Chapter 7

FIRST TRIPS ABROAD (1882-1887)

May 3, 1882 - Rizal left the Philippines for the first time
He boarded Salvaclora using a passport of Jose Mercado which was
procured for him by his uncle Antonio Rivera.His first trip abroad was
bound for Spain.
https://bshmjoserizal.weebly.com/our-hero-jose-rizal/chapter-six-rizals-
trips-abroad-and-homecomings

Jose Rizal continues his studies abroad because the educational system
abroad was far more better than that of his own country, the Philippines.
Abroad, he will have more chances of learning and adapting better
education so that when he comes back in his own country, the knowledge
he gained can be used to help his country men.

https://www.answers.com/Q/Why_did_rizal_study_in_abroad

DEPARTURE IN EUROPEAN SOIL

SPAIN
 Aside from studying in Spain he was on a secret mission.
This mission was to observe keenly the life and culture,
languages and customs, industries and commerce, and
government and laws of the European nations in order
to prepare himself in the great task of liberating his
oppressed people from the Spanish tyranny. The course
to Spain is the start of Rizal’s travels.
 Rizal’s departure for Spain was kept secret to avoid
detection by the Spain authorities and the friars
 Jose Mercado – Rizal used this name; a cousin from
Biñan
 May 3, 1882 – Rizal departed on board the Spanish
streamer Salvadora bound for Singapore

BARCELONA
• Afternoon of May 15, 1882 – Rizal left Merseilles by train
for the last lap of his trip to Spain
• Rizal crossed the Pyreness and stopped for a day at the
frontier town of Port Bou
• June 16, 1882 – Rizal finally reached his destination –
BARCELONA

• Rizal’s first impression of Barcelona, the greatest city of

Cataluña and Spain’s second largest city was unfavorable
• Las Ramblas – the most famous street in Barcelona
• Amor Patrio (Love of Country) – nationalistic essay, Rizal’s
first article written on Spain’s soil
• Under his pen-name Laong Laan, appeared in print in
Diariong Tagalog on August 20, 1882
• It was published in two texts – Spanish and Tagalog – the
Spanish text was the one originally written by Rizal in
Barcelona, the tagalog text was a Tagalog translation made
by M.H. del Pilar
• Basilio Teodoro Moran – a friend of Rizal in Manila and
the publisher of Diariong Tagalog where Rizal sent this
article
• Diariong Tagalog – the first Manila bilingual newspaper
(Spanish and Tagalog)
• Los Viajes (Travels) – Rizal’s second article for Diariong
Tagalog
• Rizal received sad news about the cholera that was
ravaging Manila and the provinces according to Paciano’s
letter, dated September 15, 1882
• Another sad news from the Philippines was the chatty
letter of Chengoy recounting the unhappiness of Leonor
Rivera
• In one of his letters (dated May 26, 1882) Paciano advised
his younger brother to finish the medical course in Madrid
• Rizal left Barcelona in the fall of 1882 established himself
in Madrid, the capital of Spain.

https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/polytechnic-university-of-the-
philippines/bachelor-of-science-in-accountancy/lecture-notes/europe-1st-
and-2nd-homecoming/6223783/view

