CLASS : X SUB: MATHEMATICS

TERM: II
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS (CHAPTERWISE)
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1. Quadratic Equations
A) 2 marks Questions
1.Find the roots of the quadratic equation 6 2 − − 2 = 0.
2. Find the values of k for which the quadratic equation 2 2 + + 3 = 0 has real andequal roots.
2
3. Find the roots of the quadratic equation 2x +7x+6=0.
4. Find the roots of the quadratic equations
5. Find the value of K for which the quadratic equation has real and equal roots.
6. For what value of k, the root of quadratic kx(x-2√5) + 10 = 0 are equal,
7. A chess board contains 64 squares and area of each square is 6.25cm2. A border round the board is

2cm wide Find the length of the side of the chess board.

8. Find the value of k for which the given equation 4x2+kx+3=0 has equal roots

9. Solve for x: 4x2+4bx-(a2-b2)=0

10. Rohan’s mother is 26 years older than him. The product of their ages (in years)3 years from now
will be 360. We would like to find Rohan’s present age.
11. Find the value(s) of k so that the quadratic equation x2 – 4kx + k = 0 has equal roots.
12. If Ritu were younger by 5 years than what she really is, then the square of her age would have
been 11 more than five times her present age. What is her present age?
13. Solve for x: 9x² - 6px + (p² - q²) = 0
14. Solve for x : 4x2 - 4ax + a2 - b2 = 0

15. For what value of k, the quadratic equation 9x2+6kx+4=0 has real and equal roots?

16. Find the value of for which the equation has equal roots.

17. Find the numerical difference of the roots of equation:

18. Find the roots of the equation :
19. Find k if the quadratic equation has equal roots : kx (x – 2) + 6 = 0.
20. Three consecutive positive integers are such that the sum of the square of the first and the product of
other two is 46, find the integers.
21. Solve for x

B) 3 marks Questions
1. The difference of squares of two numbers is 180. The square of smaller circle is 8 times the larger
number. Find two numbers.
2. Find two consecutive positive integers, the sum of whose squares is 365.
3. The sum of the square of three positive numbers that are consecutive multiples of 3 is 261. Find
three numbers.
4. The sum of the squares of two consecutive even numbers is 340. Find the two numbers.

2. Arithmetic Progressions

A) 2 marks Questions
1. Determine the A.P. whose 3rd term is 5 and 7th term is 9.
2. Which term of the AP: 21, 18, 15,… is -81?
3. How many three digit numbers are divisible by 7?
4. Find the common difference of the Arithmetic Progression 3, 7, 11, 15, …… .
5. If the first term changes to 10 and the common difference remains the same then write the new A.P.
6. The sum of n terms of an AP is 3n2 + 5n .Find AP .Hence find its 15th term.
7. 5 times 5th term of an A. P. is equal to 8 times its 8th term. show its 13th term is zero.
8. Find the value of a25 - a15 for the AP: 6, 9, 12, 15, ………..
 9. If 7 times the seventh term of the AP is equal to 5 times the fifth term, thenfind the value of its
12th term.Find the sum of the first 22 terms of the AP: 8,3,-2,….
10. Find the sum of first 24 terms of an AP whose nth term is given by an=3+2n.(2)
11. Sarita saves Rs.24 in the first month, Rs.30 in the second month, Rs.36 in the third month and she
continues to save in this manner. Find the amount that she saves in the thirteenth month.
12. If 2, x, 26 is an Arithmetic Progression. Find the value of x.
13. Determine the arithmetic progression whose third term is 5 and the seventh term is 9.
14. Is 0 a term of the AP : 31, 28 , 25 , ……. ?
15. Which term of the AP : 3, 8, 13, 18, …. Is 78 ?
16. The sum of 5th and 9th terms of an A.P. is 72 and the sum of 7th and 12th term is 97. Find the A.P.
17. Which term of the A.P. 3, 15, 27, 39 .... wil be 120 more than its 21st term?
B) 3 marks Questions
1. How many term of the A.P. 24,21,18………… must be taken so that their sum is 78
2. Find the 20th term from the last term of the AP: 3, 8,13,….,253.
3. An AP 8, 11, 14,……….has 20 terms .find the last term. Also find the sum of the last 7 terms.
C) 4 marks Questions
1. Case Study-1

1. Jack is much worried about his upcoming assessment on AP. He was vigorouslypracticing for the exam

but unable to solve some questions. One of these questions is shown as below.
If the 3rd and 9th terms of AP are 4 and -8 respectively, then help jack in solvingthe problem.
(a) Find first term and common difference.
(b) Find 75th term of this sequence.

