Inquiries,

Investigations and
Immersion
Citation of Review of Related
Literature
Read each question carefully and choose the correct letter of the best answer.
Write your answers on your notebook.
1. If the researcher failed to cite the source of the information he/she have put
on her manuscript, the researcher will be charged of ______.
a. Citation c.
Ethical Considerations
b. Referencing d.
Plagiarism
2. In the field of education, business, and communication, what citation style
will they use?
a. Modern Language Association c. Chicago Style
b. American Psychological Association d. Turabian Style
3. This is where the researcher tells to her target readers that the information
that are in his manuscript came from another author or another source.
a. Citation c.
Ethical Considerations
b. Referencing d.
Plagiarism
4. What citation style can we use if we belong in the field of Humanities?
a. Modern Language Association c. Chicago Style
b. American Psychological Association d. Turabian Style
Definition, Importance, and Styles of
Citation
 Definition, Importance, and Styles of Citation

As a researcher, everyone is responsible in taking into

consideration different aspects of crafting her academic paper. A
student-researcher must take into mind that ethical
considerations must be done in order to avoid plagiarism.
Plagiarism is unethical practice of using words or ideas (either
planned and accidental) of another author/ researcher or your
own previous works without proper acknowledgement.
This lesson will help you avoid the so called plagiarism. Below
are the activities and discussions that will enable you to develop
your citation and referencing skills while dealing with your
academic paper.
Using the puzzle, find out the answer on each item. Write your answers on your notebook.
1. This pertains to the reliability and correctness of information used by the researcher.
2. It refers to the facts that are applied by the researcher that are not influenced by personal beliefs or
feelings.
3. This is the extent of a reference material used by the researcher which meet the needs and depth of
the research topic.
4. It is the degree to which the information gathered by the researcher is useful or related to one
another.
5. This refers to the process of putting together all the materials from different sources into an
integrated whole. A C C U R A C Y U R S W
B N U M A G O A A C O A
S O B J E C T I V I T Y
S Y N T H E S I S A R T
T V R E L E V A N C E C
R E E R S Y N T H E Y H
A Y N L Y C W H T M A E
C O V E R A G E G O Q R
What is citation?
A citation are set of rules on how to cite sources in an
academic writing. Whenever you refer to someone else’s work, a
citation is required in order to avoid plagiarism (Swaen,2015). In
addition, citation is referred to as, the way you tell your readers
that a certain material in your work came from another source. It
will give the readers the information necessary to find that source
again (Turnitin, 2017).
As you are writing your study’s review of related literature chapter,
it is just and right to give credits to the original author/authors in
order for you to avoid plagiarism.
Below are the other reasons that you need to bear in
mind while crafting and completing your Chapter II.
The Importance of Citation
1. It is helpful for anyone who wants to find out more
about your ideas and where they came from.
2. Citing sources shows the amount of research you’ve
done.
3. Citing sources strengthens your work by lending
outside support to your ideas.
4. It is a basis of authenticity of one’s study.
5. It ensures the ethical and academic honesty of
someone’s work.
6. It reveals the sources of information and knowledge.
7. It served as a legal basis in crafting the body of your
study.
 Those are some of the importance of citing sources while you are working and crafting
your Review of Related Literature Chapter.

Moreover, as a student-researcher develops his/her

Remember! capacity in choosing relevant Review of Related
A simple mention of
other’s work, or Literature (RRL), it is right for them to know the
even a part of their different styles of citing sources.
work may be
paraphrased or may Below are the different styles of citation in a research
directly copied on paper that are commonly used for citing sources on
the body of your
academic paper is
your Review of Related Literature.
very important. Styles of Citation used in an Academic Paper
1. Modern Language Association (MLA)
 It is widely used in the Humanities such as in the
fields of English, Literatures, Arts, and Philosophy. It
uses brief parenthetical citations in the text that refers
to an alphabetical list of work cited appearing at the
end of the work.
These are the
examples of MLA
Style of Citation when
it comes to a Book as a
source of the
researcher’s Review of
Related Literature.
2. American Psychological Association (APA)
 This citation style uses an author-date system. It is widely used in the Social Sciences field such as
Anthropology, Business, Communication, Education, Political Science, and Psychology. It uses in-text
citation in the text that refer to an alphabetical list of references appearing the end of the work.