LIFE IN MADRID
• November 3, 1882 – Rizal enrolled In the Universidad
Central de Madrid (Central University of Madrid) in two
courses – Medicine and Philosophy and Letters
• Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando – Rizal studied
painting and sculpture
• Rizal’s only extravagance was investing a few pesetas for a
lottery ticket in every draw of the Madrid Lottery
• Rizal spent his leisure time reading and writing at his
boarding house, attending the reunions of Filipino students
at the house of the Paterno brothers (Antonio, Maximo and
Pedro) and practicing fencing and shooting at the
gymnasium
• Antigua Café de Levante – during the summer twilights,
this is where Rizal sipped coffee and fraternized with the
students from Cuba, Mexico, Argentina etc
• On Saturday evenings, Rizal would visit the home of Don
Pablo Ortiga y Rey (former city mayor of Manila) who now
lived in Madrid with his son (Rafael) and daughter
(Consuelo).
• Circulo Hispano-Filipino (Hispano-Philippine Circle)- a
society of Spaniards and Filipinos which Rizal joined shortly
after his arrival in Madrid in 1882
• Me Piden Versos (They Ask Me For Verses)- upon the
request of the members of this society, Rizal wrote this
poem which he personally declaimed during the New Year’s
Eve reception of the Madrid Filipinos held in the evening of
December 31, 1882
• In this sad poem, Rizal poured out the cry of his agonizing
heart
• Rizal economized on his living expenses, and with the
money he saved, he purchased books from a second- hand
book store owned by a certain Señor Roses
• Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Eugene Sue’s The
Wandering Jew - these two books aroused Rizal’s sympathy
for the oppressed and unfortunate people
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/polytechnic-university-of-the-
philippines/bachelor-of-science-in-accountancy/lecture-notes/europe-1st-
and-2nd-homecoming/6223783/view

Novel: Noli Me Tangere by José Rizal. First Published in Berlin, Germany

1887
Noli Me Tangere is a novel by Filipino polymath José Rizal and first
published in 1887 in Berlin, Germany. Early English translations used titles
like An Eagle Flight and The Social Cancer, but more recent translations
have been published using the original Latin title.
Though originally written in Spanish, it is more commonly published and
read in the Philippines in either English or Filipino. Together with its sequel
(El Filibusterismo), the reading of Noli is obligatory for high school students
all throughout the archipelago.
References for the novel
Jose Rizal, a Filipino nationalist and medical doctor, conceived the idea of
writing a novel that would expose the ills of Philippine society after reading
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin. He preferred that the
prospective novel express the way Filipino culture was backward, anti-
progress, anti-intellectual, and not conducive to the ideas of the Age of
Enlightenment. He was then a student of medicine in the Universidad
Central de Madrid.
In a reunion of Filipinos at the house of his friend Pedro A. Paterno in
Madrid on 2 January 1884, Rizal proposed the writing of a novel about the
Philippines written by a group of Filipinos. His proposal was unanimously
approved by the Filipinos present at the party, among whom were Pedro,
Maximino and Antonio Paterno, Graciano López Jaena, Evaristo Aguirre,
Eduardo de Lete, Julio Llorente and Valentin Ventura. However, this project
did not materialize. The people who agreed to help Rizal with the novel did
not write anything. Initially, the novel was planned to cover and describe all
phases of Filipino life, but almost everybody wanted to write about women.
Rizal even saw his companions spend more time gambling and flirting with
Spanish women. Because of this, he pulled out of the plan of co-writing
with others and decided to draft the novel alone.
http://mandirigma.org/?p=673