2. Case Study-2
In a class the teacher asks every student to write an example of A.P. Two friends Geeta and Madhuri writes
their progressions as –5, –2, 1, 4, … and 187, 184, 181, …. respectively. Now, the teacher asks
various students of the class the following questions on these two progressions. Help students to
find the answers of the questions.
1. Find the 34th term of the progression written by Madhuri.
(a) 286 (b) 88 (c) –99 (d) 190
2. Find the sum of common difference of the two progressions.
(a) 6 (b) –6 (c) 1 (d) 0
3).Find the 19th term of the progression written by Geeta.
(a) 49 (b) 59 (c) 52 (d) 62
4) Find the sum of first 10 terms of the progression written by Geeta.
(a) 85 (b) 95 (c) 110 (d) 200
3.CASE STUDY – 3

On the occasion of the world environment day 5th June there are plantation in the School campus. all the
students with counsel of students and teachers decided to plant trees in and around the school building to
reduce air pollution. It was decided that the number of trees ,that each section of each class will plant will
be double of the class in which they are studying .If there are 1 to 12 classes in the school and each class
have 2 sections.

(i) Form an AP representing number of trees planted by each class?

(ii) Find total number of trees planted by students.
 4. Case Study-4

Kanika was given her pocket money on Jan 1st, 2022. She puts Re 1 on day 1, Rs 2 on day 2, Rs 3 on day 3 and
continued doing so till the end of the month, from this money into her piggy bank . She also spent Rs 204 of
her pocket money and found that at the end of the month she still had Rs 100 with her.

(i) How much Kanika take till the end of the month from her pocket money into her piggy bank ?
(ii) How much was her pocket money for the month ?
5. Case Study-5
Ramkali requires Rs. 2500 for admission of her daughter to send her daughter to school but she
does not have any saving so she decided to save money.
i) She saved Rs.100 in the first week and increased her weekly savings by Rs. 20 every week
Find whether she will be able to send her daughter to school after 12 weeks.
ii) If she starts saving 50 Rs in the first week and there after increase her weekly saving by 40
Rs. Per week find after how many weeks she will be able to admit her daughter in the school.

3. Surface Area And Volume

A) 2 marks Questions
1. A solid is in the shape of a cone standing on a hemisphere with both radii being equal to 01 cm. and
height of the cone is equal to its radius. Find the volume of solid in terms of ¶
2. Three metallic solid cubes whose edges are 3cm, 4 cm and 5cm are melted andformed into
a single cube. Find the edge of the cube so formed
3. Two cubes each of volume 125cm3 are joined end to end to form a cuboid. Find the total surface
area of cuboid so formed?
4. A medicine capsule is in the shape of a cylinder with two hemispheres stuck to each of its ends. The
length of the entire capsule is 14 mm and the diameter of the capsule is 5 mm. Find its surface area.

5. Three cubes each of sides 5cm are joined end to end, then find the surface areaof the
resulting solid.
6. A cube of side 6 cm is cut into a number of cubes, each of side 2 cm. Find the number of cubes formed.

7. The internal and external radii of a spherical shell are 3cm and 5cm respectively. It is melted
and recast into a solid cylinder of diameter 14cm, findthe height of the cylinder. Also find the
total surface area of the cylinder.(Take =22/7)
8. The radius of a right circular cylinder is 7cm and height is 3cm. Find the total surface area of the
cylinder.
9. Three cubes of iron whose edges are 3cm, 4cm and 5cm are melted and formed into a single cube. Find
the length of the edge of the new cube.
10. A metallic sphere of radius 4.2 cm is melted and recast into the shape of a cylinder of radius 6 cm.
Find the height of the cylinder
11. The total surface area of a right circular cylinder is 3300 cm². If the radius of its base is 21 cm,
then find its height
 B) 3 marks Questions
1. A solid toy is in the form of a hemisphere surmounted by a right circular cone. The height of the cone is
2 cm and the diameter of the base is 4 cm. Determine the volume of the solid toy. If a right circular
cylinder circumscribes the toy, then find the difference of the volumes of the cylinder and the toy .
( take, )

