Inquiries, Investigations

and Immersion
Quarter 3 – Module 5 :
Synthesizing Review of Related
Literature
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course.

This is comprised of two different lessons that are congruent to one another. These
are the following:

At the end of the lessons, you are expected to:

1. evaluate the information cited on your RRL;

2. identify the gaps, themes, and ideas conveyed by the sources on your RRL;
and
3. write down the synthesis of your Review of Related Literature.

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 What I Know

Write T if the statement is True and F if otherwise. Write your answers on your
notebook.

1. Synthesis is a combination of different ideas to form a new whole.

2. A synthesis of a research paper is about concisely summarizing and linking

different sources to get the idea of the literature review.

3. Synthesizing the collection of sources gathered in the research paper is not

essential in conducting research.

4. Synthesis and analysis usually go together when you are synthesizing your
Review of Related Literature.

5. Synthesis determines the question, “Which sources overlap or share the same
opinion/findings?”

6. A synthesis answers the question, “Have the researcher found any common
traits or themes in the research literature?”

7. Synthesizing Review of Related Literature should not just tell us what the
research tells us but should also identify what the research does not tell us.

8. Synthesis draws conclusion about the findings in the literature so that you
can identify how the literature addresses your research question.

9. In the process of synthesizing the literature review of the researcher, “the new
whole” are the findings that the researcher gathered and read.

10.The conclusion that the researcher draw from the gathered findings of the
researcher is called the “new whole”.

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 Lesson Synthesizing Review of
1 Related Literature

As a researcher and a writer of an academic paper, it is just right to know the proper
way of synthesizing findings coming from sources that researchers will put on their
manuscript.

What’s In

A researcher’s manuscript contains body of knowledge that came from different

reputable, reliable, and factual sources of information. The researcher is also
responsible in scrutinizing every angle of information on it whether how will it answer
the research questions available on her manuscript.

Using the crossword puzzle, find out the ten references that a researcher may use in
citing sources. Write your answer on your notebook.

N E W S P A P E R Q D E A

A N T J O U R N A L C F Z

B C M H U V E F P A B G Y

C Y L N E W D G O W A H X

D C K O T S C H N S Z I W

E L J P S X I I M R Y J V

B O O K S Y B S L S X K U

F P A A M E N D M E N T S

M E M O R A N D U M S L T

G D I Q R Z A J K T W M R

D I S S E R T A T I O N Q

H A R T I C L E S U V O P

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 What’s New

Read carefully the given citations used by the researcher on her study entitled The
Online Distance Learning: Its Impact to Students Performance.
According to Panigrahi et.al. (2018) proposed that the integration of virtual
communities to online learning platforms may cause a better outcome and
engagement. Also, Picciano (2002) found out in his study that the success of
many online course is dependent upon the nature of student to student and
student to faculty interaction. Moreover, in the study of Salamat et.al. (2018)
they highlighted that e-learning provides time flexibility to the students and it
motivates students to do their work without the help of others. Furthermore,
through their study they have found out that the students feel more comfortable
when they are using the internet. Salamat et.al (2018) concluded the e-learning
system in education is effective for students.
Source: Herrera, M.G. (2021). Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion-Q3-M4-Citation
of Review of Related Literature. Department of Education. Philippines.
1. Did the researcher use the American Psychological Association (APA) citation
style? Prove your answer in two (2) to three(3) sentences. (5pts)
2. What do you think are the commonalities and differences of the information
that the researcher mentioned above? (5pts)

What is It

As the researcher progresses on the paper that she writes, it is just right that she
must conduct a synthesis of RRL for her to be able to identify the strength and
weaknesses of each of the sources that she has cite on her manuscript. Most of the
student-researcher nowadays takes a hard time to scholarly synthesize an
information.

Let us discuss in a comprehensible way on how you will synthesize all the
information that you have on your Review of Related Literature.

