`eos oe ol mucl so oemuoetrce l`s kormcd`s
y m`e`mor mýk` p`drëc begubr oe lc pr`dummbýe y m`kormbclbzcmbýe do euostr` pr`dumt`.
Gbeclkoeto, so doebrãe lcs p`sbhlos ostrctonbcs quo so uscrãe toeboed` oe muoetc l`s ceãlbsbs
roclbzcd`s c lcs prbembpclos m`kpotoembcs y lcs ulbdcdos quo euostr` pr`dumt` noeorcrã c m`rt` y
lcrn` plcz`.

BETX@D_MMB@E

C) @HAOTBW@

Ol `haov` dol prosoeto trchca` os m`e`mor lc vbchblbdcd do lc m`kormbclbzcmbýe dol kãrk`l cl

kormcd` ecmb`ecl o betorecmb`ecl m`e`mboed` lc sbtucmbýe p`lëmc y om`eýkbmc.

H) CL
CLMC
MCEM
EMOO R LBK
LBKBT
BTCM
CMB@
B@EO
EO]]

Ol prosoeto trchca` moetrc su bevosncmbýe oe l`s prbembpclos pcësos bkp`rtcd`ros do kãrk`l y

trcvore` m`k` Bedbc, M`roc dol sur y Grcembc.
Do ostc kceorc so p`drã cprombcr oe ol m`etoebd` dol trchca`1 ue ostudb` dol oet`re` om`eýkbm`
ecmb`ecl o betorecmb`ecl, ol ostudb` do kãrk`l oe ol Yorñ y ol kued`, ol pr`mos` do olch`rcmbýe do
kãrk`l, su oxp`rtcmbýe, roqubsbt`s do benros` cl kormcd` do dose`, lcs ostrctonbcs do kãrjoen
y dbstrbhumbýe fcstc ol mlboeto ecl, csë m`k` ol ceãlbsbs y ostudb` ecembor`.

M) KOT@D
OT@D@L
@L@N
@NËËC

Lc prosoeto tosbs oeo uec kot`d`l`nëc oxpl`rct`rbc ” dosmrbpvc, lc mucl so hcsc oe uec lch`r do
bevosncmbýe y rom`pblcmbýe do be`rkcmbýe
be`rkcmbýe lc mucl sorã ulbzcdc pcrc su p`storb`r ceãlbsbs, l` mucl
e`s m`ellovcrã c m`emlusb`eos quo porkbtce vbsuclbzcr f`rbz`etos p`sbv`s ` eoncv`s do lc
oxp`rtcmbýe do kãrk`l.

Lc somuoembc oe lc mucl so prosoetc lc be`rkcmbýe fc t`kcd` oe muoetc quo ol lomt`r puodo toeor
ue m`e`mbkboet` eul` dol tokc, p`r l` quo so cm`kpcóce cl toxt`, mucdr`s dosmrbpv`s,
rooroembcs hbhlb`nrãmcs o bkãnoeos pcrc uec lomturc mýk`dc y lbnorc.

3. KÃXK
KÃXK@L
@L
3.3.S_O O] OL KCXK@L

Ol târkbe` kãrk`l oeo d`s cmopmb`eos1

_ec potr`lýnbmc, quo lc doeo m`k` uec r`mc mclmãroc kotckýrmc, pr`dumt` dol
kotck`rsk` ronb`ecl ` do m`etcmt` oetro r`mcs ëneocs m`e r`mcs mclmãrocs,
R `trc m`kormbcl, quo lc m`esbdorc m`k` uec r`mc do muclqubor m`kp`sbmbýe
m`kp`sbmbýe quo cmoptc ol
pulbd` y quo os uscdc oe dom`rcmbýe y oe m`estrummbýe.
 

Ol kãrk`l os uec r`mc kotckýrmc do mcrh`ect` m`kpuostc oe `rkc d`kbeceto do mclmbtc `

d`l`kbtc ` ckh`s, m`e bkpurozcs tclos m`k` mucrz`, nrct`, trok`lbtc, w`llcst`ebtc y `tr`s
kbeorclos do sblbmct`s. L`s kãrk`los so pr`dumoe p`r romrbstclbzcmbýe do mclbzcs y d`l`kbtcs
sodbkoetcrbcs c tokporcturcs y prosb`eos olovcdcs, os dombr fce surbd` kotck`rsk`
`rbnbeãed`so ue clt` nrcd` do mrbstclbzcmbýe cprombchlo c sbkplo vbstc.

3.
3.3.
3.3.
3. MCXC
MCXCMT
MTOX
OXË]
Ë]TB
TBMC
MC]]

Ol m`kp`eoeto hãsbm` dol kãrk`l os ol mcrh`ect` mãlmbm`, muy` m`etoebd` suporc ol 29%, l`s
dokãs m`kp`eoetos s`e m`esbdorcd`s
m`esbdorcd`s bkpurozcs y s`e lcs quo e`s `t`rnce nrce vcrbodcd do
m`l`ros c l`s kãrk`los y doeoe sus mcrcmtorësmcs sbmcs. L`s m`l`ros prod`kbecetos do l`s
kãrk`los s`e1 Hlcem`, mrokc, ckcrbll`, vordo, nrbs, r`abz`, r`scd`, eonr` y kczcd`, sboed` osto
ñlk` ol kãs m`kñe.

Lcs r`mcs do kãrk`l muoetce m`e pr`pbodcdos ospomëmcs quo l`s dbsenuoe do lcs dokãs r`mcs
`reckoetclos1

Oe târkbe`s m`kormbclos, lc pclchrc kãrk`l e` oeo ue soed` potr`lýnbm`, cuequo c koeud` so

rooro c r`mcs mclmãrocs m`e mcrcmtorësmcs pr`pbcs, c lcs muclos so cnronce l`s sbnuboetos
roquorbkboet`s m`kormbclos
m`kormbclos m`kueos y do kcy`r rolovcembc, roorbd`s noeorclkoeto c plcmcs y
pcrquot1

 Ospos`r m`estceto m`e uec t`lorcembc do + 3/=8"

 Osmucdrc poromtc
 Hrbll` ospoa`
 ]be p`r`sbdcd
Hbsolcd` f`k`nâeo`

3.
3.3.
3.8.
8. M@ED
M@EDBM
BMB@
B@EO
EO]] DO G@XKC
G@XKCMB
MBÝE
ÝE

Ol `rbnoe no`lýnbm` dol kãrk`l ostã roorbd` c lc r`mc mclbzc quo fc surbd` ue pr`mos` do
trces`rkcmbýe dohbd` c cltcs tokporcturcs y prosb`eos p`r kotck`rsk` ronb`ecl ` do
m`etcmt`: y m`k` m`esomuoembc so fc pr`dumbd` kotck`rsk` noeorãed`so ue clt` nrcd` do
romrbstclbzcmbýe cprombchlo
cprombchlo c sbkplo vbstc. Lcs r`mcs do mcrh`ect` s`e pcrmulcrkoeto susmophlos
cl kotck`rsk` dohbd` c lc s`luhblbdcd do sus kctorbclos, c lc cmblbdcd m`e lc mucl so romrbstclbzce,
hca` m`edbmb`eos do tokporcturc, prosbýe olovcdc y c lc rocmvbdcd quëkbmc do lc mclmbtc y ol
kcneosb`. Muced` ol mcrh`ect` do mclmb` so mclboetc m`e ol lbhro cmmos` do cbro, so dbs`mbc m`e lc
`rkcmbýe do mcl vbvc, por` muced` lc mclmbtc so mclboetc hca` prosbýe, p`r oaokpl`, kodbceto uec
betrusbýe ëneoc, ol dbýxbd` do mcrh`e` os rotoebd` y ol kbeorcl mrbstclbzc m`k` ue cnroncd`
nrce`hlãsm`, `rkced` ol kãrk`l.
 

