Port Said University Energy Resources

rd
Faculty of Engineering. 3 Year Mechanical Power Eng. Dept.
Mech. Power Eng. Dept. Sheet No. (1) : Introduction

1. Energy resources comparison. Figure 1 provides a comparison of worldwide electricity

generation from various fuel sources in 1973 and 2008. Determine the following:
(a) The energy source ratio of fossil fuel to renewable energy for 1973 and 2008.
(b) Compare and discuss (a) above with respect to total fuel share.

Fig.1 Fuel share of electric generation for 1973 and 2008. (Left): 1973 total, 6,116 TWh;
(Right): 2008 total, 20,181 TWh. (Courtesy of IEA.)

2. Energy consumption comparison. Figure 2 provides a comparison of 1973 and 2008 shares of
world coal consumption. Determine the following:
(a) Compare coal use in 1973 and 2008 for industrial applications.
(b) Explain the possible reasons for the increased use of coal as the energy resource and/or
supply for industrial applications.
(c) What are the possible implications of the increased use of coal?

Figure 2 Comparison of 1973 and 2008 shares of world coal consumption. (Left): Year 1973,
total energy use=621 Mtoe.(Right): For 2008, total energy use = 823 Mtoe. (Courtesy of IEA.)
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Port Said University Energy Resources
rd
Faculty of Engineering. 3 Year Mechanical Power Eng. Dept.
Mech. Power Eng. Dept. Sheet No. (1) : Introduction

3. Energy visualization and Sankey diagram. Based on the Sankey diagram as depicted in Figure
3, which indicates the renewable energy flowchart in terms of demand and supply in the United
Kingdom in 2010:
(a) Determine the percentage of electricity output per total energy input of all renewables.
(b) Determine the percentage contribution of each of the following categories of renewables in
supplying the primary energy:
(i) Landfill gas
(ii) Wastes
(iii) Wind, wave, and tidal
(c) What is the ratio of total energy conversion losses compared to total energy supply from
renewables?
(d) List and discuss briefly how the total energy conversion losses can possibly be minimized.

Figure 3 Renewable energy flowchart 2010 demand and supply in UK. (From UK Department of
Energy & Climate Change).

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Port Said University Energy Resources
rd
Faculty of Engineering. 3 Year Mechanical Power Eng. Dept.
Mech. Power Eng. Dept. Sheet No. (1) : Introduction

4. Figure 4 is a Sankey diagram, together with three-dimensional energy systems, showing the
total energy loss — essentially all the losses from efficiency losses in conventional power plants
to the losses from our building. Construct a Sankey diagram and discuss the energy applications
of one industry.

Figure 4 Total energy loss — from efficiency losses in conventional power plants to building
losses.