10

RESEARCH II
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Tools in Data Collection
Quarter 2- Week 2 & 3

1|P age
Research II – Grade 10
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Tools in Data Collection
Quarter 2- Week 1

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

GLAK Development Team

Writers: Antonette C. Saldivar
Editors: Ared June M. Dazo
Reviewers: Angela M. Pascua
Graphic Artist: Rezel Jean Tesoro
Management Team: Leonardo D. Zapanta EdD, CESO V
Michelle A. Mejica EdD
Manolito B. Basilio EdD
Rachelle Crisostomo-Diviva
Garry M. Achacoso

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education

Region III
Schools Division of Zambales
Zone 6, Iba, Zambales
Tel./Fax No. (047) 602 1391
E-mail Address: zambales@deped.gov.ph
Website: www.depedzambales.ph
 TOOLS IN DATA COLLECTION

Introduction

This module will focus on the various methods of gathering data and sets to
establish the interaction between students, teachers and the researchers. The
methods used to gather data are determined to a great extent by the research
questions and objectives.
As we explore this module, we will discuss the different research
instruments and tools.

Learning Competency

Uses appropriate tools/instruments/protocols for gathering and collecting

data.

Objectives

At the end of the module, you are expected to:

1. identify various tools and instruments used in data gathering
2. differentiate the characteristics of each tools and instruments
3. apply specific data gathering instrument and tools under your field of study.

1|P age
 Review

In the previous module, you have learned different methods in gathering

data. It is important in research because it serves as bases and evidences that can
lead us to find the correct explanation to a research problem.
Let us check how many words/ideas you can recall. Loop 10 words that are
related to Data Collection.

O Z A Q W S X C D S
B E R F V B G T Y S
S H N M J U Y I O U
E L P K M J U I K R
R R E Q A S D F T V
V G C V B N M J G E
A S E C O N D A R Y
T S E A W Q A A Z D
I E J H G F T D S S
O X E R T Y A U I O
N P L K J H G D S A
A E E E D F C P Z X
C R V B N M L R K J
J I N T E R V I E W
R M E R T G T M T R
R E K L K J H A V C
E N W S S X C R W W
S T F D Q E E Y Y T

2|P age
 Discussion

Research Tools and Instruments

Research tools and instruments are valid and reliable tools to collect,
measure and analyze data related to a problem under study and facilitate variable
observations and measurements. It can be tests, surveys, scales, questionnaires
or even checklists. The type of research instrument that will be used depends on
the nature of data collection method to be performed.

A research instrument is said to be reliable when it is able to repeat

and produce consistent results after several repetitions.

Types of Research Instruments

Questionnaire

This is the most common instrument that contains series of questions to

gather data which the participants can answer in oral or written form.
Questionnaire can be open-ended or vice versa.

Advantages
1. It is practical.
2. Great number of information can be gathered from number of people in a
short period of time and in a relatively cost-effective way.
3. It can be conducted by the researcher or by any number of people with
limited effects to its validity and reliability.
4. The results of the questionnaires can be acquired immediately and can be
easily quantified by either a researcher or by using a software package.
5. It can be analyzed more systematically and objectively that other forms of
research.
6. It can be used to compare other research and may be used to measure
change.
7. It can aid in the creation of new theories or to test present hypotheses.

3|P age
 Disadvantages

1. It is not sufficient to express and understand subjective forms of information

such as feelings, opinions, etc.
2. It lacks validity.
3. Respondent may only answer any item of his choice.
4. The length of questions may influence the respondent’s interest.
5. It is costly.
6. Results may vary depending on the comprehension of the respondents.

Criteria of a Good Questionnaire

1. Clarity of Language
- The level of understanding of the respondents should be considered.
2. Unified Objective
- Each question has only one answer.
3. One-on-one Correspondence
- Must be based from the objective of the study.
4. Free from grammatical and spelling errors
- Poorly constructed sentences affect the answers of the respondents.
Questions must be constructed and organized well.

Characteristics of a Good Questionnaire

1. It has a well-stated title

2. It has statement of purpose
3. It assures the respondents about confidentiality of responses
4. It is designed to achieve the objective of the study
5. It has clear direction
6. There are no double-negative questions
7. It avoids double barreled questions
8. The design corresponds to an easy tabulation of data

4|P age
 Degree of the Structure of Questions

1. Open-Ended Question
This gives respondents the ability to answer based on their own
words.

2. Close-Ended or Fixed Response

This enables the respondents to choose one of the given alternatives

3. Dichotomous Question
Requires the respondents to answer between two responses such as
yes/no, male/female etc.
4. Multiple Choice Question
Offers more than one choice.

5. Cafeteria Question
A special type of multiple-choice questions wherein the respondents
are asked according to their own point of view.