3.3.=. _]@]

M@E]TX_MMBÝE

 Oe `rkc do r`mc dbkoesb`echlo, os uscd` m`k` kctorbcl pcrc m`estrummbýe do odbmb`s tcet` oe
oxtorb`ros m`k` betorb`ros, pbs`s, m`lukecs, osmclorcs, koscs, mfbkoeocs, m`mbecs betonrclos,
cmfcdcs, kuohlos pcrc hcó`, otm.
]_]TBT_T@]

Oe clnue`s us`s, lc r`mc dbkoesb`echlo

dbkoesb`echlo os sustubdc p`r ol lcdrbll`, lc hcld`sc morãkbmc, ol
m`emrot`, ol mrbstcl, l`s plãsm`s, ol clukbeb`, ol cmor` y lc pbodrc cnl`korcdc m`e rosbec. Oe ol
kormcd` fcy `tr`s sustut`s oe k`hblbcrb` m`k` lc kolcebec, lc ýrkbmc, lc kcdorc y ol kãrk`l
sbetâm`.

@XECKOET@]

Oe lc olch`rcmbýe do ostctucs, nurbllcs, podostclos do lãkpcrcs, k`eukoet`s, pbozcs do `rect` y

lãpbdcs.

@TXC] BED_]TXBC]
Ol p`lv` do kãrk`l eckoeto k`lbd` os ulbzcd` m`k` ue m`kp`eoeto oe pbeturcs, pcstc do
dboetos y plãsm`s. Tckhbâe so ulbzc oe lc m`estrummbýe do nucrebmb`eos pcrc mcllos y soóclbzcmbýe
do cvoebdcs.

3.8.TOEDOEMBC]
 

Lc bkp`rtcmbýe do kãrk`l, trcvore`s, clchcstr` y sus kceucmturcs fce bd` mromboed`

e`tchlokoeto dosdo 8938, cuequo ol promb` kodb` so fc kcetoebd` ostchlo. Turquëc os ol
prbembpcl pr`vood`r dol kormcd`, sonubdc do Btclbc, Onbpt` y Ospcóc, quo fc pordbd` p`sbmb`eos.
Y`r su pcrto, Mfbec so chro ue fuom` oe ol kormcd` c poscr do su clt` promb`, qubzã dohbd` c lcs
eomosbdcdos m`emrotcs do clnue` do l`s pr`yomt`s doscrr`llcd`s oe ol pcës. Ol promb` kodb` dol
pr`dumt` ospcó`l ostã p`r oembkc do lc kodbc, oe lc lëeoc dol btclbce`. Xospomt` cl kãrk`l,
trcvore`s y clchcstr` trchcacd`s do `tr` k`d`, fce cukoetcd` kumfësbk` oe l`s ñlk`s = có`s,
ropcrâed`so lcs prbembpclos p`sbmb`eos m`k` pr`vood`ros Turquëc, Btclbc y Ospcóc. Ol promb`
kodb` pcrc ostc pcrdc tckhbâe fc mrombd` dosdo 893=. Ol lëdor m`e dboroembc os Turquëc, quo
`romo promb`s hcstceto koa`ros quo Btclbc y Ospcóc, quo fc pordbd` su sonued` puost` ceto lc
osmclcdc do l`s btclbce`s.

8. M@R_
M@R_ET
ET_X
_XC
C BETOX
BETOXEC
ECMB
MB@E
@ECL
CL
8.3.BEDBMCD@XO]
8.3. BEDBMCD@XO] OM@EÝKBM@] BETOXECMB@ECLO]
BETOXECMB@ECLO]

L`s prbembpclos bedbmcd`ros betorecmb`eclos s`e l`s sbnuboetos1

Tcsc do mrombkboet`1 Tcsc c lc quo mromo ol Yr`dumt` Hrut` Betore` (YHB) do vcrb`s pcësos.

Tcscs do betorâs1 Dboroetos tcscs do betorâs do vcrb`s pcësos.

M`zcmb`eos do dbvbscs1 M`zcmb`eos do lcs k`eodcs do dbvors`s pcësos.

H`lscs kuedbclos1 Bedbmo
kuedbclos1 Bedbmo do m`zcmbýe do l`s dbvors`s kormcd`s do vcl`ros dol kued`.

Xbosn`s s`horce`s1 dboroembcl do roedbkboet`s dol ëedbmo do h`e`s do l`s kormcd`s okornoetos.
Bedbmcd`ros dol rbosn` pcës kodbd` p`r AY K`rnce.

Begcmbýe1 tcsc do vcrbcmbýe dol ebvol noeorcl do promb`s do dbvors`s pcësos.

8.
8.3.
3.3.
3. TC
TC]C
]C DO MX
MXOM
OMBK
BKBO
BOET
ET@
@

C m`eeucmbýe, so `hsorvc ol YHB dosdo ol 893? fcstc ol 8989. Ol pcës m`e kcy`r mrombkboet` os
Bedbc y ol koe`r os Btclbc.
893? 8 93 7 893> 8936 8 9 3 2 (p) 8989 (p)

K ued` = .4 = .8 = .6 = .7 = .= = .7
Om`e`këcs C vcezcdcs 8 .3 3 .> 8 .4 8 .8 3 .6 3 .>
Os tc d`s _eb d`s 8 .7 3 .? 8 .8 8 .2 8 .= 3 .2
Our`z`ec 8 .9 3 .6 8 .4 3 .6 3 .= 3 .?
Cl okc eb c 3 .? 3 .2 8 .? 3 .? 9 .6 3 .4
Grc em b c 3 .= 3 .8 8 .8 3 .? 3 .= 3 .4
B tc l b c 9 .6 9 .2 3 .7 9 .2 9 .3 9 .2
Os pc óc = .8 = .= = .9 8 .? 8 .3 3 .2
A c p`e 3 .8 9 .2 3 .2 9 .6 3 .9 9 .?
Xob e` _eb d` 8 .8 3 .2 3 .6 3 .4 3 .8 3 .4
Mc e c d ã 9 .2 3 .4 = .9 3 .6 3 .? 3 .2
@trc s Om `e`kb c s Cvc ezc dc s 8 .9 8 .= 8 .2 8 .7 8 .8 8 .?
Lcs o m`e`këcs o ko r no eto s y o e doscr r `ll` do ko rm cd` 4 .8 4 .4 4 .6 4 .? 4 .4 4 .6
M`kueb dc d do Os tc d `s Bedopo edb o eto s -8 .8 9 .4 8 .4 8 .6 8 .8 8 .=
Oko rno et o s y o e Do s c rr`l l ` do Cs b c 7 .> 7 .4 7 .7 7 .4 7 .= 7 .=
Mfb ec 7 .2 7 .> 7 .6 7 .7 7 .= 7 .3
Bedb c > .2 > .3 > .8 > .3 > .= > .?
Csb c -? 4 .6 4 .2 ? .4 ? .8 ? .3 ? .8
Oko rno et o s y o e Do s c rr`l l ` do Our`pc 4 .> = .8 7 .9 = .7 9 .6 8 .6
Cko rb mc Lc  ec y o l m c rb ho 9 .3 ”9,> 3 .8 3 .9 3 .4 8 .4
 

]o kuostrc ol YHB do kcy`r c koe`r.

8.
8.3.
3.8.
8. M_OE
M_OETCTC M@
M@XX
XXBO
BOET
ETOO
Lc kcy`r muoetc m`rrboeto os do mfbec y lc koe`r os do Ostcd`s _ebd`s.
 

8.
8.3.
3.=.
=. BEGL
BEGLCM
CMB@
B@E
E

Lc kcy`r begcmbýe os do Xobe` _ebd` y lc koe`r os do Btclbc.

8.3.4. OKYLO@

Cuequo
ostã lc uorzc lch`rcl
dbskbeuyoed` dohbd`ostã mromboed`
c quo oe tckcó`,
lc p`hlcmbýe lc tcsc
oe odcd do pcrmbpcmbýe
do trchcacr oe lc kãs
ostã mromboed` uorzc lch`rcl
rãpbd` quo
 

lc uorzc lch`rcl. Ostc toedoembc nl`hcl so doho prbembpclkoeto c l`s pctr`eos `hsorvcd`s oe Csbc y
ol Ycmëm`.

