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Performance Analysis of Continuity Equation and Its Applications
Performance Analysis of Continuity Equation and Its Applications
Md. Towhiduzzaman
Rectangular coordinates:
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕
+ (𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣𝑥𝑥 ) + �𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣𝑦𝑦 � + (𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣𝑧𝑧 ) = 0
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
Cylindrical coordinates:
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 1 𝜕𝜕 1 𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕
+ (𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟 ) + (𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 ) + (𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣𝑧𝑧 ) = 0
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
Spherical coordinates:
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 1 𝜕𝜕 1 𝜕𝜕
+ 2 (𝜌𝜌𝑟𝑟 2 𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟 ) + (𝜌𝜌 sin 𝜃𝜃 𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 )
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 sin 𝜃𝜃 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
1 𝜕𝜕
+ �𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣𝜙𝜙 � = 0
𝑟𝑟 sin 𝜃𝜃 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
[9].
Fig. 1. A randomization for the differential and dimensional
For an incompressible flow density is a constant.
components.
Accordingly we have,
Rectangular coordinates:
The maintenance of mass for these voluminous
𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝑥𝑥 𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝑦𝑦 𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝑧𝑧
components (∆𝑉𝑉 = ∆𝑥𝑥 ∆𝑦𝑦 ∆𝑧𝑧) could be expounded vocally + + =0
as: 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
Velocity of altering of the mass in ∆𝑉𝑉 Cylindrical coordinates:
= Velocity of the mass transported into ∆𝑉𝑉 - Velocity of 1 𝜕𝜕 1 𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕
(𝑟𝑟𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟 ) + (𝑣𝑣 ) + (𝑣𝑣𝑧𝑧 ) = 0
mass transported out of ∆𝑉𝑉. 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜃𝜃 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
Spherical coordinates:
Articulation of mathematics is like this:
1 𝜕𝜕 2 1 𝜕𝜕 1 𝜕𝜕
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 (𝑟𝑟 𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟 ) + (sin 𝜃𝜃 𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 ) + (𝑣𝑣 ) = 0
∆𝑥𝑥 ∆𝑦𝑦 ∆𝑧𝑧 = ∆𝑦𝑦 ∆𝑧𝑧[(𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣𝑥𝑥 )|𝑥𝑥 − (𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣𝑥𝑥 )|𝑥𝑥+∆𝑥𝑥 ] 𝑟𝑟 2 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 sin 𝜃𝜃 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 sin 𝜃𝜃 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜙𝜙
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
+ ∆𝑥𝑥 ∆𝑧𝑧��𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣𝑦𝑦 �|𝑦𝑦 − �𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣𝑦𝑦 �|𝑦𝑦+∆𝑦𝑦 �
+ ∆𝑥𝑥 ∆𝑦𝑦[(𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣𝑧𝑧 )|𝑧𝑧 − (𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣𝑧𝑧 )|𝑧𝑧+∆𝑧𝑧 ] III. APPLICATION OF CONTINUITY EQUATION
The common applications of continuity equation are used
Here the symbol ρ is the fluid density in ∆𝑉𝑉. Separating
in pipes, tubes and ducts with flowing fluids or gases, rivers,
each side of the matching by ∆𝑉𝑉, carrying the lim , and
∆𝑣𝑣→0 overall procedure as diaries, power plants, roads, logistics in
citing the explanation of the partial imitative direct to: general, computer networks and semiconductor technologies
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 and some other fields.
= − � (𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣𝑥𝑥 ) + �𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣𝑦𝑦 � + (𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣𝑧𝑧 )�
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
This can be uttered in a concise manner as: A. Continuity equation on tap
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 Now, we can have a reflection on a small chunk of
= −∇. (𝜌𝜌𝑉𝑉)
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 running fluid streaming at speed 𝑣𝑣. In some short intervals
Here, V is the rate vector and ∇ is the ‘inclination’ of symbolized by Δ𝑡𝑡, this chunk travels a distance that is
mechanism. In rectangular combinations, it is noteworthy symbolized as 𝑑𝑑 = 𝑣𝑣 Δ𝑡𝑡. The dimensions of fluid have
here that: flowed while this point is referred as 𝑉𝑉 = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴Δ𝑡𝑡, and
𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 A is the crossed-fragmental area. The accumulation for this
∇= 𝚤𝚤̂ + 𝚥𝚥̂ + 𝑘𝑘�
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 chunk that relates to the fluid is:
Statement
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
= −∇. �𝜌𝜌𝑉𝑉� is the changing form of the Δ𝑚𝑚 = 𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌 = 𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌Δ𝑡𝑡
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 So, the mass rate of this flow is,
continuity equation. A reshuffle of any statement directs to Δ𝑚𝑚
the corresponding term: = 𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 Δ𝑡𝑡
= −𝜌𝜌(∇. 𝑉𝑉)
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 Now, regarding the fluid flow, there creates a steady state
𝐷𝐷
This time, the considerable derivation is labeled as: which means that the mass is not comprised or reduced.
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
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EJERS, European Journal of Engineering Research and Science
Vol. 1, No. 5, November 2016
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EJERS, European Journal of Engineering Research and Science
Vol. 1, No. 5, November 2016
REFERENCES
[1] Geetam Tiwari etal., “Continuity equation validation for non
homogeneous traffic”, Journal of Transportation Engineering, vol.
134, no. 3, pp. 118-127, 2008.
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