DR. MAXIMO S. VIOLA THE MAN WHO FIRST READ THE NOLI ME
TANGERE
They said friends are rare like a fountain of gold, subject to
safekeeping because it is so precious that we would not want to lose them.
A true friend is someone who will be there for you to lend a helping hand
when you needed him most, trust you when everyone turn their backs on
you, and love you for what you are and not what you have- these are the
prime characteristics of a real friendship as friendship knows no border.
Once upon a time, a struggling patriotic man named Jose Rizal
developed friendship with a kind doctor whose name was Maximo S. Viola
who would later become the patron of Rizal’s first novel- the Noli Me
Tangere. Dr. Viola was born on October 17, 1857 in Sta. Rita, San Miguel,
Bulacan to parents Pedro Viola and Isabel Sison. Just like Rizal, he was an
alumnus of the University of Santo Tomas where he finished pre-medical
studies. He sailed to Spain, where he earned a degree in medicine at the
University of Barcelona in 1882. He met Dr. Jose Rizal in Barcelona, who
was likewise actively involved in the Propaganda Movement, and who
would later become his friend. He accepted Rizal’s invitation to join him on
a tour of Europe, particularly Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Switzerland,
from May to June 1887. Rizal was at that time worried with his financial
inability to publish the Noli Me Tangere and even considering aborting his
plan of publishing the novel by destroying the manuscript. Noli Me Tangere
is a vanguard of Filipino nationalism in the form of a novel which invokes
equal rights for the Filipinos in order to get back their self-confidence. The
novel brings to light the social woes in the country during Rizal’s time and
come up with appropriate reform to various sectors of the society such as
the education of the people, assimilation of Western culture, and
appreciation of their native traditions. Convinced with the worth of the
novel and its purpose, Viola funded the cost of the publication himself, an
initial 2000 copies of the novel were printed in 1887. In deep gratitude,
Rizal gave him the galley proofs and the first published copy.
In 1887, Dr. Viola decided to go back to his homeland to practice
medicine and it’s really destiny that he would find Juana Roura, whom he
married in 1890. Her wife bore him five sons, but two of them died as
infants. He had a reunion with Rizal when he invited him for a visit in
Manila, in the latter part of June 1892. The meeting was brief for the two
friends for Rizal had to be at Malacañang Palace, to confer with Governor
General Despujol on his political activities. Dr. Viola, who was then also
under suspicion of engaging in subversive activities, could not stay long in
Manila.
Viola became a dissident and was frequently harassed by the Spanish
authorities which persisted until the revolution. When the Americans
arrived, his fellow countrymen became fascinated with what the Americans
could offer- their benevolent assimilation policy. As a nationalist, he refused
to succumb to the new power which resulted with his incarceration, initially
to a Manila military prison and, later, was transferred to Olongapo. He was
released with the help of Dr. Fresnell, an American doctor who sought his
help because he was not knowledgeable about tropical diseases.
He had a soft heart for the masses and their sad plight. Viola, who
served as president of the Liga de Proprietarios, supported the owners of
rice lands in San Miguel, Bulacan in opposing politicians who were courting
the tenants’ votes at the expense of the landlords. When the Manila
Railroad line was being extended to Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija, Viola
likewise fearlessly led the concerned landowners in preventing the
prestigious British Company from taking over their land without appropriate
reparations. Apart from his civic works, he used his profession to help treat
his indigent patients for free.
Memories of his friendship with Rizal left an indelible mark in his heart
that would later be put in writing through his memoirs in three parts in the
Spanish newspaper El Ideal, which came out on June 18, 19 and 20, 1913.
On September 3, 1933, Dr. Viola, aged 76, died in Barrio San Jose in his
hometown.
Although not acknowledged in the book, Dr. Maximo S. Viola will
constantly be remembered as the man who saved the Noli Me Tangere for
posterity. More than that, he served the Filipino people by supporting Dr.
Jose Rizal in his advocacy for nationalism, which inspired the Philippine
Revolution.
http://nhcp.gov.ph/dr-maximo-s-viola-the-man-who-first-read-the-noli-me-
tangere/

Rizal’s Grand Tour in Europe with Maximo Viola:

Rizal’s Grand Tour in Europe with Maximo Viola

After the publication of the Noli Me Tangere, Rizal had received remittance
from Paciano worth P1,000.00 which was forwarded by Juan Luna from
Paris. Rizal immediately paid Viola P300.00 that he used to published the
novel.

The TOUR:
The TOUR

Potsdam:
Potsdam Near Berlin It became famous because of Frederick the Great -
skillfully employed the limited Prussian resources to make his kingdom the
most powerful German state during the seven Years War. Viola and Rizal
left Berlin by train.

Dresden:
Dresden Where they visited the Regional Flower Exposition. Rizal –
interested in Botany, studied the variety of plants. Dr. Adolph Meyer – was
visited by the two physicians. They visited the Museum or Art where Rizal
became deeply impressed by the painting Prometheus Bound. Prometheus
– a Titan punished by Zeus for giving fire to mankind.