C) 4 marks Questions
1. Case Study-1

1. The Great Stupa at Sanchi is one of the oldest stone structures in India, and an important
monument of Indian Architecture. It was originally commissioned by the emperor Ashoka in the
3rd century BCE. Its nucleus was a simple hemispherical brick structure built over the relics of the
Buddha. .It is a perfect example of combination of solid figures. A big hemispherical dome with a
cuboidal structure mounted on it.

(i) Calculate the volume of the hemispherical dome if the height of the dome is 21m.
(ii) Find the area of the cloth require to cover the hemispherical dome if the radius of its base is 14m is
2. Case Study-2

2. One day Rinka was going home from School, saw a carpenter working on wood. Shefound that he
is carving out a cone of same height and same diameter from a cylinder.The height of the cylinder
is 24cm and base radius is 7cm. While watching this, some question came into her mind. Help
Rinka to find the answer of the following question.
(a) Find the curved surface area of conical cavity.

(b)What is the volume of conical cavity?

3. Case Study-3

3. Adventure camps are the perfect place for the children to practice decision making for themselves
without parents and teachers guiding their every move. Some students of a school reached for \
adventure at Sakleshpur. At the camp, the waiters served some students with a welcome drink in a
cylindrical glass and some students in a hemispherical cup whose dimensions are shown in the fig.
After that they went for a jungle trek. The jungle trek was enjoyable but tiring.

A) Find volume of cylindrical glass

B) Find volume of Hemispherical cup
4. A well of diameter 3 m is dug 14 m deep. The earth taken out of it has been spread evenly all around
it in the shape of a circular ring of width 4 m to form an embankment. Find the height of the
embankment.
5. A container shaped like a right circular cylinder having diameter 12 cm and height 15cm is full of ice
cream. The ice cream is to be filled into cones of height 12 cm and diameter 6 cm, having a
hemispherical shape on the top. Find the number of such cones which can be filled with ice cream.
6. Twelve solid spheres of the same size are made by melting a solid metalliccylinder of Base
diameter 2cm and height 16cm. Find the diameter of each sphere.
7. Marbles of diameter 1.4cm are dropped into a cylindrical beaker of diameter 7cmcontaining some
water. Find the number of marbles that should be dropped intothe beaker, so that the water level
rises by 5.6cm
4. Case Study-4

8. John celebrates his 8th birthday with his parents and friends. His mother bought a cylindrical pot filled
with ice cream on his birthday.The diameter of the ice cream pot is 12cm and height is 15cm.

His mother wants to distribute the whole ice cream to 10 children in equal cones having hemispherical
tops. The height of the conical portion is 4 times the radius of its base.
i) Find the radius of the ice cream cone.
ii) How much ice cream was received by each child?
9. A solid toy is the form of a right circular cylinder with a hemispherical shape at one end and a cone at the other end.
Their diameter is 4.2 cm and the heights of the cylindrical and conical portions are 12 cm and 7 cm respectively.
Find the volume of the toy.
10. A solid wooden toy is in the form of a hemi-sphere surmounted by a cone of same radius. The radius of hemi-
sphere is 3.5 cm and the total wood used in the making of toy is (1001 / 6) cm3 . Find the height of the toy. Also,
find the cost of painting the hemi-spherical part of the toy at the rate of Rs.10 per cm². (use π = 22 / 7 ).

4. Statastics
A) 2 marks Questions
1. A survey conducted on 20 households in locality by a group of students resulted in following
frequency table for the number of family members in a household. Find mode of this data.
Family Size 1-3 3-5 5-7 7-9 9-11
Number ofFamily 7 8 2 2 1
2. Find median of following frequency distribution.
Class Interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
Frequency 5 8 20 15 7 5
3. Find the mean of the following data is(2)

Class Interval 50−60 60−70 70−80 80−90 90−100

Frequency 8 6 12 11 13
4 . Find the mode of the following data.

