Inquiries,

Investigations a n d
Immersion
Quarter 3 – Module 5 :
S y n th esizin g R e v i e w o f
Related
Literature
Write T if the statement is True and F if otherwise. Write your answers on your notebook.
1. Synthesis is a combination of different ideas to form a new whole.
2. A synthesis of a research paper is about concisely summarizing and linking
different sources to get the idea of the literature review.
3. Synthesizing the collection of sources gathered in the research paper is not
essential in conducting research.
4. Synthesis and analysis usually go together when you are synthesizing your
Review of Related Literature.
5. Synthesis determines the question, “Which sources overlap or share the same
opinion/findings?”
6. A synthesis answers the question, “Have the researcher found any common
traits or themes in the research literature?”

7. Synthesizing Review of Related Literature should not just tell us what the
research tells us but should also identify what the research does not tell us.

8. Synthesis draws conclusion about the findings in the literature so that you
can identify how the literature addresses your research question.

9. In the process of synthesizing the literature review of the researcher, “the new
whole” are the findings that the researcher gathered and read.

10.The conclusion that the researcher draw from the gathered findings of the
researcher is called the “new whole”.
Synthesizing Review of Related Literature
As a researcher and a writer of an academic paper, it is just right to know the proper way of synthesizing findings coming from
sources that researchers will put on their manuscript.