Feodor Jagor – was also visited by Rizal and Viola. Was informed of the
two physicians plan to visit Blumentritt Warned Rizal to inform Blumentritt
first because he might suffer a nervous breakdown because of shock.
Teschen (Decin) – found in Czech Republic Stop over
Leitmeritz, Austria:
Leitmeritz, Austria Now known as Litomeritce in Czech Republic. Where
Ferdinand Blumentritt lived. Rizal and Viola stayed in this place from May
13-16,1887.

Ferdinand Blumentritt – waited for Rizal and Viola in the train station
carrying with him a sketch of Rizal.

Hotel Krebs – where Rizal and Viola stayed while they were in Leitmeritz.

Rizal enjoyed the warm hospitality of Blumentritt’s family. Rosa –

Blumentritt’s wife was a good cook Dolores (Dora, Dorita ), Conrad and
Fritz – were nice to them. Ferdinand – a great tourist guide and a
hospitable host. Offered the best beer in Bohemia to his guests Introduced
Rizal to the town Mayor who was impressed in his communication skills.

Tourists’ Club of Leitmeritz – a group where Blumentritt was the secretary.

Rizal spoke extemporaneously in fluent German praising Austria’s idyllic
scenes and hospitable, nature loving and noble people. He was willfully
applauded. Dr. Carlos Czepalak – a renowned scientist Professor Robert
Klutschak – a eminent naturalist. Both were introduced by Blumentritt to
Rizal

Rizal painted Blumentritt as a sign of his gratitude

Prague:
Prague Viola and Rizal carried with them a recommendation from
Blumentritt address to Dr. Welkomm – professor of natural history in the
University of Prague. He accompanied the two physicians in visiting the
historic places

Tomb of Nicolaus Copernicus – famous astronomer Museum of Natural

History Bacteriological Laboratories Cave where San Juan Nepomuceno,
the Catholic saint was imprisoned as well as the bridge where he was
hurled into the river.

Vienna:
Vienna Capital of Austria-Hungary Rizal and Viola spent four days in this
city visiting the buildings and examining holy images and statues.

Queen of Danube Norfenfals – one of the greatest novelists in Europe

during Rizal’s time was met by Rizal through Blumentritt. Diamond stickpin
– lost by Rizal in Hotel Krebs, given by the maid to Blumentritt. They
stayed in Hotel Metropole

Danubian Voyage to Linz:

Danubian Voyage to Linz Rizal and Viola left Vienna via boat to see the
beautiful sights of the Danube River. They noticed that passengers were
using paper napkins during the meals instead of a cloth napkin.

From Linz to Rheinfall:

From Linz to Rheinfall They left Austria from Salzburg, where Wolfgang
Amadeus Mozart was born. They re-entered Germany. Munich – where
they stayed for a short-time to drink the Munich Beer (the best in
Germany). Nuremburg – one of the oldest cities in Germany Where they
saw the horrible machines used in the Inquisition The two were impressed
by the manufacture of dolls which was the city’s biggest industry.

Ulm – where the largest and tallest Cathedral in Germany. From here they
went to Stuttgart, Baden, and in Rheinfall – were they saw the most
beautiful waterfall in Europe.

Switzerland:
Switzerland From Rheinfall to Schaffhausen, Switzerland, Here they visited
Basel (Bale), Bern, and Lausanne.

Geneva:
Geneva One of the most beautiful cities in Europe visited by tourists every
year. He spent 15 days in this place Rizal spent his 26 th birthday Viola
returned to Barcelona from Geneva Rizal continued his tour to Italy.

Exhibition of Igorots in 1887 Madrid Exposition:

Exhibition of Igorots in 1887 Madrid Exposition In Geneva, Rizal and Viola
received news from Madrid about the deplorable conditions of the primitive
Igorots who were exhibited in the exhibition. Some of whom died, and
whose scanty clothing (G strings) and crude weapons were objects of
mockery and laughter by the Spaniards. Rizal was outraged by the
degradation of his fellow countrymen.