Class Interval 0−20 20−40 40−60 60−80 80−100

Frequency 12 7 6 16 6
5. An inter house cricket match was organized by a school. Distribution of runs made by the students is
given below. Find the Median runs scored.
Runs Scored 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Number of Students 3 4 6 5 4
6. The Mode of following frequency distribution is 67. Find the missing frequency x
Class 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90
Frequency 5 x 15 12 7
7. Marks obtained by class 10th students is recorded in the given table .the model marks of the Students is 36,
but one frequency is missing, find the missing frequency.

C. I. 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70

frequency 8 10 x 16 12 6 7
8. The mean marks of the following data is 14.
Find the value of k. (2)
X 5 10 15 20 25
F 7 k 8 4 5

9. Find the median of the following frequency distribution:

Weekly wages (in `) 59.5-69.5 69.5-79.5 79.5-89.5 89.5-99.5 99.5-109.5 109.5-119.5

Number of workers 5 15 20 30 20 8
10. Following is the distribution of the long jump competition in which 250 students participated.
Find the median distance jumped by the students. Interpret the median

Distance (in m) 0-1 1-2 2–3 3–4 4-5

Number of students 40 80 62 38 30
11. The marks obtained by 40 students in a test of mathematics are given in
the following table. Find the median marks.
Marks Number of students
0-10 5
10-20 7
20-30 10
30-40 16
40-50 2
12. Write Empirical relationship between the three measures of central tendency. Find the value of p if
mode= p+24, mean = 10 and Median = 15 for a data.
13. A survey conducted on 20 households in a locality by a group of students resulted in the following
frequency table for the number of family members in a household. Find the mode of this data.

Family Size 1–3 3–5 5–7 7–9 9 – 11

No. of
7 8 2 2 1
families
14. The median of following frequency distribution is 24 years. Find the missing frequency x

B) 3 marks Questions
1. An aircraft has 120 passenger seats. The number of seats occupied during 100 flight is given in the
following table.
No. of seats 100-104 104-108 108-112 112-116 116-120
No,. of flights 15 20 22 18 15
Determine the mean number of seats occupied over the flight.
2. Find the unknown entries a, b, c, d ,e and f in the following distribution of height of Students in the
class.
Height (in cm) Frequency Cumulative frequency
150-155 12 a
155-160 b 25
160-165 10 c
165-170 d 43
170-175 e 48
175-180 2 f
50
 3. The distribution below gives the weight of 30 students of a class. Find the median weight of
the students.
Weight 40 - 45 - 50 - 55 - 60 - 65 - 70 -
(in kg) 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
No. of
2 3 8 6 6 3 2
Students
4. The distribution given below shows the runs scored by batsman in one day cricket matches. Find the
mean number of runs.

Runs 120 – 160 –

0 – 40 40 – 80 80 – 120
Scored 160 200
Number
of 12 20 35 30 23
Batsman
5. Find the mode of the following frequency distribution

6. The following table represent marks obtained by students in a test.

Find mean marks of the students.

C) 4 marks Questions
1. The table below shows the daily expenditure on food of 25 households in a locality.
Daily expenditure 100-150 150-200 200-250 250-300 300-350
No of households 4 5 12 2 2
Find the mean daily expenditure.
2.If the median of the distribution given below is 28.5, find the values of x and y.(4)

Class Interval 0-10 20-30 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60

Frequency 5 x 15 20 y 5
3. The following table gives the literacy rate (%) in 40 cities. Find the mean of literacy rate.
Literacy Rate More than 45 More than 55 More than 65 More than 75 More than 85 More than 95
Number of Cities 40 36 25 13 4 0

4. Find the mode of the following frequency distribution.

5. Find the missing frequencies in the following frequency distribution table, If N=100and median is 32.

Marks Obtained 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 Total

Number of 10 x 25 30 y 10 100
students

6. Find the mean age (in years) from the frequency distribution given below :
Class 25- 29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59
(age in
years)
Frequency 4 14 22 16 6 5 3
 1. Case Study-1
7. Children all over the world use smartphones for various purposes. Some children are seen talking to
their friends for long hours, while others spend their time playing games and texting on phones. They
may cause headache, decreased attention, sleep disorder, shortness of temper and depression, mostly
among teenagers. To reduce the harmful effects, we should always remember that mobile phone is a
friend, not a master, and it should never be used too much.