_ec p`hlcmbýe oe odcd lch`rcl oe mrombkboet` auet` m`e uec tcsc do pcrmbpcmbýe oe lc uorzc
lch`rcl oe dosmoes` bkplbmc quo ol eñkor` y provcloembc do pors`ecs uorc do lc uorzc lch`rcl
ostã cukoetced`.

@trc toedoembc e`tchlo os ol loet` mrombkboet` (` dbskbeumbýe) oe ol eñkor` do aývoeos (do 3? c

84 có`s). Dosdo 8999, lc uorzc lch`rcl auvoebl fc mrombd` m`estcetokoeto koe`s quo lc uorzc
lch`rcl t`tcl. Oe t`dcs lcs ronb`eos ostc toedoembc so puodo ctrbhubr c vcrb`s cmt`ros, bemlubdc lc
dbskbeumbýe do lcs p`hlcmb`eos auvoeblos y aývoeos quo porkceomoe oe lc osmuolc p`r kãs okp`.

]BT_CMBÝE DO OKYLO@ Y@X ÃXOC] NO@NXÃGBMC]

NO@NXÃGBMC]

Csbc y Ycmëm` mrombor`e p`sooe ?>.?% do lc uorzc lch`rcl kuedbcl oe ol 8936. Clrodod`r dol 34%
do lc uorzc lch`rcl kuedbcl vbvo oe Ckârbmc y 34% oe Ãrbmc.
 

8.3.?.
8.3.?. XO]OXW
XO]OXWC]
C] BETOXE
BETOXECMB
CMB@E
@ECLO
CLO]]

Lcs rosorvcs betorecmb`eclos do dbvbscs oe

dbvbscs oe ue soed` ostrbmt` s`e sýl` l`s dopýsbt`s oe k`eodc
oxtrceaorc oe p`dor do l`s hcem`s moetrclos y
moetrclos y cut`rbdcdos k`eotcrbcs. ]be okhcrn`, lcs rosorvcs
do dbvbscs oe ue us` p`pulcr (m`k` ol do ostc lbstc) bemluyoe m`kñekoeto dbvb dbvbscs,
scs, `r`, DON y
DON y
p`sbmb`eos do rosorvc oe ol GKB,
GKB, por`, s`e m`esbdorcdcs m`k` rosorvcs `mbclos ` rosorvcs
betorecmb`eclos.. Lc lbstc oxmluyo l`s swcps do dbvbscs roclbzcdcs
betorecmb`eclos dbvbscs roclbzcdcs p`r l`s hcem`s moetrclos.
 

8.
8.3.
3.7.
7. DO
DO_D
_DC
C OV
OVTO
TOXE
XEC
C

Ostc os uec lbstc do pcësos p`r doudc oxtorec, quo os lc doudc h`mc t`tcl pñhlbmc y prbvcdc
cdoudcdc c e` rosbdoetos rookh`lschlos
rookh`lschlos oe k`eodcs, hboeos ` sorvbmb`s cmoptcd`s
betorecmb`eclkoeto,
betorecmb`eclko eto, d`edo lc doudc pñhlbmc os ol dbeor` ` ol mrâdbt` cdoudcd` p`r muclqubor ebvol
do n`hbore`, dosdo ol l`mcl, y lc doudc prbvcdc, ol dbeor` ` ol mrâdbt` cdoudcd` p`r f`ncros
prbvcd`s ` m`rp`rcmb`eos prbvcdcs m`e sodo oe ol pcës m`esbdorcd`.
 

8.8.MXB]B] BETOXECMB@ECL

8932, CETO]CLC DO _EC E_OWC MXB]B] OM@E@KBMC K_EDBCL

 

=. KÃXK@L
KÃXK@L C EBWO
EBWOLL BETOXE
BETOXECMB
CMB@EC
@ECLL
 

=.3.YCXTBDC] CXCEMOLCXBC]

Yrbembpclos pcrdcs crcemolcrbcs dol pr`dumt` oxp`rtcd`

=.8.@GOXTC K_EDBCL DO KÃXK@L

OL TCKCÓ@ DOL KOXMCD@ K_EDBCL DO KÃXK@L C_KOETCXÃ _E =,3% YCXC 898?

Ol tckcó` dol kormcd` kuedbcl do kãrk`l cukoetcrã c ?6,6 kbll`eos do our`s pcrc 898?, roeto
c l`s 47 kbll`eos do our`s oe 8936. Ost` sup`eo uec tcsc ceucl dol =,3% durceto ol porë`d` do
pr`eýsm`, sonñe lc oemuostc “Yorspomvcs dol kormcd` kuedbcl do kãrk`l, pr`eýsm` pcrc
898?‛, olch`rcdc p`r FTG.

Ol kormcd` kuedbcl do kãrk`l ostchc vcl`rcd` oe kãs 44.999 kbll`eos do our`s oe 8936 y ol
pr`eýsm` pcrc l`s prýxbk`s có`s os p`sbv`. ]onñe rom`no ol ostudb`, lc bedustrbc dol kãrk`l
kuedbcl ostã cltckoeto rcnkoetcdc oe târkbe`s do pr`dumt`s, us`s eclos y pr`vood`ros,
cuequo ost` e` vc c bkpodbr ol mrombkboet`.

Fcstc 8937, lc _O oe noeorcl uo ol pr`dumt`r y oxp`rtcd`r d`kbeceto do kãrk`l, por` ol uorto
mrombkboet` do l`s kormcd`s okornoetos, ospombclkoeto oe Mfbec, Ycjbstãe y lc Bedbc, mckhbý lcs
t`recs y Csbc ostã csukboed` ol d`kbeb` m`k` ronbýe pr`dumt`rc y oxp`rtcd`rc. Oe 8937, lc
pr`dummbýe kuedbcl do kãrk`l clmcezý l`s 637 kbll`eos do kotr`s mucdrcd`s. L`s dboz prbembpclos
pr`dumt`ros do kãrk`l ecturcl dol kued` bemluyoe Mfbec, Bedbc, Brãe, Turquëc, Btclbc, Ospcóc,
Hrcsbl, Onbpt`, Y`rtuncl y Nrombc. L`s prbembpclos cmt`ros oe lc bedustrbc dol kãrk`l s`e Lovceec,
Y`lym`r bem, Bedbcec Lbkost`eo M`kpcey, Woor ]t`eo, T`pclbdbs ]C, Cet`lbeb, otm.

Lc bedustrbc dol kãrk`l kuedbcl dostcmc p`r ostcr cltckoeto rcnkoetcdc m`e uec vcrbodcd do
chrbmcetos quo vce dosdo nrcedos m`rp`rcmb`eos kulecmb`eclos fcstc poquoócs m`kpcóëcs
prbvcdcs. L`s dboz prbembpclos pr`dumt`ros roprosoetce s`l` ol =,>7% dol kormcd`, l` quo mormc
lc rcnkoetcmbýe. ]onñe ol ostudb` “so m`esbdorc quo ol kãrk`l ckcrbll` os ol p` do kãrk`l kãs
romuoeto, toeboed` oe muoetc lc nrce mcedcd do kãrk`l hobno oe Our`pc. Lc pr`dummbýe do
kãrk`l eonr`, kãrk`l hlcem` y kãrk`l vordo tckhbâe s`e m`esbdorchlos
m`esbdorchlos‛.
‛.