Italy :
Italy In this place Rizal visited Turin, Venice an Florence. June 27, 1887 –
he reached Rome “The Eternal City and the City of Ceasars”

Vatican:
Vatican June 29, 1887 – Feast day of Saints Peter and Paul. He visited the
Vatican – the city of the popes and the capital of Christendom.
 The grandeur of Rome was something that Rizal did not fail to appreciate
in his sojourn in Italy. After a week of travel in Rome, he prepared for his
homecoming to the Philippines.
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/HannaCanono-3272021-rizal-
grand-tour-europe-maximo-viola/

SUMMARY OF THE CHAPTER

RIZAL’S FIRST TRIP ABROAD

 3 May 1882
Rizal left Philippines for the first time Spain. He boarded the Salvadora
using a passport of Jose Mercado, which was procured for him by his
uncle Antonio Rivera, father of Leonor Rivera. He was accompanied to
the quay where the Salvadora was moored by his uncle Antonio,
Vicente Gella, and Mateo Evangelista.
 15 June 1882
He left Marseilles for Barcelona in an express train.

Rizal in Barcelona, Spain

 20 August 1882
His article "Amor Patrio" was published in the Diarong Tagalog, a
Manila newspaper edited by Basilio Teodoro. This was the First article
he wrote abroad.

Rizal in Madrid, Spain

 2 September 1882
Rizal matriculated at the Universidad Central de Madrid. He took the
following subjects: medical clinic, surgical clinic, legal medicine and
obstetrical clinic.
 4 October 1882
Asked to deliver a poem by the members of Circulo Hispano-Filipino,
there together in the effort to save the association from disintegration,
Rizal recited "Me piden versus." The meeting was held at the house of
Pablo Ortiga y Rey.
 2 November 1882
He wrote the article "Revista de Madrid" which was in intended for
publication in the Diarong Tagalog in Manila, but was not published
because the newspaper stops its circulation.
 7 November 1882
Rizal wrote an article entitled "Las Dudas". The article was signed
Laong - Laan.
Novel: Noli Me Tangere by José Rizal. First Published in Berlin, Germany
1887
Noli Me Tangere is a novel by Filipino polymath José Rizal and first
published in 1887 in Berlin, Germany. Early English translations used titles
like An Eagle Flight and The Social Cancer, but more recent translations
have been published using the original Latin title.
WORKSHEET NO. 7
Activity No.1
1. Comment on the position that Rizal was not happy at UST, which was
the reason why he continued to be connected with Ateneo. Based from the
topic of this chapter, do you agree with the statement?

2. Compare the grades of Rizal in Ateneo and UST. State your

observations and comments on the difference of Rizal’s two sets of grades.

3. Give your own view of Rizal, when he complained to Governor General

Primo de Rivera on the brutality inflicted to him by a Spanish Civil Guard.
Did such incident plant a seed of hate to the young Jose Rizal against the
Spanish government in the Philippines. Explain your answer.

4. Explain the term prejudice and how Rizal suffered from such bias as a
student in UST and in the competitions he participated.

5. What was the significance of Rizal’s triumph in several prestigious

literary competitions of that time?
Chapter 8
First Homecoming
(1887-1888)
Rizal’s plans of coming back home
• As early as 1884, Rizal wanted to go back to the Philippines
for the following reasons:
• – Financial difficulties in Calamba
• – Desire to prove that there is no reason to fear going home.
• – His belief that the Spanish regime will not punish the
innocent.
Decision to return home
• After five years of his memorable sojourn in Europe, Rizal returned to
the Philippines.
• However, Rizal was warned by the following not to return to the
Philippines because his Noli Me Tangere angered the friars:
Paciano Mercado – Rizal’s adviser and only brother.
Silvestre Ubaldo – Rizal’s brother in law; husband of Olimpia.
Jose Ma. Cecilio (Chenggoy) – one of Rizal’s closest friends.
• Rizal was determined to come back to the
Philippines for the following reasons:
– To operate his mother’s eyes
– To serve his people who had long been oppressed by Spanish
tyrants.
– To find out for himself how the Noli Me Tangere and his other
writings were affecting Filipinos and Spaniards.
– To inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent.