Synthesizing an RRL must demonstrate a critical analysis of the papers or sources

that the researcher collected, as well as, it must show the ability of the researcher to
integrate the results of her analysis on Chapter II. A synthesis must also be evaluated
and weighed critically. Moreover, it is an advanced reading technique or skill that
requires critical analysis, creativity, and insightful mind of a researcher. It also
contrasts and combines information and ideas from the gathered sources of the
researcher. It also gives an integration of information from different sources to
highlight important points of connection and relatedness, to address similarities and

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differences and draw conclusion. Synthesizing a collection of RRL combines parts
and elements from a variety of sources into one unified and integrated entity.

How to synthesize a review of Related Literature?

In a person’s daily routine, they always experience synthesizing information from

different sources, such as from the stories you have heard from a new source and
discussions about the same topic with others.

Below are the steps on how to synthesize a Review of Related Literature.

1. Digest the material and understand the content of the sources.

In this process, you have to determine and identify similarities among the articles by
group in terms of concepts, patterns, and relationship. You may ask these questions
within yourself.

-Did the author used similar conceptual and theoretical framework, sample
participants, methodologies, or instruments and procedures to collect data?

-How and in what way are the findings similar?

-Are there any studies that served as an extension of another study?

Remember you should be noting not only the articles that are similar but how they
are similar.

2. Review and critically analyze the sources.

This second step may determine the differences and contradictions among the
articles by group. You can ask these questions to yourself.

-Did the authors used different conceptual and theoretical framework, sample
participants, methodologies, or instruments and procedures to collect data?

-How and in what ways are the findings different and contradictory?

3. Synthesize the content of the information that you have gathered.

It means going beyond your critique to determine the relationships or patterns among
sources, identifying then comparing and contrasting common concepts or themes.

This step determines general observations and conclusions about each topic given
the relationship inferred from the group of articles within each topic. It also
determines the existence of any reoccurring concepts, relationships, patterns, or
themes and if any of these are in need of further inquiry.

For instance, on your three different sources you have found out different themes
such as theme A, theme B, and theme C. You might compare and contrast things on
those three themes that emerged on your sources. Consequently, it may also happen
that there is one seminal study done that all other researchers expanded upon. If
you will to ask if there are overall themes that are used in a review of related
literature, the answer is whatever the theme or pattern appeared on your information
gathered, try to infer beyond what was indicated on your collection of sources. In order
for you to have a well-developed synthesis of your study, one must use their ability

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of having the “higher ordered thinking skills”. Through your HOTS you will be able
to write objectively and constructively. Also, you can provide ideas clearly, logically
organized, and focused writing.

Note: A key element to make a good synthesis of review of related literature is the
integration, which is about making connections between and among ideas and
concepts. It is about applying what you have researching within a larger framework,
thereby providing you a new way of looking onto a phenomenon.

Here is a diagram which will help you synthesize and analyze your literature
review.

What is the
background of
the researcher’s
participant?.

-accessibility on Purpose Method Results

the internet

To address the Online literature Using m-

Panigrahi attrition issue review learning apps
et.al. (2018) and increase the and use of cloud
learning outcome services.

To examine Data of Measures of A strong positive

Picciano performance in an interaction and relationship between
online course in
(2002) relationship to
presence and
measures of
students perception
of their interaction in
student’s interaction.
performance the course

Example of Synthesis of Review of Related Literature

The studies mentioned above, focussed on finding out the connection of students
performance while students were engaged in an online class. They further noted that
while a student has an access to education using online media, it may gleaned that a
student can perform well on his academics. In addition, both of the studies above
shown that there is really an impact between students’ performance and online
distance learning.

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 What’s More

Classify the given statements about synthesizing literature using the table below.
Write your answers on your notebook.