_ec vcrbchlo mlcvo oe ol dosokpoó` do l`s pr`dumt`ros do kãrk`l os ol m`st` do lc kctorbc prbkc,
ospomëmckoeto
ospomëmckoe to lc vol`mbdcd c lc mucl muclqubor bemrokoet` puodo pcscr c l`s mlboetos. ]onñe ol _]
No`l`nbmcl ]urvoy (_]N]), l`s romurs`s do pbodrc dol kued` s`e sumboetos pcrc scscmor lcs
eomosbdcdos provbsbhlos.
provbsbhlos. ]be okhcrn`, l`s romurs`s puodoe sor lbkbtcd`s c ebvol l`mcl u
`mcsb`eclkoeto c ebvol ronb`ecl dohbd` c lc cltc do ue p` pcrmulcr do pbodrc.
 

L`s romurs`s do kãrk`l so oemuoetrce prbembpclkoeto oe Btclbc, Mfbec, Turquëc, Gblbpbecs, Grcembc,
Hrcsbl, Ostcd`s _ebd`s, Bedbc, Kcrruom`s, Custrbc, Xusbc, Acpýe, Y`rtuncl y Nrombc. Btclbc muoetc m`e
chuedcetos romurs`s do kãrk`l do cltc mclbdcd, p`sbmb`eced` c lc ecmbýe m`k` ue pr`dumt`r y
oxp`rtcd`r mlcvo do kãrk`l oe ol kued`. Turquëc so oemuoetrc oe ol ãroc do l`s Clpos do pbodrc
ecturcl kãs rbmc dol kued`. Fcy uec kcsc do romurs`s do kãrk`l do Cect`lbc c lc ronbýe do
Trcmbc.

Lc kcy`r ãroc do m`esuk` do kãrk`l os Our`pc, quo roprosoetý ol 82,9?% dol m`esuk` kuedbcl
do kãrk`l oe 8937. Ol m`esuk` do kãrk`l oe Ostcd`s _ebd`s, Bedbc y Mfbec tckhbâe os
m`esbdorchlo.

=.=.DOKCEDC K_EDBCL DO KÃXK@L

 

M`e ol e do m`kproedor lcs toedoembcs do m`esuk` dol pr`dumt` k`ebt`rocd`, kodbr y m`e`mor
lc pormopmbýe y lc dokcedc p`toembcl do l`s pr`dumt`s m`e `rbnoe porucec, o bdoemcr lcs
ostrctonbcs do doscrr`ll` kãs m`foroetos m`e lcs mcrcmtorësmcs dol kormcd` betore` E`kbskc fc
roclbzcd` uec cmvbdcd do M`esukor Besbnft. Oe ospomëm`, oetro oeor` y ohror` 8936 fok`s
llovcd` c mch` uec oemuostc dbromtc s`hro ol m`esukbd`r btclbce`, pcrc `htoeor be`rkcmb`eos
s`hro ol k`dol` do m`esuk` do l`s pr`dumt`s bevosncd`s y cwcreoss, pormopmbýe y lc roputcmbýe
noeorcl fcmbc l`s pr`dumt`s poruce`s, do cmuord` m`e lcs mcrcmtorësmcs dol kormcd` betore` y
m`e l`s fãhbt`s do m`esuk` noeorclos.

Lc oemuostc (M`esukor ]urvoy E`kbskc) fc bev`lumrcd` 8 999 m`esukbd`ros btclbce`s (+36 do

odcd)1 ol mrbtorb` do olonbhblbdcd do l`s rosp`edboetos orc fchor m`esukbd` oe l`s 38 kosos
cetorb`ros p`r l` koe`s ue` do l`s 39 pr`dumt`s k`ebt`rocd`s oe l`s Yorlos do Yr`dumt` p`r
@MOV (kcen`, pcltc, crãedce`s, plãtce`s rosm`s, uvcs rosmcs do kosc, lotos do korluzc
m`enolcd`s, mclckcros y p`tcs m`enolcd`s y dosecd`s c lc trces`rkcmbýe, toxlos dol f`ncr,
kãrk`l”trcvore`s, rcequbmbcs ncstr`eýkbmcs)
ncstr`eýkbmcs) y sor rosp`eschlo do lc m`kprc do lc p`l`nëc do
pr`dumt` ospomëmc, pcrc rom`pblcr be`rkcmb`eos
be`rkcmb`eos p`r pcrto do quboe oeo ue pcpol cmv` oe lc
olommbýe do l`s pr`dumt`s m`kprcd`s p`r ol m`esuk` d`kâsm` y oeo be`rkcmb`eos kãs
prombscs s`hro l`s pr`dumt`s cdqubrbd`s y m`esukbd`s oe ol f`ncr.

Ol muos`ecrb` (sukbebstrcd` m`e kot`d`l`nëc MC^B - M`kputor Cssbstod ^oh Betorvbowben)

ostchc ostrumturcd` m`e ue` smrooe`ut bebmbcl (` soc, sb e` m`esukcs ebenñe do l`s pr`dumt`s e`e
sbnuos oe lc rom`pblcmbýe do lcs pronuetcs ospomëmcs) quo e`s fc porkbd` mclmulcr lc tcsc do
poeotrcmbýe do l`s pr`dumt`s ceclbzcd`s oe lc p`pulcmbýe t`tcl. Osto mckbe` do ceãlbsbs e`s fc
porkbd` rom`pblcr be`rkcmb`eos s`hro lcs mcrcmtorësmcs s`mb`-dok`nrãmcs do l`s
m`esukbd`ros, lcs romuoembcs do m`esuk`, cdokãs do bdoemcr lc k`vcmbýe do cltc do m`kprc
cmtucl dol pr`dumt` y ol p`toembcl betorâs oe l`s cmtuclos e`e usor. Lcs ovbdoembcs surnbdcs dosdo lc
oemuostc dol m`esukbd`r ostãe tckhbâe m`etoxtuclbzcdcs m`e l`s dct`s somt`rbclos (s`hro lcs
toedoembcs do m`esuk`) y m`e lcs be`rkcmb`eos pr`p`rmb`ecdcs oe lcs oetrovbstcs do l`s
stcjof`ldor oe lc mcdoec dol vcl`r dol pr`dumt` ceclbzcd`, ` soc kãrk`los y trcvore`s.

=.=.3.
=.=.3. YOXGBL
YOXGBL DO
DO LC DOKC
DOKCEDC
EDC DOL
DOL M@E]
M@E]_KB
_KBD@X
D@X

Ol ceãlbsbs do lc dokcedc dol m`esukbd`r ostã dbrbnbd` c m`kproedor lcs mcrcmtorësmcs do lcs
m`kprcs do kctorbclos pcrc lc rok`dolcmbýe ` m`estrummbýe do f`ncros, tcet` pcrc lc roclbzcmbýe
do rovoskboet`s m`k` pcrc pcrtos uemb`eclos do l`s f`ncros. Cdokãs do ostc be`rkcmbýe, ol
ceãlbsbs tckhbâe fc bedcncd` ol r`l dol `rbnoe oe ost`s p`s do pr`dumt`s: pcrc luon` oe`mcr lc
dbusbýe y pormopmbýe do kãrk`los y trcvore`s pr`modoetos do Yorñ. Ycrc osto p` do pr`dumt`,
lc tokp`rcdc do rooroembc pcrc sor m`esbdorcd` ue usucrb` e` orc fchor m`kprcd` kãrk`los y
trcvore`s oe ol ñlk` có`, sbe` oe l`s ñlk`s ? có`s, dcd` quo osto pr`dumt` e` so m`kprc kuy
romuoetokoeto.
romuoetokoe to. Oe l`s ñlk`s ? có`s, ol =9% do l`s btclbce`s fc m`kprcd` p`r l` koe`s uec voz
ue `haot` oe kãrk`l ` trcvore`. Oe su kcy`rëc s`e crmul`s m`kprcd`s m`k` pcrto do lc
roe`vcmbýe do lc mcsc y/u `haot`s dom`rcv`s pcrc su f`ncr ` m`k` roncl`. Lc tcsc do poeotrcmbýe
suho cl ?3% sb so t`kc oe muoetc s`l` c l`s rosp`eschlos do lc m`kprc do kuohlos y crmul`s pcrc
ol f`ncr. Ol 38% do l`s rosp`eschlos do lc m`kprc do kuohlos y crmul`s pcrc ol f`ncr fce
m`kprcd` oe l`s ñlk`s ? có`s uec oembkorc do m`mbec do kãrk`l ` trcvore`, ol 7% lcvch`s `
 

roncdor`s fomf` m`e osto kctorbcl y ol ?% rovoskboet`s do hcó` y/` m`mbec fomfc do kãrk`l `
trcvore`. Kãs hca`s (=%) s`e l`s p`rmoetcaos do l`s rosp`eschlos do lc m`kprc do kuohlos quo
m`kprcr`e uec mfbkoeoc fomfc do kãrk`l ` pcvbkoet`s fomf`s do osto kctorbcl oe l`s ñlk`s ?
có`s, y tckhbâe oe rooroeto c koscs ` osmrbt`rb`s (3%).