The following table shows the number of hours spent per week by 60 students in a school.
Time per week (in hours) Number of students
0-5 8
5-10 11
10-15 15
15-20 12
20-25 9
25-30 5
(i) Find the mean number of hours per week spent by each student on phones.
(ii) Calculate the modal number of hours per week spent by the maximum number of students.

5. Tangent to a Circle

A) 2 marks Questions
1. Prove that the lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
2. A circle is inscribed in the quadrilateral ABCD. Given AB=6cm,BC=7cm and CD=4cm. Find AD.
3. The length of a tangent from a point A at distance 5 cm from the center of the circleis 4 cm. Find
the radius of the circle.
4. A quadrilateral ABCD is drawn to circumscribe a circle in the given figure.
Prove thatAB + CD = AD + BC

5. If a,b,c are the sides of a right triangle , where c is the hypotenuse, Prove that the radius ‘r’ of the in
circle M,N,P are point of contact of BC,AC, AB respectively. O is the center. which touches the sides
of the triangle is given by r = (a+b-c)/2

See fig.1 See fig.2

5. In the given Fig-2, a circle is inscribed in the quadrilateral ABCD. Given AB=6 cm, BC=7 cm and CD=
4cm Find AD?
6. In.fig. PQ is tangent at point C to circle with center O, if AB is a diameter and CAB =

300,FindPCA.
7. If a chord AB subtends an angle 60° at the center of circle, then find the anglebetween
the tangents at A and B.

8. In the given figure, PA and PB are tangents from an external point P and
PAB =45°. Then, find the value of APB.
A

B
9. In the given Figure, PQ and PR are tangents of the circle. Find the measure of ∠QPR.

10. If PQ is a tangent to a circle with centre O and radius 6 cm such that ∠ , then find the length
of a tangent PQ and a line OQ.
11. In the given figure, PQ is tangent to outer circle and PR is tangent to inner circle. If PQ = 4cm,
OQ = 3 cm and OR = 2 cm then find the length of PR.

B) 3 marks Questions
1. Two concentric circles are of radii 5cm and 3cm. Find length of chord of the larger circle which
touches the smaller circle.
2. I n the given figure, PA and PB are tangents to the circle with center O such that ∠APB = 50°. Write the
measure of ∠OAB.

3. In fig l and m are two parallel tangents at A and B. the tangent at C makes an intercept DE between l
and m. Prove that angle DOE=900, where O is centre of circle.

C) 4 marks Questions
1. Two tangents TP and TQ are drawn to a circle with centre O from the external point . Prove that
PTQ = 2 OPQ.

2. Prove that the angle between the two tangents drawn from an external point to a circle is
Supplementary to the angle subtend by the line segment joining the point of contact to the center.
3. In the given figure ABC is drawn to circumscribe a circle of radius 4 cm, such that the segment BD and
DC into which BC is divided by the point of contact D are of length 6 cm and 8 cm respectively, find side
AB if the ar(ABC)= 84 cm²
 6. Construction
C) 4 marks Questions
1. Draw a circle of radius 6 cm. From a point 10 cm. away from its centre , construct the pair of
tangents to the circle and measure their lengths.
2. Draw a pair of tangents to a circle of radius 6cm. which are inclined to each other at angle of 600.
Also find length of tangents.
3. Draw a circle of radius 6 cm. From a point 10 cm away from its center, construct thepair of tangents

to the circle and measure their lengths.

4. Draw a line segment AB of length 8 cm. Taking A as center, draw a circle of radius 4 cmand taking B as
center, draw another circle of radius 3 cm. Construct tangents to eachcircle from the center of the
other circle.
5. Construct two concentric circles of radii 2.5 cm and 6.0 cm. Draw two tangents to the smaller circle
from a point P which lies on the bigger circle.
6. Draw a circle of radius 3 cm with center C. take a point (P) such that CP=7cm side.
Construct the pair of tangents from this point (P) to the circle. Find length of tangent.
7. Construct a circle of radius 5cm. Draw two tangents to the circle perpendicular to each other.
8. Construct a pair of tangents to a circle of radius 4cm, when 10 cm away from the centre.