A researcher’s manuscript contains body of knowledge that came from different reputable, reliable, and factual sources of
information. The researcher is also responsible in scrutinizing every angle of information on it whether how will it answer the
research questions available on her manuscript.
Using the crossword puzzle, find out the ten references that a researcher may use in citing sources. Write your
answer on your notebook .
N E W S P A P E R Q D E A
A N T J O U R N A L C F Z
B C M H U V E F P A B G Y
C Y L N E W D G O W A H X
D C K O T S C H N S Z I W
E L J P S X I I M R Y J V
B O O K S Y B S L S X K U
F P A A M E N D M E N T S
M E M O R A N D U M S L T
G D I Q R Z A J K T W M R
D I S S E R T A T I O N Q
H A R T I C L E S U V O P
 Read carefully the given citations used by the researcher on her
study entitled The Online Distance Learning: Its Impact to
Students Performance.
According to Panigrahi et.al. (2018) proposed that the integration of virtual
communities to online learning platforms may cause a better outcome and
engagement. Also, Picciano (2002) found out in his study that the success
of many online course is dependent upon the nature of student to student
and student to faculty interaction. Moreover, in the study of Salamat et.al.
(2018) they highlighted that e-learning provides time flexibility to the
students and it motivates students to do their work without the help of
others. Furthermore, through their study they have found out that the
students feel more comfortable when they are using the internet. Salamat
et.al (2018) concluded the e-learning system in education is effective for
students.
1. Did the researcher use the American Psychological Association (APA)
citation style? Prove your answer in two (2) to three(3) sentences. (5pts)
2. What do you think are the commonalities and differences of the information
that the researcher mentioned above? (5pts)
As the researcher progresses on the paper that she writes, it
is just right that she must conduct a synthesis of RRL for her
to be able to identify the strength and weaknesses of each of
the sources that she has cite on her manuscript. Most of the
student-researcher nowadays takes a hard time to scholarly
synthesize an information.
Let us discuss in a comprehensible way on how you will
synthesize all the information that you have on your Review
of Related Literature.
Synthesizing an RRL must demonstrate a critical analysis of the
papers or sources that the researcher collected, as well as, it
must show the ability of the researcher to integrate the results
of her analysis on Chapter II. A synthesis must also be evaluated
and weighed critically. Moreover, it is an advanced reading
technique or skill that requires critical analysis, creativity, and
insightful mind of a researcher. It also contrasts and combines
information and ideas from the gathered sources of the
researcher. It also gives an integration of information from
different sources to highlight important points of connection and
relatedness, to address similarities and differences and draw
conclusion. Synthesizing a collection of RRL combines parts and
elements from a variety of sources into one unified and
integrated entity.
 How to synthesize a review of
Related Literature?
 In a person’s daily routine, they always experience synthesizing information from
different sources, such as from the stories you have heard from a new source and
discussions about the same topic with others.
Below are the steps on how to synthesize a Review of Related Literature.
1. Digest the material and understand the content of the sources.
 In this process, you have to determine and identify similarities among the articles by
group in terms of concepts, patterns, and relationship. You may ask these questions
within yourself.
 -Did the author used similar conceptual and theoretical framework, sample participants,
methodologies, or instruments and procedures to collect data?
 -How and in what way are the findings similar?
 -Are there any studies that served as an extension of another study?
 Remember you should be noting not only the articles that are similar but how they are
similar.
2. Review and critically analyze
the sources.
 This second step may determine the differences and
contradictions among the articles by group. You
can ask these questions to yourself.
 -Did the authors used different conceptual and
theoretical framework, sample participants,
methodologies, or instruments and procedures to
collect data?
 -How and in what ways are the findings different
and contradictory?
 3. Synthesize the content of the
information that you have gathered.
 It means going beyond your critique to determine the relationships or patterns among sources,
identifying then comparing and contrasting common concepts or themes.
 This step determines general observations and conclusions about each topic given the
relationship inferred from the group of articles within each topic. It also determines the
existence of any reoccurring concepts, relationships, patterns, or themes and if any of these are
in need of further inquiry.
 For instance, on your three different sources you have found out different themes such as
theme A, theme B, and theme C. You might compare and contrast things on those three themes
that emerged on your sources. Consequently, it may also happen that there is one seminal
study done that all other researchers expanded upon. If you will to ask if there are overall
themes that are used in a review of related literature, the answer is whatever the theme or
pattern appeared on your information gathered, try to infer beyond what was indicated on your
collection of sources. In order for you to have a well-developed synthesis of your study, one must
use their ability of having the “higher ordered thinking skills”. Through your HOTS you will be
able to write objectively and constructively. Also, you can provide ideas clearly, logically
organized, and focused writing.
 Note: A key element to make a good
synthesis of review of related literature is
the integration, which is about making
connections between and among ideas and
concepts. It is about applying what you
have researching within a larger framework,
thereby providing you a new way of looking
onto a phenomenon.
Here is a
diagram
which will
help you
synthesize
and
analyze
your
literature
review.
Example of Synthesis of Review of
Related Literature
 The studies mentioned above, focussed on finding out
the connection of students performance while
students were engaged in an online class. They
further noted that while a student has an access to
education using online media, it may gleaned that a
student can perform well on his academics. In
addition, both of the studies above shown that there
is really an impact between students’ performance
and online distance learning.
Classify the given statements about
synthesizing literature using the table below.
Write your answers on your notebook.
 1. It must compare and contrast each of the contents of the
information that the researcher puts on her Review of
Related Literature subject.
 2. It must just provide a copy and paste material of the
source.
 3. It must demonstrate a profound explanation of the
researcher’s collection of gathered information
 4. A synthesis is a mere statement of “All of the three
aforementioned paragraphs are a good research paper”.
 5. A synthesis of the review of related literature must
develop the higher order thinking skills of the researcher.
What makes a well-developed What didn’t help to make a
synthesis? well-developed synthesis?
 Fill in the blanks with the word that will best fit in the sentence. Write
your answers on your notebook.