Oe rolcmbýe c `haot`s dom`rcv`s ` cmmos`rb`s (p. oa., tchlc do m`rtcr, hcedoacs, osmulturcs,
 acrr`eos), ol 43% do l`s rosp`eschlos
rosp`eschlos do lc m`kprc
m`kprc do kuohlos y crmu
crmul`s
l`s pcrc ol f`ncr fce
m`kprcd` ue` do ost`s `haot`s oe kãrk`l ` trcvore` pcrc su f`ncr ` m`k` roncl` oe l`s
ñlk`s ? có`s. ]onñe l`s dct`s do lc M`esukor ]urvoy E`kbskc, lc pr`p`rmbýe do quboeos
m`kprce crmul`s do kãrk`l cukoetc fcstc ue =4% oetro lcs pors`ecs m`e ue clt` nrcd` do
odumcmbýe (tul`, kcostrëc, d`mt`rcd`) y oetro cquoll`s quo rombhoe benros`s suporb`ros c O_X 8
?93. Lc m`kprc do ost`s pr`dumt`s tckhbâe ostã kãs oxtoedbdc oe ol ]ur dol pcës (=?%), oetro l`s
m`esukbd`ros portoeomboetos
portoeomboetos c lc Noeorc`e V (oetro l`s ==77 y ?3 có`s ” m`e uec tcsc do
poeotrcmbýe dol =8%) y oetro l`s f`khros (=3%). M`e rooroembc cl pcës do `rbnoe do l`s `haot`s
m`kprcd`s oe l`s ñlk`s ? có`s, lc nrce kcy`rëc do l`s m`esukbd`ros bedbmc quo ol kãrk`l dol
quo ostãe fomf`s pr`modo do Btclbc, ospomëmckoeto,
ospomëmckoeto, ol 6=% bedbmc quo ol kãrk`l ` trcvore` os
btclbce`, m`e ue 8=% quo bedbmc uec z`ec do `rbnoe do Btclbc oe ospomëm` (p. oa. Mcrrcrc, Wor`ec,
Tbv`lb, oetro `tr`s), y s`l` ol 8% pr`modo do pcësos oxtrc our`po`s.

Csbkbsk`, ol 8=% do l`s usor kãrk`l e` m`e`mo ol `rbnoe do kãrk`los y trcvore`s m`kprcd`s. ]b
so ckplëc ol porb`d` do rooroembc (` soc sbe lbkbtcrso c l`s ñlk`s ? có`s), ol 33% do l`s quo fce
m`kprcd` ue crmul` do kãrk`l crkce fchor m`kprcd` cl koe`s uec voz olokoet`/`haot` oe
kãrk`l ` trcvore` do `rbnoe poruce` (toeboed` oe muoetc tckhbâe l`s kctorbclos oe hrut` `
doshcstcd`s). Cpr`xbkcdckoeto > do mcdc 39 m`esukbd`ros do kãrk`los dbmoe quo euemc fce
vbst` ue `haot` fomf` m`e kãrk`l poruce` ` quo euemc l` fce e`tcd`, kboetrcs quo uec p`rmbýe
dol 34% dbmo quo, c poscr do fchorl` vbst`, e` l` fc m`kprcd`. Kãs oe ospomëm`, p`r l` quo so
rooro c osto ñlk` nrup` do m`esukbd`ros, ol 4>% domlcrc proorbr l`s `haot`s do kãrk`l do
`rbnoe btclbce`, kboetrcs quo ol =9% bedbmc quo ol k`v` do lc cltc do m`kprc do `haot`s
poruce`s os quo su promb` os dokcsbcd` clt`. Ol porl do l`s m`esukbd`ros btclbce`s quo
m`kprcr`e `haot`s fomf`s do kãrk`l ` trcvore`s quo pr`modoe do Yorñ (ol 33% do quboeos
m`kprcr`e `haot`s do kãrk`l oe l`s ñlk`s ? có`s) ostã mcrcmtorbzcd` p`r uec kcy`r bembdoembc
do lc m`kp`eoeto kcsmulbec (l`s f`khros quo fce m`kprcd` kãrk`los poruce`s s`e ol 34%),
vbvo oe ol ]ur (37%) y oeo clt` ebvol do odumcmbýe y do benros`s (3?% y 34%, rospomvckoeto).
=.
=.=.
=.8.
8. CEÃL
CEÃLB]
B]B]
B] DO
DO TOED
TOEDOE
OEMB
MBC]
C]

Lc bedustrbc do lc pbodrc ostã vbemulcdc cl somt`r do lc m`estrummbýe, uec sclbdc ecturcl pcrc sus
pr`dumt`s. ]onñe l`s dct`s CEMO (Cs`mbcmbýe Ecmb`ecl do M`estrumt`ros Odblos), oe 893>, ol somt`r
btclbce` do lc m`estrummbýe e` tuv` nrcedos rosultcd`s p`sbv`s, tckhbâe sb so osporchc uoso ol
có` dol mckhb` do toedoembc, ol somt`r ronbstrý uec dbskbeumbýe cdbmb`ecl do 9,3% oe l`s ebvolos
do pr`dummbýe, m`e uec pârdbdc noeorcl dosdo lc mrbsbs do =7,?% (893>/899>).

Lc dbeãkbmc dol somt`r m`estrummbýe oe Btclbc ostã comtcdc s`hro t`d` p`r lcs toedoembcs
t oedoembcs do lcs
`hrcs pñhlbmcs, do fomf`, lc mrbsbs do 39 có`s quo n`lpoý cl somt`r do `hrcs pñhlbmcs fc m`ellovcd`
c uec hromfc oe lcs bevorsb`eos oe bercostrumturc do O_X 79 kbl kbll`eos. Lcs `hrcs pñhlbmcs
dohorëce fchor bkpulscd` lc romuporcmbýe, por` c poscr do lcs kodbdcs pcrc rovbtclbzcr lcs
bercostrumturcs, tcl m`k` lc Loy do Yrosupuost` (Lonno db Hblcemb` dol 893>) cpr`hcdc p`r ol
 

N`hbore` btclbce`, e` so fc l`nrcd` l`s oomt`s dosocd`s. C poscr do l`s osuorz`s roclbzcd`s, ol
somt`r do `hrcs pñhlbmcs ronbstrý uec dbskbeumbýe dol =% oe 893> m`e rospomt` cl có` cetorb`r. E`
`hstceto, pcrc ol 8936 so osporc ue mrombkboet` do 8,4% oe lc bevorsbýe dol somt`r m`estrummbýe.
Ostc euovc toedoembc dol somt`r sorã bkpulscdc p`r ol koa`rckboet` do lcs vbvboedcs, quo sonubrã
mromboed` nrcmbcs c lc oxtoesbýe do lcs dodummb`eos smclos pcrc lc roe`vcmbýe do odbmb`s y
omboembc oeornâmc, y p`r oomt` do l`s ued`s do rom`estrummbýe dospuâs
dospuâs dol torrok`t` cvoebd`
oe ol Moetr` Btclbc oe 8937. Oe l`s ñlk`s có`s do mrbsbs om`eýkbmc, lcs okproscs dol somt`r
ecmb`ecl do lc pbodrc l`nrcr`e oeroetcr lc uorto mcëdc do lc dokcedc ecmb`ecl nrcmbcs c uec
kcy`r cporturc c l`s kormcd`s betorecmb`eclos y ue cukoet` oe lcs voetcs cl oxtorb`r quo, oe
pr`kodb`, roprosoetce mcsb lc kbtcd do lc cmturcmbýe.

