Learning Area
Learning Delivery Modality
LESSON School
EXEMPLAR Teacher
Teaching Date
Teaching Time
I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standards
B. Performance Standards
C. Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC)
D. Enabling Competencies
II. CONTENT
III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References
a. Teacher’s Guide Pages
b. Learner’s Materials Pages
c. Textbook Pages
d. Additional Materials from
Learning Resources
B. List of Learning
Resources for
Development and
Engagement Activities
IV PROCEDURES
STEM
Modular Distance Learning (MDL)
LPIHS Grade Level Grade 12
Joe Victoria B. Daelo Learning Area Practical Research
2
July 14 – 16, 2020 Quarter 1st
9:00 – 10:00
No. of Days 3 days
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. identify the characteristics and kinds of quantitative research
2. analyze and explain the characteristics, kinds, strengths and weaknesses of
quantitative research
3. realize the importance of knowing the characteristics, kinds, strengths and
weaknesses of quantitative research
The learners demonstrate understanding of the characteristics, strengths,
weaknesses and kinds of quantitative research.
The learners should be able to decide on suitable quantitative research in different
areas of interest.
 Describes characteristics, strengths, weaknesses and kinds of quantitative
research.
Code: CS_RS12-Ia-c-1
Characteristics and Kinds of Quantitative Research
 Practical Research 2 by Faltado et al pages 1 to 3
 Practical Research for Senior High School 2 by Prieto et al 3 to 4
 Practical Research 2 by Baraceros pages 7 to 9
Agacite, Mark Vince. n.d. “Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Characteristics, Strengths,
Weaknesses, Kinds of Quantitative Research.” Academia. Accessed June 7,
2020.
https://www.academia.edu/35969852/Chapter_1_Lesson_1_Characteristics_Str
engths_Weaknesses_Kinds_of_Quantitative_Research
Chua, Von Christopher G. n.d. “Practical Research 2 - MATHbyCHUA.” 2017.
Accessed June 1, 2018. https://mathbychua.weebly.com/practical-research-
2.html.
Rvena, Allen. n.d. “(PDF) Nature of Inquiry and Research - Academia.Edu.” 2019.
Accessed June 7, 2020.
https://www.academia.edu/37184884/Nature_of_Inquiry_and_Research.
 Activity Sheets
 Illustrations and Tables
 Pictures
A. Introduction What I Need to Know?

This module in Practical Research 2 was written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master skills needed in writing your own research. This subject aims to
develop your critical thinking and problem-solving skills through quantitative
research. As you accomplish this module, you will develop an understanding of the
different kinds of quantitative research as well as its characteristics, strengths and
weaknesses.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. identify the characteristics and kinds of quantitative research
2. analyze and explain the characteristics, kinds, strengths and weaknesses of
quantitative research
3. realize the importance of knowing the characteristics, kinds, strengths and
weaknesses of quantitative research

Values: Time Management, Creativity, Independence

What’s New?

Find My Characteristics?

Find word/s related to the characteristics of quantitative research. The words can
be arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally, straightforward or reversed. Try
to identify all the words.

T S S E L M N G Z N J O
J S W T O A B S U Q B B
N L E D R L R M Y E U J
O N N M B U E G Q W D E
K A I G O R C B E T E C
R E P L I C A T I O N T
R J R C H X T H U H I I
U V A N U R E U Q R F V
I L C L E A R Y O C E E
Z C G P I P J N B D D D
T M D E L B A I L E R M
N G Z S M I X R S U M E

Guide Questions:
1. What words were you able to identify?
2. In your own words, what is the definition of each word found?
3. How do you think are these words related to quantitative research?
B. Development What I Know

Directions: Encircle the letter of your answer.

1) Which statement BEST describes quantitative research?

A. It is an activity of proving or creating a theory.
B. It is an activity focused with finding new truths in the sciences.
C. It is an exploration associated with libraries, books and journals.
D. It is an organized way of making generalizations from numerical data.
2) What characteristic of quantitative research seeks accurate measurement and
analysis of target factors?
A. Future Outcomes C. Objective
 B. Numerical Data D. Replication
3) Which characteristic is shown when a study is repeated to check the
correctness and verify the reliability of results in a different setting?
A. Future Outcomes C. Objective
B. Numerical Data D. Replication
4) What kind of research uses the scientific method to establish a cause-effect
relationship among a group of variables?
A. Correlational C. Evaluation
B. Descriptive D. Experimental
5) What kind of research aims to observe, describe, and document natural
phenomenon to develop a hypothesis or theory?
A. Correlational C. Evaluation
B. Descriptive D. Experimental
6) Which of the following can be considered as weakness/es in conducting a
quantitative research?
I. Quantitative research can be costly, difficult and time-consuming.
II. Quantitative research puts emphasis on proof rather than discovery.
III. Quantitative research needs full statistical treatment in data analysis.
IV. Quantitative research is the most reliable and valid way of concluding
results due to a large number of samples.
A. I only C. I, II and III
B. I and III D. I, II, III and IV
7) Which of the item below does NOT hold true for descriptive research?
A. describes past situations
B. describes the nature of a situation or an event
C. presents the profile of persons, events, and things
D. there is no manipulation of variables or search for cause and effect
8) Which quantitative research design should a student researcher use to
determine the chemical components and effectiveness of a medicinal plant?
A. Correlational C. Pre-experimental
B. Evaluation D. True experimental
9) Which field or area of interest utilizes experimental research to a great extent?
A. Arts B. Humanities C. Philosophy D. Science
10) Which research topic is most applicable to SHS students taking up Science,
Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)?
A. the most saleable items in the three groceries
B. the kind of machines used in building houses
C. the length of time people spends using Facebook
D. top 3 academic tracks chosen by incoming SHS learners