Synthesizing an RRL demonstrates a (1)_______ of the papers or

sources that the researcher collected, as well as, it must show the
ability of the researcher to (2)_____ the results of her analysis on
her Chapter II. A (3)________ must also evaluated and weighed
critically. Moreover, it is an advanced reading technique or skill
that requires critical analysis, (4)_____, and (5)______ mind of a
researcher. It also (6)_____ and (7)_____ information and ideas
from the gathered sources of the researcher. It also gives an
(8)______ of information from different sources to highlight
important (9)______ and (10)________, to address similarities and
differences and draw conclusion. Synthesizing a collection of RRL
combines parts and elements from a variety of sources into one
unified and integrated entity.
Using your Research Working Title from your previous
modules, fill in the given chart below. Copy and answer this
activity on your notebook.
Reflective Question:
From the three sources that you have cited and written in
the chart above, create your synthesis of review of related
literature. Write your answers on your notebook.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Write T if the statement is true and F if otherwise. Write your
answers on your notebook.
1. A synthesis tries to determine the connection of the researcher’s
review of related literature.
2. Integration of parts of the researcher’s information gathered into
a whole new idea is a characteristic of synthesis of RRL.
3. Synthesis is a combination of different ideas to form a new
whole.
4. In synthesizing a collection of ideas, the researcher must identify
the methodology used, participants, and instruments used in the
study of another researcher.
5. A synthesis of a research paper is about concisely summarizing
and linking different sources to get the idea of the literature review.
6. Synthesizing the collection of sources gathered in the
research paper is not essential in conducting research.
7. Synthesis and analysis usually goes together when you are
synthesizing your Review of Related Literature.
8. Synthesis determines the question, “Which sources overlap
or share the same opinion/findings?”
9. A synthesis answers the question, “Have the researcher
found any common traits or themes in the research
literature?”
10. Synthesizing Review of Related Literature should not just
tell us what the research tells us but should also identify what
the research does not tell us.
 Answer Key

researcher. the of skills thinking order higher

the develop must literature related of review
the of synthesis A

paper”. chresear information gathered of collection

good a are paragraph aforementioned three researcher’s the
of explanation
T 10. the of “All of statement mere a is synthesis A profound a demonstrate must It
T 9.
T 8. subject. Literature Related of Review
T 7. her on puts researcher the that
F 6. source. the of information the of contents the of
T 5. material paste and copy a provide just must It each contrast and compare must It
T 4. RRL? of synthesis RRL? of synthesis
T 3. developed-well a make didn’t What developed-well a makes What
T 2.
T 1. More What's
Assessment

latednessre 10.
connection
of Points 9.
Information 8. Articles 10. T 10.
Combines 7. Dissertation T
Contrasts 6. 9. 9.
Insightful 5. Thesis T
Creativity 4. 8. 8.
Synthesis 3. Laws T
Integrate 2. 7. 7.
Critical 1. Memorandum 6. T
Learned Have I What Amendments 5. 6.
Books T
4. 5.
Encyclopedia 3. T
Journals 4.
2. F
Newspaper 1. 3.
In ‘s What T
2.
T
1.
Know I What

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 Re f e re nc e s
Herrera,M.G.(2021). Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion-QIII-M IV- Citation of
Review of Related Literature. Department of Education. Philippines.

La Jolla, G. (2021). W h a t types of references are appropriate?. Depart ment of

Psychology. Regents of University of California.

Taylor, C. (n.d.). W h at is synthesis?. University of Manitoba. Retrieved f rom January

29,2021.https://umanitoba.ca/faculties/nursing/students/ What_is_synthesi
s . p df

S A G E Publications (2019). Developing and Presenting Your Literature Review. S A G E

Publication, p. 157-160.

Panigrahi, R.,Srivastava, S.R., S ha r ma , D. (2018). Online learning: adaptation,

continuance, a nd learning outcome. International Journal of
Information
43,1-14.doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.05.005

Picciano, A.G. (2002). Beyond students’ perception: issues of interaction,

presence
and performance in an online course. Journal of Asynchronous
Learning Networks, 6(1),33.doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2006.11.007
Salamat, L., Ahmad,G., Bakht,I., & Saifi,I.L. (2018). Effects of e-learning o n students’
academic learning at university level. Asian Innovative Journal of Social Sciences
Hadley,K. (n.d). 2(2),1-12.
and Humanities, Literature review rubric. Retrieved from
https://faculty.weber.edu/ k r i s t i n h a d l e y / m e d 6 0 0 0 / L i t e r a t u re % 2 0 R e v i e w % 2 0
Rubric.pdf

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph

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