Professional Documents
Culture Documents
and Immersion
Quarter 3 – Module 2:
Identifying the Problem and Asking
the Questions
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 2: Identifying the Problem and Asking the Questions
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
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office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.
Team Leaders:
School Head : Marlene G. Lulu
LRMDS Coordinator : Jaycee B. Barcelona
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
In the previous module, you have learned that choosing a research topic
needs a lot of consideration and thinking. Not only that research should be
focused and well-defined, but it should also be well-timed and contributive to
a field or discipline. In accordance to the guidelines and steps discussed, you
were able to determine your topic to be investigated. Now that you have a
research problem in mind, this module will harness you on how to write the
basic parts of a research paper.
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What I Know
This part…
1. serves as the plan or the blueprint of the study.
2. includes definitions of words operationally used in the study.
3. serves as an overview of the research topic under investigation.
4. sets the parameters of the study which narrow down the scope of inquiry.
5. states the concrete terms that a researcher expects to happen in the
study.
6. cites the benefits certain groups of persons will get from the outcome of
the study.
7. clearly expresses the specific direction or focus of the research problem
or inquiry.
8. elaborates the origin of the research problem which led to the conduct of
the study.
9. covers the general statement of the problem as well as the specific
research questions to be answered in the study.
10. gives the concepts to be covered in the study as well as its boundaries in
terms of the respondents/participants, sampling technique, locale and
the research methods to be used.
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Lesson
Identifying the Problem and
1 Asking the Questions
Starting a research investigation is similar to embarking on a journey. First,
you have to project a clear picture of your destination. You have already
accomplished this initial step as you have trimmed down your area of interest
into a specific research problem in the previous module. The next step is to
strategize how to arrive at the destination.
One way to strategize is to pinpoint all the factors and considerations that
may affect the route towards your goal. This module discusses these
contributing elements which will also serve as the bedrock of your study.
What’s In
For example:
Proposed
Solution
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Notes to the Teacher
This module will help the learners to understand the initial parts of a research
paper. For a better understanding of each part, research samples are given
which will also enable them to write the parts accordingly.
What’s New
Read the given research scenario carefully and answer the questions that
follow. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers on your
notebook.
A group of student-researchers from Jose C. Payumo Jr. Memorial High School intends to
conduct a study on the effectiveness of the Tobacco Free Generation (TFG) program in
Dinalupihan, Bataan. Medical doctors, nurses and volunteers in Singapore started the said
program in 2016 and was adopted by Bataan in the same year. TFG founder, Dr. Koong
Heng Nung, considered Bataan as the first province in the Philippines to adopt this
campaign. According to Koong (2018), TFG aims to educate and encourage the youths to
be part of the tobacco free generation.
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2. What is the objective of the study in the given selection?
A. to uncover the history of the TFG program
B. to measure the effectiveness of the TFG policies
C. to identify the effects of the TFG to the community
D. to solicit the experiences of smokers and non-smokers
3. Who do you think should be the respondents of the study?
A. residents of Dinalupihan
B. medical doctors and nurses
C. founder of the TFG program
D. All of the above.
4. Who do you think will benefit from this study?
A. community
B. local government
C. future researchers
D. All of the above.
5. Why do you think there is a need to conduct this study?
A. to gauge the status of the program
B. to see whether the program needs revision
C. to measure the compliance level of the residents
D. All of the above.
What is It
Now that you have clearly formulated a research problem, the next step is to
accomplish the baseline of your research paper. You must explain the context
of your study by giving its background. This may aid you in identifying your
specific questions for your statement of the problem as well as your
hypothesis. There is also a need to list down the beneficiaries of your
research which will be presented in the significance of the study. You must
also set the boundaries of your study by writing your scope and
delimitation. A definition of terms must also be furnished to facilitate
understanding of your study. These parts are discussed as follows:
Prior to writing and reading various literature and studies, making an outline
is a helpful tip to facilitate the process. Here is an example of an outline of the
background of the study:
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Example of a Background of the Study
or world perspective.
focused on termites, termites cause less than 75-80% of
damage economically due to home, wood and crop infestation
in North America. He stated that the reason is that termites
are drawn to their food source and that makes them drawn to
any type of wood like timber, logs, firewood and other wood
A condition related to the
topic or focus of the study
Factors contributing to
the focus of the study
As described by Dukar (2012), intoxicating yam is a
twining vine, arising from tuberous roots, and reaching a
length of several meters. Juice of underground stems reported
to possess narcotic properties. It is found in the Himalayas,
from Nepal to Sikkim, at altitudes up to 1500m, and also in
the tropics of Asia from South India to Taiwan, Philippines,
New Guinea.