7. Height And Distance

B) 3 marks Questions
1. A tree is broken due to the storm in such a way that the top of the tree touches the ground and
makes an angle of 300 with the ground. Length of the broken upper partof the tree is 8 meters. Find
the height of the tree before it was broken.
2. Two poles of equal height are standing opposite each other on either side of the road 80m wide.
From a point between them on the road the angles of elevation of the top of the two poles are
respectively 600 and 300. Find the distance of the pointfrom the two poles.
3. From the top of a 7 m high building, the angle of elevation of the top of a cable toweris 60° and the
angle of depression of its foot is 45°. Determine the height of the tower.
4. A TV tower stands vertically on a bank of a canal. From a point on the other bank directly opposite
the tower, the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is 60°. Fromanother point 20 m away
from this point on the line joining this point to the foot of thetower, the angle of elevation of the
top of the tower is 30° (see the given figure). Find the height of the tower and the width of the CD
and 20 m from pole AB .

4. A straight tree is broken due to storm and the broken part bends so that the top of the tree touches
the ground making angle of 300 with the ground. The distance between the foot of the tree to the
point where the tip touches the ground is 8m. Find the height of the tree.
5. The tops of two towers of height x and y, standing on level ground, making angles 300 and 600
respectively. At the center of line joining their feet, Find x:y.
6. A TV tower stands vertically on a bank of a canal. From a point on the other bank directly opposite the
tower, the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is 60∘. From another point 20 m away from this
point on the line joining this point to the foot of the tower, the angle of elevation of the top of the
tower is 30∘ Find the height of the tower and the width of the canal.
7. An aeroplane when flying at a height of 5000 m from ground passes vertically above another
aeroplane at an instant when the angles of elevation of the two planes from the same point on the
ground are 600 and 450 respectively. Find the vertical distance between the aeroplanes at the
instance.
8. Two poles of equal heights are standing opposite to each other on either side ofthe road,
which is 100m wide. From a point between them on the road, the angles of elevation of the top of the
poles are 60°and 30°spectively. Find the height of thepoles and the distance of the point from the
poles.
9. If The shadow of a tower when the angle of elevation of the Sun is 45° is found to be 14 m
less than, when it is 30°, find the height of tower. (Use 3 =1.732)
10. The angles of depression of the top and bottom of a 50 m high building from the top of
a tower are 45° and 60° respectively. Find the height of the tower and the horizontal
distance between the tower and the building. (Use 3 =1.732
11. If two towers of height x m and y m subtend angles of 30° and 60°, respectivelyat the center of the line
joining their feet ,then find x:y.
12. A flag-staff stands on the top of a 5m high tower. From a point on the ground, the angle of elevation of
the top of the flag-staff is 600 and from the same point, the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is
450 . Find the height of the flag-staff. (Take √3=1.73)
13. The shadow of a tower standing on a level ground is found to be 40m longer when the sun’s altitude is
300, than when it is 600. Find the height of the tower.
14.The angle of elevation of the top of a hill from the foot of a tower is 60 0 and the angle of elevation of the
top of the tower from the foot of the hill is 300. If the tower is 50m high, find the height of the hill.
15. A statue , 1.6 m tall, stands on the top of a pedestal. From a point on the ground, the angle of elevation of the top of
the statue is 600 and from the same point the angle of the elevation of the top of the pedestal is 450. Find the height
of the pedestal.
16. An aeroplane at an altitude of 200 m observes angles of depression of opposite points on the two banks of the
river to be 45° and 60°, find the width of the river.
17. The angle of elevation of a tower at a point is 45°. After going 45 m towards the foot of the tower, the angle of
elevation of the tower becomes 60°. Find the height of the tower.
C) 4 marks Questions
1. Case Study-1

1. A group of students of class X visited India Gate on an education trip. The teacher and students had
interest in history as well. The teacher narrated that India Gate, official name Delhi Memorial,
originally called All-India War Memorial, monumental sandstone arch in New Delhi, dedicated to the
troops of British India who died in wars fought between 1914 and 1919.The teacher also said that
India Gate, which is located at the eastern end of the Rajpath (formerly called the Kingsway), is about
138 feet (42 metres) in height.