The following are the examples of citation in APA style:

Below are given set of citation styles that are usually used by researcher. Identify
whether the given citation is an APA, MLA, or CHICAGO. Write your answers on
your notebook.
1. According to Volery and Lord (2000) they stated that there are three different
success factors in an online learning delivery, namely: technology, the instructor,
and the previous use of technology from a student’s perspective.
2. As per the research paper entitled, “Online Formative Assessment in Higher
Education: A Review of the Literature” noted that “effective online formative
assessment can foster a learner and assessment-centered focus through formative
feedback and enhanced learner engagement with valuable learning
experiences”(Gikandi, Morrow,Davis 1).
3. Gikandi et.al.(2011) stated that an effective formative assessment can foster a
learner and assessment-centered focus through formative feedback and enhanced
learner engagement with valuable learning experiences.
4. It was noted in the study that there are three different success factors in an
online delivery which comprises of the following: technology, the instructor, and the
previous use of technology from student’s perspective (Volery & Lord, 2000).
5. In the study entitled, “Integrating Computer-Based and Teacher-Based Scaffolds
in Science Inquiry”, appeared that students who used continuous computer-based
procedural scaffolding with early teacher-based metacognitive scaffolding performed
best in acquiring scientific inquiry skills (Wu & Pedersen, 2011).
Fill in the blank the correct word that will best fit in the
sentence. Write your answers on your notebook.
Using your Research Working Title, fill in the map with the necessary information. Cite
sources using the given citation styles in the box. Write your answers on your notebook.
Read and answer the questions below. Choose the letter of the best answer.
Write your answers on your notebook.
1. This refers to unethical practice of using words or ideas (either planned or
accidental) of another author/ researcher or your own previous works without
proper acknowledgement.
A. Citation
C. Ethical Consideration
B. Referencing
D. Plagiarism
2. This is the process by which a researcher will tell to her target that a certain
material in his work came from another source.
A. Citation
C. Ethical Consideration
B. Referencing
D. Plagiarism
3. What citation style is commonly used in the field of Humanities?
A. Modern Language Association C. Chicago Style

B. American Psychological Association D. Turabian Style

10. “MLA” means ________.

A. Modern Language Association C.Medium Language Asociation

B. Maritime Linguistics Association D.Minimum Linguistics Association
The American Psychological Association
(APA) Format of Referencing
Tell whether the given phrase is an APA Style or MLA
Style of Citation. Write your answer on your notebook.
1. According to Abedin, et.al. (2011) posited that…,
2. As noted in the research paper of Abedin, Daneshgar,
and D’ambra entitled Enhancing Non-Task Sociability of
Asynchronous CSCL Environments …(12),
3. In accordance to the study of Reyes (2019) noted
that…,
4. In lieu of the research of the research conducted by
Magsaysay and Arroyo (2013) they described the …
5. As gleaned on the findings of their study that …
(Abedin,Daneshgar,D’ambra, Enhancing non-Task
Sociability of Asynchronous CSCL Environments 12)...
Analyse and answer following questions below. Write your answers on your
notebook.
1. As a researcher what will happen to you if you fail to cite the sources of
information that you have put on your review of related literature? (3pts)

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. How does citation be important in crafting your research paper? (3pts)

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

3. Have you tried posting an article or a picture of yours in your social media
account and it gathered many reactions like “heart” and “like”? Then, someone
copied it and as if they are owning it as theirs. What would you feel? (4pts)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
After knowing the format of citing a source for your
research paper using an American Psychological
Association (APA) style. You are now ready to learn the
lesson about APA Referencing. In crafting your research
paper, you are going to follow the APA format of
referencing and citation because you are in the education
sector and you are under the umbrella of Field of Social
Sciences. The referencing always go together whenever
you cited new sources of ideas, facts, and concepts on
your research paper.
 Read and observe the given example below where the researcher cited two
different studies about, The Online Distance Learning: An Impact to Students
Performance.
According to Panigrahi et.al. (2018) proposed that the
integration of virtual communities to online learning platforms may cause a
better outcome and engagement. Also, Picciano (2002) found out in his study
that the success of many online course is dependent upon the nature of
student to student and student to faculty interaction. Moreover, in the study of
Salamat et.al. (2018) they highlighted that e-learning provides time flexibility to
the students and it motivates students to do their work without the help of
others. Furthermore, through their study they have found out that the students
feel more comfortable when they are using the internet. Salamat et.al (2018)
concluded the e-learning system in education is effective for students.
Figure 1
Figure 1 shows some citations that are in the American Psychological Association (APA)
style. There are three different sources that were included in the manuscript which
entitled, The Online Distance Learning: An Impact to Students Performance.
Always be reminded that citation and reference list always go together.
 Below is Figure 2, where you will able to see the list of
references that the researcher used in Figure 1.
Panigrahi, R.,Srivastava, S.R., Sharma, D. (2018). Online learning: adaptation,
continuance, and learning outcome. International Journal of
Information
43,1-14.doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.05.005