Cdokãs, fce surnbd` euovcs toedoembcs oe lc crqubtomturc y ol dbsoó` y oe lc prooroembc do l`s

m`esukbd`ros p`r l`s trchca`s do dom`rcmbýe do betorb`ros do lua`, kãrk`l y pbodrc `reckoetcl,
m`e dbsoó` pcrc koscs, lãkpcrcs y cmmos`rb`s do dom`rcmbýe. Ol kormcd` prosoetc clnuecs soóclos
p`sbvcs m`k` ue cukoet` do lcs bevorsb`eos oe kceutoemb`eos `rdbecrbcs y do lcs `porcmb`eos
do voetc do bekuohlos. R, `trcs soóclos p`sbvcs dorbvce do l`s dct`s s`hro l`s ncst`s do l`s
btclbce`s, k`ebt`rocd`s p`r Bstct.

Oe ospomëm`, oe 893> ol ncst` dosecd` c kuohlos, crmul`s pcrc ol f`ncr, dom`rcmb`eos,

cl`khrcs y `tr`s rovoskboet`s pcrc pbs`s, bemluyoed` ropcrcmb`eos (` soc lc pcrdc do ncst`
quo bemluyo crmul`s p`r ol f`ncr) lloný c O_X 88,7 kbl kbll`eos: kboetrcs quo ol ncst` p`r
kcetoebkboet` y ropcrcmbýe do lc vbvboedc ronbstrý ue vcl`r do O_X >,>> ,> kbl kbll`eos. Ostcs d`s
pcrdcs roprosoetce m`eauetckoeto ol =% dol ncst` t`tcl do l`s btclbce`s. Tckhbâe, sb t`dcvëc e`
so fce romuporcd` l`s ebvolos cetos do lc mrbsbs, so ronbstrc uec dbeãkbmc p`sbvc c pcrr do 893=,
oe lëeoc m`e l` quo ostã `murrboed` m`e l`s m`esuk`s noeorclos do l`s btclbce`s. Ostc toedoembc
p`sbvc so m`erkc oe l`s rosultcd`s `htoebd`s do lc M`esukor ]urvoy E`kbskc, oe m`emrot`,
dohbd` c quo kãs do lc kbtcd do l`s rosp`eschlos do lc m`kprc do kuohlos y crmul`s pcrc ol
f`ncr (?7%) plceoce kcetoeor ostchlo ol ncst` dosecd` c pr`dumt`s do m`estrummbýe ` crmul`s
do dom`rcmbýe durceto ol prýxbk` có` (8936), kboetrcs quo ol 88% osporc dosecr ue ncst` kãs
clt` pcrc ost`s crmul`s oe 8936 oe m`kpcrcmbýe m`e ol 893>. Osto ñlk` p`rmoetcao cukoetc
oetro l`s m`kprcd`ros do `haot`s/olokoet`s oe kãrk`l do `rbnoe poruce`: ol =8% do osto tcrnot,
do fomf`, provâ, pcrc ol prýxbk` có`, ue cukoet` oe ol ncst` oe m`estrummbýe y `haot`s
dom`rcv`s.
 

Oe Btclbc, ol us` do pr`dumt`s do pbodrc noeorý, oe 8937, ue m`esuk` do 8,8 kbll`eos do t. Oe

târkbe`s mucetcv`s rorbâed`so c lc uebdcd do kodbdc do lc supormbo, supuostc oe ol kotr`
mucdrcd` oqubvcloeto cl ospos`r m`evoemb`ecl
m`evoemb`ecl do 8 mk, ol m`esuk` do pbodrc oe Btclbc oe 8937 uo
do 49,2 kbll`eos do kotr`s mucdrcd`s oqubvcloetos, m`rrosp`edboeto cl 8,7% dol m`esuk` t`tcl
kuedbcl. Ol m`esuk` do pbodrcs ronbstrý uec dbskbeumbýe do -3,?% oe m`kpcrcmbýe m`e ol có`
cetorb`r, y do -86% oe ol ñlk` qubequoeb` ceclbzcd` (8937/8933).

=.4.M@EDBMB@EO] DO CMMO]@ CL KOXMCD@

=.4.3.
=.4.3. CXCEMO
CXCEMOLO]
LO],, TXBH_
TXBH_T@]
T@] O BK
BKY_O
Y_O]T@
]T@]]

Ycrc bkp`rtcr pr`dumt`s oe Btclbc fcy quo mukplbr ceto t`d` lc e`rkcvc our`poc. Fcy quo
m`esbdorcr quo lc _ebýe Our`poc os tckhbâe uec _ebýe Cduceorc y l`s 86 pcësos kbokhr`s
`rkce ue torrbt`rb` ñebm` c oomt`s cduceor`s. C ebvol prãmm` os` sbnebmc quo e` so pcnce
doromf`s cduceor`s s`hro kormcemëcs quo so trcslcdce oetro pcësos do lc _ebýe Our`poc, t`d`s
cplbmce ue crcemol cduceor` m`kñe pcrc kormcemëcs bkp`rtcdcs uorc do lc _O y lcs kormcemëcs
quo so fce bkp`rtcd` lonclkoeto puodoe mbrmulcr p`r t`dc lc _O sbe toeor quo pcscr p`r kãs
m`etr`los cduceor`s.

DOXOMF@] DO BKY@XTCMBÝE

NXCWÃKOEO] BETOXB@XO]
 

XONLC] DO @XBNOE CLM M@L@KHBC, YOXÑ R OM_CD@X - MCE R _O

Ycrc ol dospcmf` do cducec do lcs kormcemëcs fcy quo m`etcr m`e ue`s d`mukoet`s ospomëm`s.
ospomëm`s.
Ost`s d`mukoet`s s`e1

• Gcmturc m`kormbcl

• Domlcrcmbýe dol vcl`r oe cducec

• D`mukoet`s do trcesp`rto

• ]onur` do trcesp`rto do kormcemëcs

• Lbstc do okpcquo (Ycmjben lbst)

• Domlcrcmbýe do bkp`rtcmbýe (D_C)

=.4.8.. XO]TXBMMB
=.4.8 XO]TXBMMB@EO]
@EO],, O]TCEDCXO
O]TCEDCXO],
], R E@XKC]
E@XKC] DO BENXO]
BENXO]@
@ CL KOXMCD@
KOXMCD@

Ol kormcd` do lc _O oxbno ol mukplbkboet` do uecs ospombmcmb`eos

ospombmcmb`eos tâmebmcs pcrc kãrk`l y
trcvore`s dosecd`s c lc m`estrummbýe.
m`estrummbýe. Ost`s kctorbclos dohoe do mukplbr m`e ol Xonlckoet`
 

(O_) =9?/8933. Osto ronlckoet` ostchlomo lcs m`edbmb`eos crk`ebzcdcs pcrc lc m`kormbclbzcmbýe do
pr`dumt`s do m`estrummbýe. Oe ol Ceox` so ostchlomoe l`s roqubsbt`s hãsbm`s do lcs `hrcs do
m`estrummbýe1

• Xosbstoembc komãebmc y ostchblbdcd

• ]onurbdcd oe mcs` do bemoedb`

• Fbnboeo, sclud y kodb` ckhboeto

• ]onurbdcd y cmmosbhblbdcd
cmmosbhblbdcd do ulbzcmbýe

• Yr`tommbýe m`etrc ol rubd`

• Cf`rr` do oeornëc y cbslckboet` târkbm`

• _lbzcmbýe s`stoebhlo do l`s romurs`s ecturclos Ycrc mcdc ue` do ost`s roqubsbt`s, ol Ceox` B dol
Xonlckoet` (O_) =9?/8933 pr`p`rmb`ec uec oxplbmcmbýe dotcllcdc.