(i) What is the angle of elevation if they are standing at a distance of 42m away from the monument?
(ii) They want to see the tower at an angle of 60 . So, they want to know the distance where they
should stand and hence find the distance
2. Case Study-2
2. Two hoardings are put on two poles of equal heights standing on either side of the road the angle of
elevation of the top of poles are 60 and 30 respectively. Height of eachpole is 20m.
 (a) Find PO (b) Find OR

3. Case Study-3
3. A1.2 m tall girl spots a balloon moving with the wind in a horizontal line at a height 88.2 m from the
ground. The angle of elevation of the balloon from the eyes of the girl at any instant is 600.. After
some time, the angle of elevation reduces to 300.

a) Find distance AB and AC

b) Find the distance travelled by the balloon during the interval.
4. CASE STUDY – 4

4. A Minar is a tower or turret found especially in India. It is the famous monument of tourist
attractions including other places near it. Tourists from all over the world come here every year to
see the beauty of these historical monuments. One day a 1.5m tall boy went for an excursion trip.
He saw a beautiful minar and he asked about the height of the minar from the local guide. The local
guide told him that the height of the minar is 30m approximately. He is standing at some distance
from the minar and observes the angle of elevation from is eyes to the top of the building increases
from α to β as he walks towards it such that sin (α+β) =1 and cos (β-α) = √3/2
i) Find the value of α and β
ii) Find the distance he walked towards the building.

5. Case Study-5
5. Radha is standing at the top of the building observes a car at an angle of 30°, which is approaching
the foot of the building with a uniform speed. 6 seconds later, angle of depression of car formed to
be 60°, whose distance at that instantfrom the building is 25m.

(c) What is the height of the building?

(d) Find BD.

6. Case Study-6
6. Trigonometry in the form of triangulation forms the basis of navigation, whetherit is by land, sea
or air. GPS a radio navigation system helps to locate our position on earth with the help of
satellites.A guard, stationed at the top of a 240m tower, observed an unidentified boat coming
towards it. A clinometer or inclinometer is an instrument used for measuring angles or
slopes(tilt). The guard used the clinometer to measure theangle of depression of the boat
coming towards the lighthouse and found it to be 30°.

(Lighthouse of Mumbai Harbour. Picture credits - Times of India Travel)

i) Make a labelled figure on the basis of the given information and calculate the distance of the boat
from the foot of the observation tower.
ii) After 10 minutes, the guard observed that the boat was approaching the tower and its distance
from tower is reduced by 240(√3 - 1) m. He immediately raised the alarm. What was the new angle
of depression ofthe boat from the top of the observation tower?
7. Case Study-7
7. A lighthouse is a tall tower with light near the top. These are often built on islands, coasts or on cliffs.
Lighthouses on water surface act as a navigational aid to the mariners and send warning to boats and ships
for dangers. Initially wood, coal would be used as illuminators. Gradually it was replaced by candles,
lanterns, electric lights. Nowadays they are run by machines and remote monitoring.
Prongs Reef lighthouse of Mumbai was constructed in 1874-75. It is approximately 40 meters
high and its beam can be seen at a distance of 30 kilometers. A ship and a boat are coming towards the
lighthouse from opposite directions. Angles of depression of flash light from the lighthouse to the boat and
the ship are 300 and 600 respectively.

(i) Which of the two, boat or the ship is nearer to the light house ? Find its distance from the lighthouse?
(ii) Find the time taken by the boat to reach the light house if it is moving at the rate of 2 km per hour.

8. Case Study-8

Clock towers are a specific type of structure which house a turret clock and have one or more clock
faces on the upper exterior walls. Many clock towers are freestanding structures but they can also
adjoin or be located on top of another building. Some other buildings also have clock faces on their
exterior but these structures serve other main functions.
A 1.5 m tall person is standing at a distance of 30√3 m from the clock tower, observes the angle
of elevation of the top of the clock tower to be 30⁰.
a) What is the distance between the viewer’s eye and the top of the clock Tower ?
b) What is the height of the clock tower?