The Nature of Academic Texts
Structure of Academic Texts
English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Senior High School Applied - Academic
What do building blocks
signify in writing?
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 2
Learning ● Identify the structures of
Objectives paragraphs, essays, and
research papers.
At the end of the ● Construct short paragraphs and
lesson, you should be
able to do the essays.
following:
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 3
Write a
scenario about
the photo with
two other
students. Each
student should
write only one
part:
introduction,
middle, or
ending.
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 4
Why should a reader know the
Essential
essential parts of an academic
Question
text?
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 5
How does knowing the parts of a
paragraph ensure better
comprehension of the text?
6
Structures of Paragraphs
Paragraphs are a collection of sentences that
deal mostly with one topic or idea at a time.
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 7
Structures of Paragraphs
Parts of a paragraph:
● Topic sentence
● Supporting sentences
● Concluding and/or transitional sentences
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 8
Structures of Paragraphs
Topic sentence: presents the main point of
the paragraph
Supporting sentences: support the main
idea of the paragraph
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 9
Structures of Paragraphs
Transitional sentences pave the way to the
next idea in the next paragraph.
Concluding sentences close out the main
idea by summing up the main idea.
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 10
Remember
Patterns of Development of
Paragraphs
Illustration
Definition
Classification
Comparison and Contrast
Process
11
Structures of Paragraphs
Example 1
Empathy is being able to understand and share
feelings and requires a connection between two
humans. Establishing that connection means
that people should put down their phones, face
each other and build rapport with one another.
Taking those steps can make a difference.
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 12
Structures of Paragraphs
Example 2
Modern-day heroes are not the ones seen in the
movies; these are just actors who pretend to be
larger-than-life characters. The true modern-day
heroes are the people who dedicate their lives to
serve others.
These people can be doctors, nurses, engineers,
teachers, and the police. They help others to make the
world a better place.
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 13
Structures of Paragraphs
Example 3
Online marketing is the effort to disseminate information
about a business or product using the Internet. This may be
considered as an effective strategy, as almost everyone uses
the Internet for interaction.
Engaging with potential consumers online may help the
business in profits, as the channels between parties have
more potential to continue, even after transactions.
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 14
What are possible strategies
writers can use to develop
cohesive paragraphs?
15
Structure of a Three-Part Essay
A three-part essay is composed of three basic
parts:
1. Introduction
2. Body
3. Conclusion
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 16
Introduction
The introduction starts off the essay with ideas
that will be discussed in the body. The thesis
statement is usually found at the end of the
introduction, and it can act as a transitional
sentence for the body.
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 17
Introduction
● Introduces the topic
● Places the topic into context
● Provides background information
● Points out the aim of the text
● Describes how the aim will be fulfilled
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 18
Introduction
● Provides a thesis statement for the text
● Suggests what the findings are
● Explains why the topic could be considered
interesting
● Catches the readers’ interest
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 19
Body
The body is the main and most substantial part
of the entire essay which:
● Presents evidence to support the thesis
statement
● Can be broken down into parts
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 20
Body
The body should do the following:
● Present research and data
● Analyze data
● Discuss data thoroughly
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 21
Conclusion
● Restates the thesis statement
● Wraps up the essay
● Gives opportunity to evaluate the topic
● Should not present new material
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 22
Remember
The conclusion should not have
the exact same thesis statement
as the one in the introduction. It
is best to reword it in the
conclusion.
23
Structuring the Three-Part Essay
Example 1
Benedicto Cabrera, also known more famously
as BenCab, is a Filipino painter. He was deemed
as a Filipino National Artist for painting in 2006,
and is considered as one of the best-selling
painters of his time. BenCab has a museum in
Baguio, a place that inspired many of his works.
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 24
Structuring the Three-Part Essay
The BenCab museum has many of Cabrera’s
artwork in addition to his personal collection of
the works of other Filipino artists. The museum
has exhibits that display the culture of the
Cordilleras. The many displays manifest
BenCab’s talents and his appreciation for local
art.