Picciano, A.G. (2002). Beyond students’ perception: issues of interaction,

presence and performance in an online course. Journal of
Asynchronous Learning Networks,
6(1),33.doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2006.11.007

Salamat, L., Ahmad,G., Bakht,I., & Saifi,I.L. (2018). Effects of e-learning on

students’ academic learning at university level. Asian
Innovative Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities,
2(2),1-12. Figure 2
After reading and observing the information noted in
Figure 1 and Figure 2, it shows that the arrangement of
the list of references in Figure 2 follows the author-date
citations found at Figure 1. For example, in Figure 1 it is
noticeable that Panighari et.al. (2018) was the first source
of the researcher. Then, it was followed by Picciano (2002)
and lastly, Salamat et.al. (2018). Moreover, as it is gleaned
on Figure 2 that the entries in the list of references follows
the arrangement on how the researcher of The Online
Distance Learning: An Impact to Students Performance cited
all of her sources.
What is an American Psychological Association
(APA) Referencing?
APA is the style of documentation of sources used by the
American Psychological Association. This form of writing
research papers is used mainly in the social sciences, like
psychology, anthropology, sociology, as well as education
and other fields.

This style of referencing is used often whenever you

summarize, paraphrase, or quote information from
another source, such as: passages from books, or articles
in an academic journal.
What is a reference page and a
bibliography?
The reference page lists all the sources you have
cited in your paper or manuscript. It is commonly has its
four main components such as: the author’s name, date,
title, and source. It also allows the researcher recognized
the contribution of other writers and researchers in your
manuscript.
Meanwhile, a bibliography helps the researcher keep
track of the sources they consulted or cited for their
written material and gives readers a framework of how
the writer’s arguments were formed.
How will I craft my list of references using the APA
style of referencing?
Below are the various ways on how you will craft the reference
list of your research paper.

1. Books. This is the pattern that the researcher may follow.

Pattern:
Author’s last name, Initial of First Name (Year of
Publication).Book Title. City of
Publication: Name of Publication.

Example:
Allen, T. (1974).Vanishing Wildlife of North America.
Washichton,D.C.: National Geographic
2. Encyclopedia and Dictionary. Below is the pattern and example of
how will you reference a source coming from this.
Pattern:

Author’s Last Name, Initial of the First Name (Year of

Publication).Title of the Article.Title of
Encyclopedia (volume, pages). City of
Publication. Name of Publication.

Example:
Bergmann,P.G.(1993). Relativity. In the New Encyclopedia
Britannica (v.26,pp.501-508). Chicago:
Encyclopedia Britannica.

Example:
Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (10 ed.). (1993). Springfield,
th

MA: Merriam-Webster’s.
3. Magazines and Newspaper Articles. Below is the given pattern of
referencing for a source that may came from here.
Pattern:

Author’s Last Name, Initial of the First Name. (Year of

Publication). Article title. Periodical
title, volume number (issue number if
available).inclusive pages.

Note: Do not enclose the title with quotation marks and put a perios
after the title. If a periodical includes a volume number, italized it and
then give the page range (in regular type) without “pp.” . If the
periodical does not use volume numbers, as in newspapers, use “p.” or
“pp.” for page numbers.

Example:
Harlow,H.F. (1983). Fundamentals of preparing
psychology journal articles. Journal of
4. Website or Webpage. The standard pattern for it are written
below.