What’s In

Inquiry vs Research
Read the given statements. Indicate whether Inquiry or Research is applicable to
the given situations by writing the situations in the given table.
Inquiry Research

1. A student wants to know the medicinal uses of paragis plant.

2. A person wants to know the occupant of the apartment beside the school.
3. Vico wants to discover which automatic chicken feeder setup would be
more efficient.
4. Miss Reyes wants to know the reason for the decrease in her daily sales of
packaging supplies.
 5. Mr. Martin wants to know the technique to make his electric fan function
instantly.
6. Miss Alonzo wants to discover the impact of time spent on social media
on her students’ study habits.

What Is It?

Defining Quantitative Research

Quantitative research involves measurement of outcomes using numerical
data under standardized conditions. Some examples of quantitative research are:
 A study comparing the effectiveness of bamboo, coconut and snake plant
fibers as sound absorption materials
 A study to determine the effectiveness of an automatic manure scraper and
collector system
 A study comparing the performance of Grade 12 in Luis Palad Integrated
High School and Southern Luzon State University in Practical Research
using blended learning.

Characteristics of Quantitative Research

This research design can be better understood by identifying and
understanding its various characteristics. The characteristics of quantitative
research is shown in the illustration below.

Kinds of Quantitative Research

Although, quantitative research possesses specific characteristics.

Quantitative research can be classified into several kinds.
The two main types of quantitative research design are experimental and
descriptive research.
Descriptive research aims to observe, describe and document aspects of a
situation or phenomena as it naturally happens. Experimental research allows the
researcher to control a situation to identify cause and effect relationships between
variables.
 Experimental research can be classified further as pre-experimental, quasi-
experimental and true experimental.
1. Pre-experimental research refers to experimental research designs with
least internal validity.
2. A quasi-experimental research lends itself to collecting more data through
scheduling more observations or finding more existing measures.
3. A true experimental research controls for both time-related and group-
related threats. It offers the highest internal validity among research
designs.

The difference between quasi-experimental and true experimental is the

absence of random selection of subjects or samples.
On the other hand, some types of descriptive research designs are the
following:
1. Survey research is used when the researcher aims to find a numeric
description of trends, attitudes and opinions of a population.
2. Correlational research determines the extent of a relationship between two
or more variables using statistical data.
3. Causal-comparative research involves comparing and contrasting two or
more study samples. This research attempts to determine the cause or
consequences of existing differences that between or among groups of
individuals or samples.
4. Evaluation research seeks to assess or judge traits and actions in terms of
values, criteria, and standards to provide information that cannot be
obtained through mere observation and investigation.

Strengths and Weaknesses of Quantitative Research

These characteristics help us determine the strengths and weaknesses of
quantitative research.
These are the strengths and weaknesses of quantitative research. Knowing
both the advantages and disadvantages will help you in conducting this type of
research correctly and accurately.
Strengths Weaknesses
It is not easily misinterpreted It can be costly.
because it is objective. Quantitative research may
It is real and unbiased if miss contextual factors.
properly designed. This uses a static and fixed
Use of statistical methods approach resulting to an
makes it quick and easy to inflexible process of
understand and analyze discovery.
huge amounts of data. Standardized questions may
Findings from the sample lead to structural bias and
can be generalized to the false representation.
population. Results are limited because
It can be replicated in of preset answers and
different places or over time numerical descriptions.
to strengthen validity and It is often done in a
avoid hasty conclusions. controlled environment
It is useful for confirming which might not normally be
results of qualitative present in the real world
researches to get a specific thus yielding "laboratory
conclusion and narrow down results" as opposed to "real
possible solutions. world results".

C. Engagement What’s More?

Teachers will provide worksheets for these activities.

Activity 1 Check the Box

Put a check (/) if the statement describes a characteristic of Quantitative Research.
1. It seeks analysis of target concepts that are not based on intuitions and guesses.
2. The data is usually gathered using structured research instruments.
3. It is not based upon numerical measurements and does not use
numbers and statistical methods as key research indicators and tools.
4. It tends to be associated with a holistic perspective, often studying a single
phenomenon or a small number of occurrences/case studies in
great depth.
5. The research study can usually be repeated in a different setting to verify
results.
6. Data are in the form of numbers and statistics, often arranged in
tables, charts, figures, or other non-textual forms.
7. Emphasis is on discovery rather than proof.
8. The results are based on larger sample sizes that represent the population.
9. It tends to be associated with emergent research design, using a wide range of
approaches.
10. The research has clearly defined research questions to which
objective answers are sought.