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 25
Structuring the Three-Part Essay
With the BenCab museum situated in the
Cordilleras, it has become a site that people
can visit and experience when they visit
Baguio. The opportunity to see BenCab's
collection and work can inspire others to
appreciate Filipino art.
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 26
What strategies were used to
make the three-part essay
cohesive?
27
The Dreamcatcher
28
Structuring the Three-Part Essay
Example 2
Though almost everyone recognizes
dreamcatchers, few know the origin and its
significance in local culture. The dreamcatcher
is more than just a decorative piece. It is an
interesting object with an even more
interesting history.
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 29
Structuring the Three-Part Essay
The dreamcatcher originated from Native
North America, most specifically the Ojibwe.
There is no exact date of its invention, but it
became mainstream in the 1980s.
Traditionally, they were thought to be objects
of protection for babies and were hung over
their cradles.
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 30
Structuring the Three-Part Essay
As many people know today, it was often
believed that they could protect the dreams of
infants, as the spiderweb-like design would
"catch" the evil spirits and keep them stuck on
the dreamcatchers.
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 31
Structuring the Three-Part Essay
The dreamcatcher’s history and original
purpose are fascinating and give more value to
the object. The dreamcatcher is a decorative
piece for many people, but its origins make it
all the more impressive.
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 32
How does knowing the structure
of essays help reading
comprehension?
33
Structuring the Three-Part Essay
Example 3
Everyone has an opportunity to be an app
developer, or one who develops apps for
smartphones. Though it may seem too “techie”
for some, the possibility for app development has
become endless. There is no need to go through it
alone, as many companies are willing to help
dreamers achieve their goals.
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 34
Structuring the Three-Part Essay
App development is a profitable business, as
manifested through the various companies willing
to help out those who are interested. In the
Philippines, the names Adroit Apps, Ltd. and
Arcanys are top companies that develop apps.
These kinds of companies have specific aims for
business but share the common goal of
developing apps for people.
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 35
Structuring the Three-Part Essay
If developing apps and serving people while
making money is one goal, it is best to get in
contact and apply to app development
companies. In this day and age, this kind of job
may be beneficial for all, and the process is an
essential learning experience for professional
development.
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 36
In a nutshell . . . . .
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 37
37
Wrap Up
Knowing the structure of an essay can
help a reader comprehend the text.
Paragraph development and the
three-part essay are broken into the
following parts: introduction, body, and
conclusion.
38
Wrap Up
The structure of an academic three-part
essay is very similar the the structure of
a resesarch paper.
The IMRaD structure is broken into the
following parts: Introduction, Methods,
Results, Discussion, and Conclusion.
39
Wrap Up
Comparison of the
Structure of a Three-
part Essay and the
IMRaD of a Research
Paper
40
Some Questions to Ponder Upon
What techniques are utilized to compose
paragraphs?
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 41
Question
Some Questions to Ponder Upon
Why is it recommended to use transitional
sentences in between paragraphs for the 3-part
essay?
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 42
Thank you for listening!
English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Senior High School Applied - Academic
Bibliography
“The IMRaD Format.” Search Write, December 19, 2017.
https://sokogskriv.no/en/writing/structure-and-argumentation/the-imrad-format/.
“The Structure of Academic Texts.” Lnu.se. Accessed February 25, 2020.
https://lnu.se/en/library/Writing-and-referencing/the-structure-of-academic-texts/.
“The Structure of Academic Texts .” Karolinska Institutet Universitetsbiblioteket. Accessed
February 25, 2020.
https://kib.ki.se/en/write-cite/academic-writing/structure-academic-texts.
“Traditional Academic Essays in Three Parts.” Penn State Abington. Accessed February 25,
2020. https://abington.psu.edu/traditional-academic-essays-three-parts.
“Writing a Scientific Research Report (IMRaD).” The Writing Center. Accessed February 25, 2020.
https://writingcenter.gmu.edu/guides/writing-an-imrad-report.
44