Mat (2013) conducted a study regarding Dioscorea
hispida Dennst which is the Malaysian term for “yam.” In their
previous ethnobotanical survey carried out on the Malay
villagers in Pulau Redang, Kuala Terengganu district of
Terengganu, it was found out that Dioscorea hispida tuber is
used as food, traditional medicines to treat diabetes and
shingle infestation, for de-worming as well as fish poison. On
the other hand, the villagers of Sainnamari and Thanarbaid,
Tangail, Bangladesh had used the poisonous tuber paste of
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Dioscorea as poison in hunting.
While in the Philippines, Nami or intoxicating yam was investigated to have some
Current condition in the
Technology (DOST), they had proven that this species of yam has various chemical
compositions that may negatively affect some various insects. Moreover, the seed
also has some poison mimicking cyanide intoxication.
the study
Source: Ceejay S. Mallari, et al, “Nami Plant Extract as Termite Repellent” paper
presented at Jose C. Payumo Jr. Memorial High School, 2020.
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Guidelines in formulating specific question or sub-questions:
4. Qualitative research uses exploratory and non-directional verbs. The study will: discover
(grounded theory); seek to understand (ethnography); explore the process of (case study);
describe the experiences of (phenomenology); report the stories (narrative research).
6. Expect research questions to evolve and change during the study in a manner consistent
with the assumptions of the emerging design.
8. Specify the participants and the research site of the study, if the information is not yet given.
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Example of Specific Research Questions
What external factors in the enabling environment influence the family business
perpetuity in terms of political, economic, social, technological, environmental
and legal?
What internal factors in the enabling environment influence the family business
perpetuity in terms of succession, planning, family stability, stewardship,
family constitution, innovation, flexibility, philosophy of commitment,
productivity-based management, governancepower,andprofessional
education?
3. What causal model best explains the perpetuity of family-owned business using the interplay
and external factors?
Source: Alaine Marc Goles, “Perpetuity of family-owned business in the Philippines: A causal
model” Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Sto. Tomas, 2016.
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Example of a Null Hypothesis: Example of an Alternative Hypothesis:
Note that not all studies test hypothesis. Sometimes a study is designed to
be exploratory. Exploratory research intends to investigate a problem that
is not clearly defined; hence will not provide conclusive results.
To the students, this will provide them knowledge about the forms of bullying
and how to deal with it once encountered.
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To the school administrators, the result of this study may provide
information and may serve as a basis to encourage them to make
regulations about the problem. In addition, this may lead them to assuring
the full and strong implementation of the existing policies on bullying.
To the teachers, the findings of this study may help them to spread
awareness on how destructive verbal bullying can be. Constant guidance
from the teachers can also be an upshot of this study. Moreover, teachers
may conceptualize activities or other solutions to create a positive and
friendly atmosphere inside their classrooms.
To the parents, this study may inform them on the possible negative
circumstances like bullying that may happen to their children. As an effect,
this may encourage them to guide their children properly.
To the future researchers, this study will serve as a basis for related topics.
A continuation of this study may be done to fill in the gaps of this research
that may result to proactive solutions to counter any form of bullying.
Source: Jocelyn C. Gambas, et. al, “Effects of Verbal Bullying to the Academic
Performance of Grade 9 Students in Jose C. Payumo Jr. Memorial High School,
School Year 2019 – 2020” paper presented at Jose C. Payumo Jr. Memorial High
School, 2020.