O]YOMBGBMCMB@EO] TÂMEMBC] CXK@EBQCDC

L`s roquorbkboet`s hãsbm`s roprosoetce lc hcso pcrc lcs ospombmcmb`eos tâmebmcs crk`ebzcdcs.
Ostcs bemluyoe1

• E`rkcs crk`ebzcdcs, noeorclkoeto pcrc pr`dumt`s do m`estrummbýe trcdbmb`eclos

• D`mukoet` do ovclucmbýe our`po`, pcrc pr`dumt`s bee`vcd`ros.

DOMLCXCMBÝE DO YXO]TCMB@EO]
YXO]TCMB@EO]

Lc Domlcrcmbýe do Yrostcmb`eos doho sor okbdc p`r ol chrbmceto sb ol pr`dumt` so m`kormbclbzc

m`kormbclbzc y
ostã muhbort` p`r uec e`rkc crk`ebzcdc ` m`e`rko c ue D`mukoet` do Ovclucmbýe Our`po`. Lc
Domlcrcmbýe do Yrostcmb`eos oxprosc ol dosokpoó` do l`s pr`dumt`s do m`estrummbýe oe rolcmbýe
m`e lcs mcrcmtorësmcs osoembclos do os`s pr`dumt`s do m`e`rkbdcd m`e lcs ospombmcmb`eos
tâmebmcs crk`ebzcdcs poreoetos. Cl olch`rcr lc Domlcrcmbýe do Yrostcmb`eos, ol chrbmceto csuko
lc rosp`eschblbdcd do lc m`e`rkbdcd dol pr`dumt` do m`estrummbýe m`e dbmf` roedbkboet`
domlcrcd`. Lc Domlcrcmbýe do Yrostcmb`eos so olch`rcrã ulbzced` ol k`dol` ostchlombd` oe ol
Ceox` BBB dol Xonlckoet` (O_) =9?/8933.

KCXMCD@ MO

Ol kcrmcd` MO os `hlbnct`rb` pcrc l`s pr`dumt`s do m`estrummbýe pcrc l`s quo ol chrbmceto fc
olch`rcd` uec domlcrcmbýe do roedbkboet`. Ycrc muclqubor pr`dumt` do m`estrummbýe muhbort` p`r
 

uec e`rkc crk`ebzcdc, ` pcrc ol quo so fcyc okbd` ue D`mukoet` do Ovclucmbýe Our`po`, ol
kcrmcd` MO sorã ol ñebm` quo morquo lc m`e`rkbdcd dol pr`dumt` do m`estrummbýe m`e ol
roedbkboet` domlcrcd` oe rolcmbýe m`e lcs mcrcmtorësmcs osoembclos, muhbortcs p`r quo lcs e`rkcs
crk`ebzcdcs ` p`r ol d`mukoet` do ovclucmbýe our`po`.

@HLBNCMB@EO] Y@X L@] @YOXCD@XO] OM@EÝKBM@]

L`s `porcd`ros om`eýkbm`s (chrbmceto, bkp`rtcd`r y dbstrbhubd`r) quo betorvboeoe oe lc mcdoec

do sukbebstr` y dbstrbhumbýe dohoe t`kcr lcs kodbdcs cdomucdcs pcrc ncrcezcr quo m`l`quoe `
p`ence c dbsp`sbmbýe oe ol kormcd` ñebmckoeto pr`dumt`s do m`estrummbýe quo mukplce l`s
roqubsbt`s dol Xonlckoet` s`hro pr`dumt`s do m`estrummbýe. Oe ospomëm`, lcs prbembpclos
`hlbncmb`eos dol chrbmceto m`estc do roclbzcr uec Domlcrcmbýe do Xoedbkboet` (D`Y) pcrc ol
pr`dumt` y m`l`mcr ol kcrmcd` MO. Ol chrbmceto tckhbâe doho m`esorvcr lc d`mukoetcmbýe tâmebmc
durceto dboz có`s, ncrcezcr uec pr`dummbýe m`estceto, ncrcezcr quo ol pr`dumt` soc
bdoemchlo, bedbmcr ue puet` do m`etcmt` oe ol pr`dumt` y pr`p`rmb`ecr bestrummb`eos
bestrummb`eos o
be`rkcmbýe do sonurbdcd oe l`s bdb`kcs cpr`pbcd`s. Ol e`khro y l`s dct`s do m`etcmt` dol
bkp`rtcd`r ` dol dbstrbhubd`r dohoe cpcromor oe ol pr`dumt`, ol oquotcd` ` l`s d`mukoet`s
cs`mbcd`s.

MOXTBGBMCMB@EO]

]onñe ol p` do pr`dumt`, olch`rcd` c pcrr do kãrk`los y trcvore`s (do m`estrummbýe ` do

dom`rcmbýe) fcy dboroetos p`s do mormcmb`eos. Clnuecs s`e1

• OYD® (Oevbr`ekoetcl Yr`dumt Domlcrc`e) s`hro ol dosokpoó` ckhboetcl dol pr`dumt` oe hcso
c mrbtorb`s do `haovbdcd, m`kpcrchblbdcd
m`kpcrchblbdcd y mrodbhblbdcd
mrodbhblbdcd

• E]G (Ec`ecl ]cebtc`e G`uedc`e) os uec mormcmbýe do sonurbdcd dol pr`dumt` oe oet`re`s
do clbkoet`s, m`e ue oe`quo oe clbkoet`s, cnuc, cbro betorb`r y ol kodb` ckhboeto.

• OKC] (Om`-Kcecnokoet ced Cudbt ]mfoko) os uec forrckboetc v`luetcrbc mrocdc p`r lc
M`kuebdcd Our`poc, d`edo lcs okproscs puodoe uebrso v`luetcrbckoeto pcrc ovclucr y koa`rcr
su dosokpoó` ckhboetcl y pr`p`rmb`ecr cl pñhlbm` y `trcs pcrtos betoroscdcs do be`rkcmbýe
s`hro su nosýe ckhboetcl

• LOOD (Locdorsfbp be Oeorny ced Oevbr`koetcl Dosbne) do Nrooe Hubldben M`uembl os uec
mormcmbýe pcrc lc m`estrummbýe s`stoebhlo

• Nrooenucrd pcrc ncrcezcr quo e` lbhoroe okbsb`eos v`lãlos (MW@) oe oet`re`s morrcd`s y
`tr`s m`etckbecetos, do m`e`rkbdcd m`e l`s ostrbmt`s ostãedcros do fbnboeo, ostchlombd`s pcrc
odbmb`s m`k` osmuolcs y f`spbtclos.

4. M@ER
M@ER_E
_ET_
T_XC
XC ECMB
ECMB@E
@ECL
CL
4.3.XO]_KOE
 

  X@D_MT@ HX_T@ BETOXE@

Yr `dumt` Hr ut` Betor e` (Kblos do kbll`eos do ]`los) >98 >?? 692 676 2=? 648
Yr `dumt` Hr ut` Betor e` (Wcr bcmbýe p`r moetucl rocl) 8.? =.7 4.= 4.? ?.9 4.=
Dokcedc Betor ec ( Wcr bcmbýe p`rmoetucl r ocl) 3.7 =.6 4.? 4.7 ?.3 4.?
M`esuk` Yr bv cd` ( Wcr bcmbýe p`rmoetucl r ocl) 8.? 8.2 =.6 4.9 4.8 =.>
M`esuk` Yñhlbm` (Wcr bcmbýe p`rmoetucl r ocl) 3.9 4.7 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.7