1. It must compare and contrast each of the contents of the information that the
researcher puts on her Review of Related Literature subject.
2. It must just provide a copy and paste material of the source.
3. It must demonstrate a profound explanation of the researcher’s collection of
gathered information
4. A synthesis is a mere statement of “All of the three aforementioned paragraphs
are a good research paper”.
5. A synthesis of the review of related literature must develop the higher order
thinking skills of the researcher.
What makes a well-developed synthesis? What didn’t help to make a well-developed
synthesis?

What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks with the word that will best fit in the sentence. Write your answers
on your notebook.

Synthesizing an RRL demonstrates a (1) of the papers or sources that the

researcher collected, as well as, it must show the ability of the researcher to (2) the
results of her analysis on her Chapter II. A (3) must also evaluated and weighed
critically. Moreover, it is an advanced reading technique or skill that requires critical
analysis, (4) , and (5) mind of a researcher. It also (6) and (7)
information and ideas from the gathered sources of the researcher. It also gives an
(8) of information from different sources to highlight important (9) and
(10) , to address similarities and differences and draw conclusion. Synthesizing a
collection of RRL combines parts and elements from a variety of sources into one unified
and integrated entity.

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 What I Can Do

Using your Research Working Title from your previous modules, fill in the given chart
below. Copy and answer this activity on your notebook.

Write here Purpose Method Results

your research
question #1.

Write here your What was the What methodology What was the
intention of the was used? proposed solution of
source #1. author of the source? the source?

Write here your What was the What methodology What was the
intention of the was used? proposed solution of
source #2. author of the source? the source?

Write here your What was the What methodology What was the
intention of the proposed solution of
source #3. was used?
author of the source? the source?

Reflective Question:
From the three sources that you have cited and written in the chart above, create
your synthesis of review of related literature. Write your answers on your notebook.

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 Assessment

Write T if the statement is true and F if otherwise. Write your answers on your
notebook.

1. A synthesis tries to determine the connection of the researcher’s review of

related literature.
2. Integration of parts of the researcher’s information gathered into a whole new
idea is a characteristic of synthesis of RRL.
3. Synthesis is a combination of different ideas to form a new whole.
4. In synthesizing a collection of ideas, the researcher must identify the
methodology used, participants, and instruments used in the study of another
researcher.
5. A synthesis of a research paper is about concisely summarizing and linking
different sources to get the idea of the literature review.
6. Synthesizing the collection of sources gathered in the research paper is not
essential in conducting research.
7. Synthesis and analysis usually goes together when you are synthesizing your
Review of Related Literature.
8. Synthesis determines the question, “Which sources overlap or share the same
opinion/findings?”
9. A synthesis answers the question, “Have the researcher found any common
traits or themes in the research literature?”
10. Synthesizing Review of Related Literature should not just tell us what the
research tells us but should also identify what the research does not tell us.

Additional Activities

With your Research Working Title, synthesize your review of related literature.
Write your synthesis on your notebook.

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Rubrics for the What I Can Do and Additional Activity Part

Excellent Good Fair Poor

(8-10) (5-7) (3-4) (1-2)
Balanced viewpoint
(Objective, balanced view point
from various perspective)
Coherent Theme
(Each cited studies are related to
the study and to other studies)
Depth and Breadth of Research
(Variety of study and attention to
detail about the topic)
Analysis
(Collection of studies analyzed for
differences and commonalities
about the topic)
Balanced viewpoint
(Objective, balanced view point
from various perspective)
Conclusion and Synthesis
(Information synthesized and
brought to the logical conclusion)
Organization and Alignment
(Information are logically
organized with good flow. Issues
are threaded throughout the
paper)
Mechanics
(Correct spelling, punctuation,
sentence structure, word usage)
APA
(Correct use of APA in the body of
the study)
References
(References correctly typed,
appropriate number and quality)
Source: Hadley,K. (n.d). Literature review rubric. Retrieved from
https://faculty.weber.edu/kristinhadley/med6000/Literature%20Review%20
Rubric.pdf

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Answer Key

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