Pattern for an Online Periodical:

Author’s Name (Date of Publication). Title of article.
Title of periodical, volume number, Retrieved
month day, year, from full URL.

Example:

Devitt, T. (2001,August 2). Lightning injuries for at

music festival. The Why/Files.
Retrieved January 23, 2002, from
http://whyfiles.org./137 lightning
/index.html
Pattern for an Online Document:
Author’s Name. (Date of Publication). Title of Work. Retrieved Month
day, year from full URL.

Examples:
Dove, R. (1998). Lady freedom among us. The Electronic Arts
Center. Retrieved June 19, 1998 from Alderman Library,
University of Virginia.

http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/subjects/afam.html.

Fredrickson, B.L. (2000,March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to

optimize health and well-being. Preventions and treatment,3.
Article 0001a. Retrieved November 20,2000, from

http://journals.apa.org /prevention/volume3 /pre003000Ia

.html.

GVU’s 8th WWW user survey.(n.d.). Retrieved August 8,2000, from

Note: When citing an internet source, refer to the specific website of the
document. If the document is undated, use “n.d.” (for no date) immediately
after the document title. Break a lengthy URL that goes to another line after a
slash or before a period. Continually, check your references to online
documents. There is NO PERIOD following the URL. Also, if you cannot find
any of the information given above, cite an information that are readily
available on the document you are citing. Consequently, if the document is
contained within a large and complex website (such as for the university or a
government agency), just identify the host organization and the relevant
program or department before giving the URL for the document itself.
Write DEAL if the item given is essential in referencing and
NO DEAL if otherwise. Write your answers on your
notebook.
1. It is important to know the different useful information
on the book, website, or even on the article that you are
reading.
2. Having a notes about the information of the materials
cited on the researcher’s manuscript is essential.
3. It is not right to get all the necessary information on a
material that you would like to cite such the author’s
name, date of publication, title of the article or of the book,
city of publication, name of the publication, and website.
4. Citation and referencing in APA format always not go
together in a researcher’s manuscript.
5. Referencing and Bibliography are a fundamental factors in
order for the researcher track down and list down all of their
references.
6. Referencing gives the readers the idea that not all the
contents of your manuscript came from your own but instead a
collection of ideas from various sources.
7. Writing a reference list on a researcher’s study is crucial and
necessary.
8. It is not essential that a researcher must know the correct
pattern of writing a reference and bibliography on his own
manuscript.
9. The researcher don’t need a relevant and accurate reference
for his study.
10.The researcher must look for a literature that is objective in
nature.
Using your prepared cited articles in Lesson 1 of this
module, craft your reference list and bibliography and
write it on your notebook. (Note: Follow the pattern that
you have learned from this lesson.)
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
A. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE, if
otherwise. Write your answers on your notebook.
1. APA stands for American Psychological Association.
2. The reference list and bibliography on a research paper
is important for the researcher.
3. The citation and the reference list always go together
whenever you are writing an academic paper or even a
research paper.
4. A bibliography helps the researcher keep track of the
sources they consulted or cited for their written material
and gives readers a framework of how the writer’s
arguments were formed.
5. The citation and the reference list are not appropriate
for the researcher to put it on their manuscript.
Answer Key

25
 A 10.
B 9.
B 8.
C 7.
B 6.
5.f SYNTHESIS 5.
5.FALSE A 5.
4.a 4.RELEVANCE
4.TRUE B 4.
3.b 3.COVERAGE
3.TRUE A 3.
2.c
2.TRUE A 2.
2.OBJECTIVITY
1.TRUE D 1.
1.d 1.ACCURACY
II LESSON I LESSON II Lesson I Lesson
Assessment New What’s 5.T
T4.
F3.
T2.
T1.
I Lesson
In What’s

10.5204/ssj.v9i4.424 doi: 62.-53 9(4),

Success,
Student theorem. equivalence interaction the
of lens the through subject science
online an in participation learner online and
interaction online Exploring (2018). J.
Nieuwoudt, 3.

guide
-citation-http://www.mendeley.com/guides/a
pa
from, 24,2020 January Group.Retrieved
RELX .guide citation format Apa (2020).
Mendely 2.