6. Rank-Order Question
The respondents are asked to choose an answer from greatest to
least.

7. Rating Question
This type is where the respondents are asked to judge a topic an
ordered dimension- in scales of 1-5.

Interview

An interview aims to verify information gathered from written sources and

clarify points of information. It can be structured or unstructured verbal
communication between the researcher and the subject.

Advantages
1. Data from the interview are useful
2. There is an assurance on the depth of response
3. It can be a basis for the construction of questions
4. Participant’s response can be clarified
5. No questions will be overlooked
6. Flexibility of response is allowed

Disadvantages

1. Time consuming and costly

2. It is open to the researcher’s biases

5|P age
Characteristics of a Good Interview Question

1. Encourages narrative responses which convey more opinion and

information.
2. Identifies descriptive and detailed answers.
3. Responses are personal and based on first-hand experiences.
4. Emotional responses are significant to the research question under study.

Survey

It is defined as the quantitative method of collecting information from

different questions. It is a process where a researcher uses survey questions to
the respondents, where the gathered responses are treated statistically to
analyze and draw meaning from it.

Advantages

1. High representativeness
2. It is less expensive.
3. It is more convenient to be used in data gathering.
4. It has a good statistical significance.
5. There is lesser or no observer subjectivity.
6. It gives precise results.

Disadvantages

1. The design is inflexible.

2. Is not ideal for controversial issues.
3. Possible inappropriateness of questions may take place.

Characteristics Of A Good Survey Question

1. It must be truthful.
2. Elicits specific answer to specific questions
3. Can accommodate all possible answers. A good question allows varied
multiple responses.
4. Should have mutually exclusive options
5. Question transition and arrangements should be smooth and logical
6. No erroneous assumptions.
7. Uses objective questions and does not imply desired answer.
8. Does not contain unclearly defined words or abbreviations and acronyms
9. Does not ask the respondents to rank more than five items in each series.
10. Includes personal questions at the end of the survey

6|P age
Observation

It is the direct way of gathering data through the five senses: sight,
hearing, taste, touch and smell and most commonly used in qualitative
research.

Types of Observation

1. Unstructured Observation

A method of collecting research data that contains both opponents

and proponents.

2. Structured Observation

Is a qualitative research methodology in which an event or series of

events and observations are structured in the sense that pre-determined
categories are used to guide the recording process.

Advantages

1. It is the simplest method

2. It is useful in formulating hypothesis
3. It is more accurate.
4. It is a common method.
5. Independent of people’s eagerness to report

Disadvantages

1. Previous problems cannot be studied by means of observation

2. If left without an option, one must depend on the documents
available.
3. Observation requires special instruments, and is costly
4. One cannot study opinions by this method
5. Observations cannot study attitudes.
6. Sampling cannot be used in this technique
7. Observation takes a lot of time before you can get a data.
8. The actual presence of the observer may jeopardize the study.
9. Complete answer cannot be obtained by observation alone.

Characteristics of a Good Observation

1. It is systematic
2. It is specific
3. It is objective
4. It is quantitative
5. Data can be easily collected

7|P age
Experimental Approach

- It is a powerful design to test hypothesis of casual relationships among

variables. This research design allows the researcher to control the
dependent and independent variables.

Two Groups of Experimental Approach

1. Treatment/Experimental – This is the group of subjects exposed to the

clinical trial. It is the variable under study.

2. Control Group – This is the group of subjects closely resembling the

treatment group in demographic variables but not receiving the active factor
under study and serving as a comparison group when treatment results are
evaluated.

Advantages

1. It gives the researcher high level of control to the study.

2. There is no limit to the subject matter or field involved.
3. Experimental research provides conclusions that are specific.
4. The results can be duplicated.
5. Natural settings can be replicated faster.
6. It allows cause and effect to be determined.
7. It can be obtained with other research methods.

Disadvantages

1. Since the results are subjective, human error is possible

2. It can create situations that are not real.
3. It is a time-consuming process.
4. It does not provide actual explanation.
5. There may be ethical or practical problems with some variables.
6. Extraneous variables sometimes are hard to control.
7. Participants of the study may be influenced by their present situation.

8|P age
Characteristics of a Good Experimental Design

1. Control – the use of control group and extraneous variables on the

dependent variables
2. Manipulation – control of independent variable by the researcher through
treatment/intervention
3. Randomization – every subject gets equal chance being assigned
experimental and control group.

Guided Practice 1
Directions: Decide which tool is applicable in the given situation. Explain your
answer in at least 5 sentences. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Ared stood outside the public market and asked some customers if the
potatoes they bought were big and fresh.

2. Geoff gave each student a random paper, some papers are made ofdried
leaves of paper tree and commercial paper. Then he observed which of
the papers can be easily crumpled.

3. During the parent’s meeting, Isagani observed some parents who entered
the classroom. He recorded whether the first half of the parents who
arrived prefer to sit in front.

4. Zoeh thought of buying a laptop. She then searched to look for a brand
with positive views from satisfied buyers.

5. Edison wants to find if rainy days affect people’s mood.

6. Rosario wants to determine the learning span of students in research

subject.