Rizal arrives in Manila

• Rizal left Rome by train to Marseilles, a French port and boarded

Djemnah, the same steamer that brought him to Europe five years ago.
• There were 50 passengers: 4 Englishmen, 2 Germans, 3 Chinese, 2
Japanese, 40 Frenchmen, and 1 Filipino (Rizal)
• In Saigon (Ho Chi Minh), Vietnam – he transferred to another steamer,
Haiphong, that brought him to Manila.

Happy Homecoming
• When Rizal arrived in Calamba, rumors spread that he was a:
– German spy
– An agent of Otto Von Bismarck – the liberator of Germany.
– A Protestant
– A Mason
– A soul halfway to damnation

In Calamba
• Rizal established a medical clinic.
• Doña Teodora – was Rizal’s first patient
Doctor Uliman – Rizal was called this name because he came from
Germany.
• Gymnasium – was opened by Rizal for the young people.
• He introduced European sports fencing and shooting to discourage them
from cockfighting and gambling.

Sad Moments in Calamba

Leonor Rivera – Rizal tried to visit her in Tarlac but his parents forbade
him to go because
Leonor’s mother did not like him for a son-in-law.
Olimpia Mercado-Ubaldo – died because of child birth.

Storm over Noli Me Tangere

• Governor General Emilio Terrero – wrote to Rizal requesting to come to
Malacañang Palace.
– Somebody had whispered to his ear that the Noli contains subversive
ideas.
– Rizal explained to him that he merely exposed the truth, but did not
advocate subversive ideas.
– He was pleased by Rizal’s explanation and curious about the book, he
asked for a copy of the novel.

Rizal revisited the Jesuits

• Rizal visited the Jesuit fathers to ask for their feedback on the novel.
• He was gladly welcomed by the following friars:
– Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez
– Fr. Jose Bech
– Fr. Federico Faura – told Rizal that everything in the novel was the truth
and warned him that he may lose his head because of it.

Jose Taviel de Andrade

 • A young Spanish lieutenant who came from a noble family
• He was cultured and knew painting
• He could speak French, English and Spanish.
http://rizalisthename.blogspot.com/2014/07/first-homecoming-1887-1888-
rizals-plans.html

Attackers of the Noli

• Archbishop Pedro Payo
– a Dominican
– Archbishop of Manila
– Sent a copy of the Noli to Fr. Gregorio Echavarria, Rector of the
University of Santo Tomas to examine the novel.
• Governor-General Terrero – was not satisfied with the report of the
Dominicans so he sent the novel to the Permanent Commission of
Censorship which was composed of priests and lawyers.
• Fr. Salvador Font – Augustinian friar curate of Tondo was the head of the
commission.
– The group found that the novel contain subversive ideas against the
Church and Spain and recommended that the importation, reproduction
and circulation of the pernicious book in the islands be absolutely
prohibited.
• The newspaper published Font’s written report
• The banning of the Noli Me Tangere served to make it popular
• The masses supported the book.
• Fr. Jose Rodriguez – Augustinian Prior of Guadalupe
– Published a series of eight pamphlets under the heading Questions of
Supreme Interest to blast the Noli and other anti-Spanish writings.
– Copies of anti-Rizal pamphlets were sold after Mass.
– Many Filipinos were forced to buy them in order not to displease the
friars.
• The novel was fiercely attacked in the session hall of the Senate of the
Spanish Cortes.
• Senators:
– General Jose de Salamanca
– General Luis de Pando
– Sr. Fernando Vida
• Vicente Barantes – Spanish academician of
Madrid who formerly occupied high government position in the Philippines
bitterly criticized the novel in an article published in the Madrid newspaper,
La España Moderna
http://rizalisthename.blogspot.com/2014/07/first-homecoming-1887-1888-
rizals-plans.html
Meeting With Governor-General Despujol