Bookstore. Rex
Philippines: .Ed.) nd (2 Writing Thesis and
Methods Research
(2007). M. Calmorin, & L. 1.Calmorin,
2 Lesson

APA4.
10.DEAL
MLA2.
Strengthens 10.
DEAL 9.NO 5.APA 9.
Amount APA3.
DEAL 8.NO APA1.
Shows 8.
7.DEAL Helpful 7. I Lesson
6.DEAL Accidental 6. More What’s
5.DEAL Legal 15. Planned 5.
DEAL 4.NO Reveals 14. Unethical 4.
DEAL 3.NO 13.honesty Plagiarism 3.
2.DEAL 12.ethical work else’s Someone 2.
1.DEAL 11.authenticity Citation 1.
II LESSON I LESSON
Learned I’ve What

26
Re f e re nc e s
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Turnitin (2017). Retrieved fro m https://www.plagiarism.org/article/what- is- citation

Gossenheimer,A.N.,Bem,T.,Carneiro, M.L.,De Castro,M.S. (2017). Impact of distance education on

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Lobetos,M.J. (2018). Lesso n 12 citing related literature

u sing s t a n d a rd style
[PowerPointSlide].Slideshare.net.Retrievedfromhttps://www.slideshare.net/m
jlobetos/lesson-12-citing-related-literature-using-standard-styles
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Department o f Education.

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h t t p s://sfco lleg e.lib g uid es.co m/a p a

Labaree, R.V. (2021).Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper. US C Library.University of

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University o f Washington Library (2021). Citation Styles and Tools: Wh ich Citation Style Should I Use?.
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A PA (2019). A PA Style Secondary Sources. American Psychological Association Organization.

Washington, D.C. Retrieved from https://apa style.a p a .o rg /style-g r a m m a r-
guidelines/citations/secondary-s o urces

Diaz, D.,Cartnal, R . Students’ Learning Style in Tw o Classes Online Distance Learn in g a n d Equivalent
On-Campus. Taylor and Francis, Ltd. College Teaching, Vol. 47, No. 4 (Fall, 1999), pp. 130-135.doi.
h t t p : / / w w w. j s t o r. o rg / s t a b l e / 2 7 5 5 8 9 6 2 .

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Review of Open Access Literature.The International Review of R esea rch I n O p e n a n d Distributed
Learning. irrodl.org

Volery, T. and Lord, D. (2000), "Critical success factors in online ed u ca tio n ", In tern atio n al J o u r n a l o f
Ed ucatio nal M a n ag e me n t, Vol. 1 4 N o . 5, p p . 2 1 6 -2 2 3 . doi.1 0 . 11 0 8 / 0 9 5 1 3 5 4 0 0 1 0 3 4 4 7 3 1

Gikandi, J.W., Morrow, D., Davis, N.E. (2011). Online Formative Assessmentin Higher Education:
A review of the Literature. Elsevier B.V,57(4), 2 3 3 3 -2351. doi.10.1016/j.compedu.2011.06.004

Panigrahi, R.,Srivastava, S.R., Sharma, D. (2018). Online learning: adaptation, continuance, and
learning outcome. International Journal of Information, 43,1-
14.doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.05.005

27
Picciano, A.G. (2002). Beyond students’ perception: issues of interaction, presence a n d performance
in an online course. Journal of Asyn ch ro no u s Learning Networks,
6(1),33.doi:1 0 . 10 1 6 /j.comp edu .2 00 6 .11 .0 0 7

Salamat, L., Ahmad,G., Bakht,I., & Saifi,I.L. (2018). Effects of e-learning o n a cademic
students’
learnin g at university level. Asian Innovative Journal of Social Sciences
a n d Humanities, 2(2),1-12.

Tyree, L.W. (2021). APA Citation Guide. Santa Fe College. Retrieved from
h ttp s://sfco lleg e.lib g u id es.co m/a p a/co mp o n en ts.
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h ttp s://www.yo utu b e.co m/wa tch ? v=mlb g _ - h 1 f U U

Francia, M.A. (2017,December 11). Sample: grade 10-apa bibliography plan.

detailed lesson
Slideshare. Retrieved January 25,2021 from
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detailed-lesson-plan

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Retrieved from
h t t p : / / w w w. p e o p l e . ku . ed u / ~ t k r i es h o k / ep s y 8 9 0 / re p o rt _ r u b ri c . p d f .

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph

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