Selects Relevant Literature

Literature is an oral or written

record of man’s significant
experiences that are
expressed in an ordinary manner.
It is conveyed directly or
indirectly.
 Direct
expressions is in books, journals, periodic
papers, and online reading materials.
Indirect expressions are not written or
spoken at all but is mirror image of his
environment Ridle 2012 .
 The Review of Related Literature is one
of the main components of a research
study, specifically in the second chapter.
It gives an overview of all the writings
relative to a specific topic (Prieto, Naval
& Carey, 2017). T
 Therefore, selecting the
right sources for the literature review
is very important in producing a
quality
research paper.
 Therefore, selecting the
right sources for the literature review
is very important in producing a
quality
research paper.
 A review of related literature is the
process of collecting, selecting, and
reading
books, journals, reports, abstracts, and
other reference materials. The
following
information may be collected:
How to Write the Review of
Related Literature
1) Introduction: What is the topic
of my literature review?
Example: Gender Inequality
among TVL Learners
 Topic Sentence:
Example: The number of learners,
quality of work, quantity of work,
and types of
PPE.
 My sources (works to be read, analyzed
and cited)
Example: Bagale, S. (2016). Gender
Equality and Social Inclusion in Technical
and
Vocation Education and Training. Journal
of Training and Development, 2(Ii), 25–
32.
https://doi.org/10.3126/jtd.v2i0.15435
Body: What are the main points/arguments of
my sources? How are these points
supported?
Body: What are the main points/arguments of
my sources? How are these points
supported?
Example:
Source 1: Bagale found out that more women are
included in the traditional technical
vocational programs, whereas there is poor
participation in non-traditional areas.
Source 2: Mustapha pointed out that there is
gender imbalance in the technical
vocational field.
Source 2: Mustapha pointed out that there is
gender imbalance in the technical
vocational field.
Body: Similarities in (comparing) two or
more of the articles:
Example: Bagale and Mustapha agreed that
there are still gender inequalities in the
technical vocational field and that women
are still concentrated in certain types of
area.
Body: Differences in (contrasting) in two or
more of the articles:
Example: Bagale and Mustapha disagree on
the factors that contributes and are
affected by the gender inequality issues on
technical vocational majors.
Conclusion: Summarizing
Example: This literature review was
conducted to analyze opposing perspectives
on
gender inequality among technical vocational
learners.
Why is the topic of this literature review
important and/or what should be the next
step of this study?
Example: Further research is needed to
examine recent statistics on gender
inequality among TVL learners in the senior
high schools of this division as
compared to others in this region.
Why is the topic of this literature review
important and/or what should be the next
step of this study?
Example: Further research is needed to
examine recent statistics on gender
inequality among TVL learners in the senior
high schools of this division as
compared to others in this region.
Criteria in Selecting, Citing,
and Synthesizing Related
Literature
 Step 1: Search for the Literature
1. In gathering sources, have focus, a clearly indicated scope
and purpose of the review.
2. Isolate and centre your research on key themes or issues
related to your own research interests.
3. Choose articles which are closely related to your research
interest.
4. Choose studies conducted by experts and authorities in that
same field of knowledge with your study.
5. Peer-reviewed materials are much preferable than general
sources of ideas.
 Step 2: Reading and Citing Source of Material
1. Acknowledgment
2References or Bibliography
a Author’s name
b. Date of the publication of the source.
c. Page number where you found the information.
d. Publisher
e. Place of Publishing
f. Volume
g. Edition
h. Other relevant information –date of access
A paraphrase restates another’s idea (or your own
previously published idea) in your own words.
Paraphrasing allows you to summarize and
synthesize information from one or more sources,
focus on significant information, and compare
and contrast relevant details. Published authors
paraphrase their sources most ofthe time, rather
than directly quoting the sources; student authors
should emulate this practice by paraphrasing more
than directly quoting.
A citation is a formal reference to a published or
unpublished source that you consulted and obtained
information from while writing your research paper.
The way in which you document your sources depends
on the writing style manual your professor wants you
to use for the class [e.g., (American Psychological
Association (APA), Modern Laguage Association (MLA),
Chicago, Turabian, etc.]. The act of citing sources is also
your best defense against allegations of plagiarism
(Baraceros, 2016).
1. Citing other people's words and ideas indicates that
you have conducted a thorough review of the literature
on your topic
2. Other researcher's ideas can be used to reinforce
your arguments.
3. The ideas of other researchers can be used to explain
reasons for alternative approaches.
4. Just as the ideas of other researchers can bolster
your arguments, they can alsodetract from your
credibility if their research is challenged.
5. Ideas are considered intellectual property and there
can be serious
repercussions if you fail to cite where you got an idea
from.
Styles in Related Literature Citations or References
1. Acknowledgment – the beginning portion of the work
that identifies individuals who have contributed something
to produce the paper

2. References or Bibliography – a complete list of all reading

materials including books, journals, periodical, etc. from
where the borrowed ideas came from.

3. Citation or In-Text- Citation- references within the main

body of the text, especially in Review of Related Literature.
 Patterns of Citation
1. Summary
2. Paraphrase
3 Quotation
-Short Direct quotation-not exceeding 40 words
-Long Direct Quotation or Block Quotation or Extract
numbering from 40 to 100 words. Under APAA, the
limit is eight (8) lines. Placed at the center of the page
with no indentation, the copied lines look like they
compose a stanza of a poem.
Ethical Standards in Writing
Here are some points to consider the ethical standard
in writing review of related literature

1. Understand the Intellectual Property (IP) rights

2. To understand the ethical use of information
If in case you use purposely or unintentionally the
work of others without giving proper
credit, you have violated the law of plagiarism.
Scientific misconduct might arise when ethical
standards are not followed such as the following:
Plagiarism
1.

2. Fabrication of data.
3. Falsification of data
4. Non-publication of
data.
.
 ORGANIZING RELATED LITERATURE
1. Through Chronological Order (date/year)- Chronology
of Events.
2. Through broad-to-specific topic
An example of this is when you start the problem of
teenage pregnancy internationally or globally. Start
byestablishing the trend of such problem globally, then at
national level, to your province, city or locality and to your
own barangay (Aparejo, 2010).
 ORGANIZING RELATED LITERATURE
3. Through major models or major theories
4. Through prominent authors
5. Through contrasting schools of thought
6. Through thematic concept or by topic
7. Through Methodological approach
Making Links Between Studies
Making Links Between Studies
CONTENT OF THE REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
1. Introduction
The introduction explains the focus and establishes the
importance of the subject. It
discusses what kind of work has been done on the
topic and identifies any controversies
within the field or any recent research which has
raised questions about earlier assumptions.
2. Body of Review of Related Literature

The body of related review of literature is oftentimes

divided into major headings and subheadings. In most
cases to, the body of related literature and studies will
summarize, evaluate and assess the field of
knowledge under study in current stage.
3. Conclusion
The conclusion will give the summary of all the
evidences that are being presented from introduction
to the body of related literature and studies. Aside
from that, the conclusion will also give the precise key
findings of other studies of the review in general
concepts.