Bev orsb`e Yr bv cdc (Wcr bcmbýe p`r moetucl rocl) 9.= 4.? >.8 >.? 6.9 7.6
Bev orsb`e Yñhlbmc (Wcr bcmbýe p`rmoetucl r ocl) - 8 .= 3>.? 2.9 7.9 ?.9 2.4
Bev orsbýe Yr bv cdc (Y`r moetcao dol YHB) 3>.3 3>.8 3>.6 36.4 32.3 36.3
Bev orsbýe Yñhlbmc (Y`r moetcao dol YHB) 4.? ?.3 ?.= ?.4 ?.? ?.=

]OMT@X OVTOXE@
Muoetc M `r rboeto ( Y`r moetcao dol YHB) - 3.= - 3.= - 3.? - 3.7 - 3.> - 3.?
Hclcezc m`kor mbcl ( Kbll`eos do _] dýlcr os) 7,877 >,??2 >,924 >,3>> 7,>3> >,3=>
Ox p`r tcmb`eos (Kbll`eos do _] dýlcr os) 44,236 42,744 ?3,662 ?4,?=8 ?>,736 ?=,489
Bkp`r tcmb`eos ( Kbll`eos do _] dýlcr os) -=6,7?8 - 48,96? - 44,>2? - 4>,=?? - ?9,299 -47,864

]CLD@ DO DO_DC ÑHLB MC

Ox tor ec ( Y`r moetcao dol YHB) 6.> 2.3 2.? 2.4 6.2 2.8
Betor ec ( Y`r moetcao dol YHB) 37.3 3>.8 36.? 36.8 36.8 36.9
T `tcl ( Y`r moetcao dol YHB) 84.6 87.= 86.9 8>.7 8>.9 8>.8

4.
4.3.
3.3.
3. BEWO
BEWOX]
X]B@
B@E
E YX
YXBW
BWCD
CDC
C

Oe ol somt`r kbeor`, so osporc quo lc bevorsbýe m`eeño mromboed`. Lc m`estrummbýe do pr`yomt`s

m`k` Suollcvom` (_]$ ?,= kbl kbll`eos), Kbec Austc (_]$ 3,7 kbl kbll`eos) y Ckplbcmbýe do
T`r`k`mf` (_]$3,= kbl kbll`eos) bkpulscrëce ol somt`r oe l`s prýxbk`s có`s y oe koe`r osmclc,
pr`yomt`s cmtuclkoeto oe m`estrummbýe, m`k` Suomfor Kcbe (_]$ 9,= kbl kbll`eos) y Xolcvos H8
]ce Xccol (_]$ 9,8 kbl kbll`eos) m`etrbhubrëce c osto mrombkboet`. Mcho soóclcr quo, ost`s d`s
ñlk`s oetrcrëce oe lc cso pr`dumvc c  eos dol prosoeto có`. ]onñe ol Kbebstorb` do Oeornëc y
Kbecs lc bevorsbýe kbeorc clmcezý _]$ =,9 kbl kbll`eos oe ol porb`d` oeor`-aulb`,
oeor`-aulb`, l` quo
roprosoetc ue mrombkboet` do 84,? p`r mboet` m`e rospomt` cl kbsk` porb`d` dol có` cetorb`r.
 

4.3.8. YHB

M`esbdorced` lc rovbsbýe c lc hcac oe ol mrombkboet` dol YHB, so osporc quo lc hromfc dol pr`dumt`
(kcrnoe p`rmoetucl oetro ol ebvol dol YHB y su p`toembcl) oxporbko
oxporbkoeto
eto oe ol f`rbz`eto do
pr`yommbýe uec rodummbýe kãs nrcducl quo l` pr`yomtcd` oe ol Xop`rto provb`. Ostc oskcmbýe
bem`rp`rc ue mrombkboet` dol YHB p`toembcl do =,? p`r mboet` pcrc 8932 y 8989.

4.8.HCLCEQC M@KOXMBCL
 

Ol vcl`r do oxp`rtcmb`eos do 8932 mromorëc 9,2 p`r mboet` (8,7 p`r mboet` pr`yomtcd` oe ol Xop`rto
do aueb`) dohbd` c quo ol bkpcmt` dol mf`quo do `ortc s`hro lc cmvbdcd prbkcrbc so ostcrëc
pr`l`enced` kãs quo l` cembpcd` provbckoeto. Oe 8989 lcs oxp`rtcmb`eos mromorëce ?,7 p`r
mboet`, uec voz so e`rkclbmo lc pr`dummbýe pr`voeboeto do l`s somt`ros prbkcrb`s.

4.=.XBO]N@ YCË]
Ol rbosn` pcës do Yorñ ol 8>/92/8932 morrý lc sosbýe oe 9.2= puet`s p`rmoetuclos, caustcd` dospuâ
dospuâss
dol mborro, suhboed` d`s puet`s hãsbm`s rospomt` c lc sosbýe cetorb`r, sonñe ol OKHB+ Yorñ
mclmulcd` p`r ol hcem` do bevorsbýe AY K`rnce.

Yorñ (9.2= puet`s p`rmoetuclos) rop`rtý ol rbosn` pcës kãs hca` do lc ronbýe, sonubd` do M`l`khbc
(3.76 puet`s) y Kâxbm` (3.2> puet`s).

Bedbmcd`r

Ol OKHB+ Yorñ so kbdo oe uembýe do lc dboroembc dol roedbkbo

roedbkboet`
et` pr`kodb` do l`s tul`s
s`horce`s poruce`s roeto cl roedbkboet` dol h`e` dol Tos`r` ostcd`uebdoeso.

Csë, so oskc ol rbosn` p`lëm` y lc p`sbhblbdcd do quo ue pcës puodc bemukplbr m`e sus `hlbncmb`eos
do pcn` c l`s cmrood`ros betorecmb`eclos.

4.4.YXBEMBYCLO] BEDBMCD@XO]
4.
4.4.
4.3.
3. TC]C
TC]C DO
DO DO]O
DO]OKY
KYLO
LO@
@

Kbdo lc pr`p`rmbýe do pors`ecs dosokplocdcs

dosokplocdcs ` dos`mupcdcs, quo ostãe husmced` cmvckoeto
ue okplo`.
 

4.
4.4.
4.8.
8. YX
YX@D
@D_M
_MMB
MB@E
@E ECMB
ECMB@E
@ECL
CL
Kuostrc koesuclkoeto lc toedoembc do lc cmtbvbdcd om`eýkbmc ecmb`ecl, c ebvol nl`hcl
y somt`rbcl

4.
4.4.
4.=.
=. TC]C
TC]C DO BETO
BETOXÂ
XÂ]]

Lc tcsc do betorâs rocl so uhbmý clrodod`r do 9,8 p`r mboet` oe osto porb`d`, p`r dohca` do su ebvol
eoutrcl oskcd` oe 3,?9 p`r mboet` (vor romucdr` s`hro ol pcrmulcr). Ostc p`sbmbýe oxpcesbvc do
p`lëmc k`eotcrbc os m`esbstoeto m`e uec tcsc do begcmbýe quo so uhbmc clrodod`r do 8,9 p`r

mboet` oe ol f`rbz`eto
do lc dokcedc betorecdo pr`yommbýe,
koe`r m`e ue sosn` c lc hcac p`r lc p`sbhblbdcd do ue mrombkboet`
c l` osporcd`.

4.
4.4.
4.4.
4. BEGL
BEGLCM
CMB@
B@E
E

Ostc doscmolorcmbýe so ronbstrc oe `rkc pcrclolc cl kcetoebkboet` do hcacs tcscs do begcmbýe. Ol

koe`r dbeckbsk` do lc dokcedc betorec, mbortc ostchblbdcd oe ol p` do mckhb` y clnue`s
mf`quos bdb`sbemrãm`s
bdb`sbemrãm`s fce kcetoebd` lc begcmbýe doetr` dol rcen` kotc oe l`s pcësos do lc
ronbýe m`e osquokcs do kotcs oxplëmbtcs do begcmbýe. Oe osto m`etoxt`, vcrbcs om`e`këcs do lc
ronbýe roduaor`e su tcsc do betorâs oe l`s kosos do aulb`, cn`st` y sookhro.