July 6, 1892
Rizal held the last interview with the Governor-General. The governor-
general confronted him for anti-friar bills supposedly found in the baggages
of his sister Lucia. He was ordered imprisoned in Fort Santiago
Rizal went to Malacanang to resume his series of interviews with governor
general. The governor general showed some printed leaflets were entitled
Pobres Frailes(Poor Friars). Rizal denied having those leaflets. Despite his
denial and insistent demand for investigation. He was placed under arrest
and escorted to Fort Santiago by Ramon Despujol the nephew and aide of
Governor General.

- After his brief interview with the governor general, he visited his sisters in
the city – first Narcisa (Sisa, wife of Antonio Lopez) and later Neneng
(Saturnina, wife of Manuel T. Hidalgo).
https://prezi.com/jyj-g2szr_2t/meeting-with-governor-general-despujol/

Rizal returned to Manila in August 1887, after five years in Europe.

However, his homecoming was met by the friars’ furor over Noli Me
Tangere. The Archbishop of Manila issued an order banning the
possession and reading of the novel, an order that was later reinforced by
the governor-general. Six months later, pressured by the Spanish
authorities as well as by his family and friends to leave the country and
avoid further persecution, Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong.

From Hong Kong, Rizal traveled to Macau and Japan before going to
America. Entering San Francisco, California, in April 1888, he visited the
states of Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Nebraska, Illinois, and New York. He
jotted down his observations of the landscape in his diary.

Rizal arrived in England in May 1888. In August, he was admitted to the

British Museum, where he copied Antonio de Morga’s massive study of the
Philippines, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, which Rizal later annotated for
publication “as a gift to the Filipinos.” In the museum he devoted his time
reading all the sources on Philippine history that he could find. He kept up
his correspondence with various people, including his family, who were
being oppressed by the Spanish religious landowners; the Filipino patriots
in Spain; and his Austrian friend, Ferdinand Blumentritt, with whom he
planned to form an association of Philippine scholars. From 1888 to 1890
he shuttled between London and Paris, where he wrote ethnographic and
history-related studies, as well as political articles. He also frequently
visited Spain, where he met with fellow Filipino intellectuals like Marcelo H.
del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, and Graciano Lopez-Jaena.

In March 1891, Rizal finished writing his second novel, El Filibusterismo, in

France. He planned to publish the book in Belgium, but was financially
hard up. His brother’s support from back home was delayed in coming,
and he was scrimping on meals and expenses. Finally, in September 1890,
El Filibusterismo was published in Ghent using donations from Rizal’s
friends.

Meanwhile, a rivalry had ensued between Rizal and del Pilar over the
leadership of the Asociación Hispano Filipino in Spain. Rizal decided to
leave Europe to avoid the worsening rift between the Rizalistas and
Pilaristas, and to help maintain unity among Filipino expatriates. After
staying for some time in Hong Kong, where he practiced medicine and
planned to build a “New Calamba” by relocating landless Filipinos to
Borneo, Rizal came home to the Philippines in June 1892.
https://www.filipinaslibrary.org.ph/articles/the-travels-of-rizal/

SUMMARY OF THE CHAPTER

TINAMAD NA KO!!!!!!!!!!
WORKSHEET NO.8
Vocabulary Building
Ophthalmology Brindis
Anthropological Society Sobresaliente
Aprobado Bueno

Activity No.1
1. Why did Rizal’s Mother object to her son’s further education? Was she
justified? Explain.

2. How did his voyage to Europe chang Rizal?

3. What was his initial impressions of Barcelona?

4. Why did Paciano decide to keep Rizal’s trip to Europe a secret?