E. Scope and Delimitations of the Study states the coverage of the study. It
must answer the following parameters as much as possible:
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Example of Scope and Delimitation of the Study
Title of the Study: An Assessment on the Impact of Farm-to-Market Road
Projects in Pola, Oriental Mindoro
WHAT AND WHY The study was concerned with (1) the impact of the
constructed INFRES Farm-to-Market Road Project on the respondents; and
(2) the relationship between construction of roads and its impact, only in
terms of the answered Household Survey Questionnaire and perception of
respondents and key officials. The condition of the respondents was to be
described also in terms of their demographic profile and other indicators
included in the Impact Assessment Household Survey Questionnaire.
HOW The study included an evaluation of the economic and social aspect of
the beneficiaries before and after the INFRES farm-to-market road project,
as well as of the respondents’ demographic profile, income and
employment, improved access, and perceived benefits after the INFRES
road was constructed. Key Informant Interview was also used to gather
data, especially unanswered items in the survey.
Source: Raynaldo Quitos, “An Assessment of Farm-to-Market Road Projects in Pola,
Oriental Mindoro” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of Sto. Tomas, 2013.
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Step by Step Guide on How to Write the Conceptual Framework
Home • relationship
Life
• finance
Outcomes
• learning process
of COVID- School
• quality of learning
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• economic aspect
Community
• social interaction
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G. Definition of Terms lists down and defines the key terms as used in the
study in alphabetical order. An operational definition refers to a specific
definition of concept in a research study. This is necessary because it will
clarify the purpose and direction of the study.
Conversion. It is the process wherein the word’s function has been transformed
into another but with no overt change in form.
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What’s More
Formulate a null and an alternative hypothesis for each of the following. Write
your answers on your notebook. (5 points each)
Null:
Taking aspirins daily does not affect heart attack risk. or
There is no significant relationship between taking aspirins daily and
heart attack risk.
Alternative:
Taking aspirins does affect heart attack risk. or
There is a significant relationship between taking aspirins daily and
heart attack risk.
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What I Have Learned
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What I Can Do
Accomplish the tasks below by following the instructions carefully. Base your
answers on your chosen research problem in the previous module. Write your
answers on your notebook.
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B. Significance of the Study (5 points)
Write the title of your chosen study from the previous module.
Afterwards, identify at least four beneficiaries of your research and specify
the benefits they can get. Write your answers on your notebook.
BENEFITS
Beneficiary 1:
Beneficiary 2:
Beneficiary 3:
Beneficiary 4:
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2. Why should your study be
conducted? State the objective.
Assessment
A. Read the statements carefully and choose the letter of the best answer.
Write your answers on your notebook.
4. This provides context to the information that you are discussing in your
paper. It introduces your readers to the topic of your research.
a. background of the study c. statement of the problem
b. definition of terms d. hypothesis
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5. This part explains the extent to which the research area will be explored
in the work and specifies the parameters within which the study will be
operating.
a. significance of the study c. statement of the problem
b. definition of terms d. scope and delimitation
Research Title:
Research Question 1:
2:
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Additional Activities
Choose only one from the local, national and international issue that you
have written in What’s In. Using this, formulate a statement of the problem.
Write your answers on your notebook. (15 points)
Issue
1.
2.
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Rubric for What’s In
5 3 1
Criteria/ Excellent/ Satisfactory Needs
Indicators Outstandin Improvemen
g t
Relevance and The problem is The problem is The problem is
Timeliness of the very timely and timely and untimely and
Problem relevant relevant irrelevant
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Rubric for Assessment (B)
5 3 1
Criteria/ Excellent/ Satisfactory Needs
Indicators Outstandin Improvemen
g t
Appropriateness The elements The elements are The elements are
of elements are exactly appropriate to inappropriate to
appropriate to what is being what is being
what is being asked with few asked with many
asked misplaced details misplaced details
Specificity of The elements The elements The elements
elements clarify the point slightly clarify the make the point of
of the inquiry of point of the the inquiry of the
the research inquiry of the research vague
research and broad
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References
Baraceo, Esther L. Practical Research 1. Manila, Philippines: Rex Book
Store, 2016.
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Prieto, Nelia F., Naval, Victoria C., and Carey, Teresita G. Practical
Research 2 for Senior High School. Metro Manila, Philippines:
Lorimar Publishing, Inc, 2017.
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