7. SSG President plans to conduct a poll to determine which secretary

candidate is popular in upcoming election.

8. Principal Balmeo wishes to find the percentage of students at Maganda

National High School who are planning to join in the Sports Fest 3 weeks
from now.

9. Group of researcher needs to understand if the latest vaccine for Malaria

is effective in people with high cholesterol.

10. Jon and Ahyie want to know the effect of being 4Ps member in a
student’s performance.

9|P age
Guided Practice 2
Fill me up!
Directions: Complete the table with necessary information. Write your answers on
a separate sheet of paper.
Method Type of Respondents Activities/Plan When to Whom
Data this for Data conduct (partners
method Collection here with
will collect expertise in
the area)
1.

2.

Scoring rubric:
Score Description
5 All Ideas are well presented and clear.
4 4 out of 5 ideas are not clear.
3 3 out of 5 ideas are not clear.
2 2 out of 5 ideas are not clear.
1 1 out of 5 ideas is not clear.

10 | P a g e
Independent Practice
Directions: Construct your own research problem and describe the applicable
instrument in data collection of your choice. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

Score Description
5 All Ideas are well presented and clear.
4 4 out of 5 ideas are not clear.
3 3 out of 5 ideas are not clear
2 2 out of 5 ideas are not clear
1 1 out of 5 ideas is not clear

11 | P a g e
 Assessment

Directions: As a student, you are asked to identify the relationship between the
use of tiktok app to the level of your performance in school. What data collection
instrument is applicable to gather the data? Explain your answer.

Data
Collection
Instrument

12 | P a g e
 Reflection

Things I
have learned

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

13 | P a g e
 References

Ackroyd, S., and J.A Hughes. 1981. Data Collection In Context.

Developing Effective data Tools. 2020. pdf. Accessed October 28.

Jones, S.(1985). Depth Interviewing – Applied Qualitative Research.

Aldershat, UK. Gower.

Nalzaro, Ludy Mae. 2012. "Methods Of Data Collection". Presentation, ,

2012.

Routledge, Taylor. 2012. The Logic Of Scientific Discovery. reprinted.

Sobrepena, Yolanda. 2011. "Research Instruments". Presentation, Paliparan

National High School, 2011.

Sulivan, D. 1997. Qualitative Research: Theory Method And Practices.

London, Sage.

2020. Https:Guides.Library.Duq.Edu/Research-Instruments/.
https://guides.library.duq.edu/researchinstruments/updated July
08,2020.3:57pm.

2020. Accessed October 28.

https://www.le.ac.uk/aerresources/lill/falmvco/module9/page_51.h
tm.

Aryal, Sagar. 2020. "Questionnaire Method Of Data Collection | Microbe

Notes". Microbe Notes. https://microbenotes.com/questionnaire-
method-of-data-collection/.

14 | P a g e
15 | P a g e
STUDENTS’ ANSWERS TO ALL GUIDED
PRACTICE MAY VARRY. PLEASE USE
RUBRIC SCORRING FOR GUIDE.
Key to Corrections
 Acknowledgment

The Schools Division of Zambales would like to express its heartfelt

gratitude to the following, who in one way or another, have contributed to the
successful preparation, development, quality assurance, printing, and distribution
of the Quarter 2 Guided Learning Activity Kits (GLAKs) in all learning areas across
grade levels as a response to providing the learners with developmentally-
appropriate, contextualized and simplified learning resources with most essential
learning competencies (MELCs)-based activities anchored on the principles of
guided learning and explicit instruction:

First, the Learning Resources (LR) Development Team composed of the

writers and graphic artists for devoting their time and giving their best efforts to
produce these indispensable learning kits which will be used for the
implementation of learning delivery modalities.

Second, the content editors, language reviewers, and layout evaluators who
made up the Division Quality Assurance Team (DQAT) for having carefully
evaluated all GLAKs to ensure quality and compliance to DepEd standards;

Third, the Provincial Government of Zambales, for unceasingly extending

their financial assistance to augment the funds for the printing of these learning
resources to be used by learners and parents at home;

Fourth, the teacher-advisers and subject teachers, in close coordination

with the school heads, for their weekly distribution and retrieval of the GLAKs and
for their frequent monitoring of the learners’ progress through various means; and

Finally, the parents and other home learning facilitators for giving the
learners the necessary guidance and support for them to possibly accomplish the
tasks and for gradually helping them become independent learners.

To deliver learning continuity in this challenging circumstance would not be

possible without your collective effort and strong commitment to serving our
Zambaleño learners.

Again, our sincerest gratitude towards you all!

The Management Team

16 | P a g e
 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division of Zambales

Zone 6, Iba, Zambales
Tel./Fax No.: (047) 602 1391
E-mail Address: zambales@deped.gov.ph
Website: www.depedzambales.ph