Activity 2 Experiment or Describe?

On a separate sheet of paper, make a two-column table with headings, Descriptive
and Experimental. Group the following titles based on the column with the kind of
quantitative research you will use as a researcher.
1. Solar-Powered Arduino-Based Flood Monitoring with SMS Early Warning
System
2. Extent of Knowledge on Reserve Officers’ Training Corps Act among Selected
SHS Students
3. Effects of Technological Advancement on Employee Productivity in Local
Government Units (LGUs)
4. Rice (Oryza sativa) Straw and Banana (Musa acuminata) Pseudostem as
Growing Substrate for Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) Farming
5. Relationship between Philippine Hotel Industry Status and Level of Hospitality
among Hotel Employees
6. Detachable Energy-Harvesting Thermoelectric Power Bank
7. Student’s Assessment on the Classroom Management Strategies among High
School English Teachers
8. Relationship of Classroom Activities on Social Skills among Senior High
School Students
9. Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Shell and Coconut Fiber as an Additive in Making
Hollow Concrete Blocks
10. Benefits and Challenges of LGBT in the Workplace: A Business Case for
Diversity and Inclusion

Activity 3 Wow or Bow

Write WOW if the statement describes strength and BOW if it describes weakness.
1. The most reliable and valid way of concluding results, giving way to a new
hypothesis or to disproving it.
2. Since, there are more respondents compared to qualitative research, the expenses
will be greater in reaching out to these people and in reproducing
questionnaires.
3. If not done seriously and correctly, data from questionnaires may be incomplete
and inaccurate.
4. Standardized approaches allow the study to be replicated in different areas or
over time with formulation of comparable findings.
5. Quantitative experiments are useful for testing the results gained by a series of
qualitative experiments, leading to a final answer, and narrowing down of
 possible directions to follow.
6. It is assumed that the larger the sample is, the more statistically accurate the
findings are.
7. Researchers must be on the look-out on respondents who are just guessing in
answering the instrument.
8. It does not consider the distinct capacity of the respondents to share and
elaborate further information unlike the qualitative research.
9. It is real and unbiased.
10. It is costly.

What I Can Do?

Creative Presentation
Creatively present through poster, collage, song, dance etc. the
characteristics and kinds of quantitative research that you discovered in this lesson.

What Other Enrichment Activities I Can Engage In?

Look at the Messenger chat for links and other supplemental videos provided by
the teacher about the lessons in the module.

D. Assimilation What I Have Learned?

Teachers will provide worksheets for these activities.

Accomplish this KWL chart based on the concepts discussed in this module.

What I learned
What I already What I want to
(Do this after reading and
know know
understanding the lesson)

What I Can Do?

Cite five (5) research topics that you want to do in this subject and specify what
kind of quantitative research you will do for each topic.

Assessment
1) Which statement BEST describes quantitative research?
A. It is an organized way of making generalizations from numerical data.
B. It is an exploration associated with libraries, books and journals.
C. It is an activity focused with finding new truths in the sciences.
D. It is an activity of proving or creating a theory.

2) A characteristic of quantitative research where if-then scenarios can be made to

predict future results.
A. Future Outcomes C. Objective
B. Numerical Data D. Replication
3) What characteristic involves the use of statistics to determine differences and
relationships between variables?
A. Future Outcomes C. Objective
B. Numerical Data D. Replication
4) What kind of research aims to observe, describe and document natural
phenomenon to develop a hypothesis or theory?
A. Correlational C. Evaluation
 B. Descriptive D. Experimental
5) What kind of research uses the scientific method to establish a cause-effect
relationship among a group of variables?
A. Correlational C. Evaluation
B. Descriptive D. Experimental
6) Which quantitative research design should a student researcher use to
determine the chemical components and effectiveness of a medicinal plant?
A. Correlational C. Pre-experimental
B. Evaluation D. True experimental
7) Which of the item below does NOT hold true for experimental research?
A. allows control of a situation
B. describes differences between variables
C. identifies cause and effect relationship between variables
D. offers a high internal validity between two major research designs
8) Which field or area of interest utilizes descriptive quantitative research to a
great extent?
A. Arts B. Education C. Engineering D. Medicine
9) Which research topic is most applicable to SHS students taking up Science,
Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)?
A. the most saleable items in the three groceries
B. the kind of machines used in building houses
C. the length of time people spends using Facebook
D. top 3 academic tracks chosen by incoming SHS learners
10) Which of the following can be considered as strength/s in conducting a
quantitative research?
I. Quantitative research can be costly, difficult and time-consuming.
II. Quantitative research puts emphasis on proof rather than discovery.
III. Quantitative research needs full statistical treatment in data analysis.
IV. Quantitative research is the most reliable and valid way of concluding results
due to a large number of samples.
A. I only C. III and IV
B. II and III D. IV only
V. REFLECTION
The learner in his/her notebook, journal, or portfolio will write their personal
insights about the lesson using the prompts below:
I understand that ___________________________________________.
I realize that _______________________________________________.