GROUP 2

JOSE RIZAL HIGHER

EDUCATION
 RIZAL'S EDUCATION IN MANILA
1872-1882

 Rizal’s early education in Manila was

primarily rooted in Spanish and Catholic
influences.

 He attended the Ateneo Municipal de Manila,

where he received a solid foundation in
various subjects, including Latin and Spanish.

 Later he persued higher education at the

university of Santo Tomas (UST) but faced
discrimination due to his Filipino heritage.
 RIZAL’S FIRST TRAVEL ABROAD 1882-1887

 Rizal’s first departure for Europe in 1882

was motivated by his desire for higher
education and mission to advocate for
reforms in the Philippines.

 He left secretly, partly to avoid potential

reprisals against his family, especially his
brother Paciano, who was involved in the
reform movement.
 HIGHER EDUCATION

 In Spain, Rizal continued his studies, initially at the

Universidad Central de Madrid and later at the
Universidad de Barcelona.

 He excelled in the multiple fields, including medicine,

philosophy, literature , and the sciences.
 PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
 Rizal become a prominent figure in the Propanda
Movement, a group of Filipino reformists living in
Europe.

 Through his writings and advocacy, he sought to

raise awareness about the injustices and abuses
of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines.

 Rizal’s involvement in the Propaganda Movement

was pivotal in fostering a sense of nationalism
and inspiring calls for change among Filipinos.
 RIZAL’S SPECIALIZATION IN MEDICINE AND
HIS OTHER ACHIEVEMENTS;
 While persuing higher education, Rizal specialized in
ophthalmology, becoming a skilled eye surgeon.

 In addition to his medical achievements, he excelled as

a writer, artist, and intellectual. His talents and
accomplishments made him a multifaceted nationalist.

 Rizal’s writing’s, including novels, essays, and poetry,

played a significant role in advocating for reform and
awakening the Filipino spirit.
 PUBLICATION OF NOLI ME TANGERE
 The inspiration of Jose Rizal in  On January 2, 1884, Rizal
the preparation of the novel Noli proposed the writing of the novel
me Tangere was the book of about the Philippines by a group
Harriet Beecher Stowe: Uncle of Filipinos.
Toms Cabin.
 His proposal was unanimously
 The book portrays the brutalities approved by those present:
of American Slave-owners and the Paternos ( Pedro, Maximino, and
pathetic conditions of the Negro Antonio), Graciano Lopez Jaena,
slaves. Evaristo Aguirre, Eduardo De
Lete, Julio Llorente, Melecio
 THUS, he was inspired to write a Gifueroa and Valentin Ventura.
book that will depict the miseries
of his people in Philippines under  February 21, 1887 – Noli was
the lash of the Spanish finally finished and ready for
brutalities. printing.
 TRAVELS ABROAD
 Rizal travels were not limited to Europe. He
also visited the United States and other
countries, broadening his understanding of
different cultures and governance systems.

 This experiences enriched his perspectives

and allowed him to draw parallels between
the struggles of various nations for self-
determination.
 PUBLICATION OF EL FILIBUSTERISMO
 Rizal took 3 years to write his second novel.
 Rizal began writing El Filibusterismo in October 1887 while he
was in Calamba.
 In London ( 1888 ), he revised the plot and some chapters. Rizal
continued to work on his manuscript in Paris, Madrid, and
Biarritz.
 March 29, 1891- He finished the manuscript in Biarritz.
 September 18, 1891- the novel was published in Ghent, partially
funded by Rizal’s friend Valentina Ventura. Rizal immediately
sent on this date two printed copies to Hong Kong – one for
Basa and other for Sixto Lopez.
 Rizal gratefully donated the original manuscript and an
autograph printed copy to Valentina Ventura.
 Rizal First
Travel Abroad
 Without his parent consent, Rizal decided to study in Europe with Paciano’s
35 peso monthly allowance (May 3,1882)

 Had a stop in Singapore with the steamer, SS Salvador

 On a letter of Rizal to his brother Paciano, he mentioned that had another

important reason for deciding to study in Europe as he called as his “secret
mission”.He revealed that this secret was to observe carefully the life and
culture ,languages and customs,industries and business,and the government
laws of the European nations.
Persons who knew the secret departure of Rizal:

Paciano Rizal
Antonio Rivera
Saturina Rizal
Lucia Rizal
Capt.Juan Valenzuela
Sanday Valenzuela
Pedro Paterno
Mateo Evanngelista
Ateneo Jesuit Fathers
Jose M. Cecilio
• During the voyage to Singapore, the ship captain Donato Lecha
from Spain be friended him.

• In order to fight the boredom, Rizal played chess with his fellow
passengers who defeated by him.

• He landed in Singpore and registered at Hotel de la Paz.He spent

two days on sightseeing the country’s Botanical Garden, Buddhist
Templates and Statue of Sir Thomas Stanford Raffles.

• Rizal was transferred in French steamer SS Djemmah with French

speaking passengers to leave on May 11 and reached Ceylon (Sri
Lanka) particularly in Point Galle on May 17 and further,Colombo
its Capital.
 Upon his journey, he crossed Indian Ocean, Cape of Guardafui in Africa
(“inhospitable but famous”) and had a stopover in the hot city of
Aden,Yemen and saw camels.

 After several weeks, he docked at Port Said, the Mediterranean terminal of

the Suez Canal where he went sightseeing
• On June 11, Rizal reached Naples,Italy and saw Mt. Vesuvius and Castle of
St. Elmo.

• He went to Marseilles,France and visited the Chateau d’ If, before the he

travelled a train to reached Barcelona, Spain in June 1882
Triumphs and Experiences
RETIREMENT FROM THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
•April 1891, Rizal was back to Brussels where he became busy revising and polishing
the manuscript of El Filibusterismo.
•Rizal retired from the Propaganda Movement. He notified the Propaganda authorities in
Manila to cancel his monthly allowance and devote the money to some better cause,
such as the education of a young Filipino student in Europe. He desired to publish his
second novel, to practice his medical profession, and later when he became financially
independent, he expected to make a more vigorous campaign for his country’s
redemption.
•Simultaneously with his retirement from the Propaganda Movement, Rizal ceased
writing articles for La Solidaridad. Many of his friends in Spain urged him to continue
writing because his articles always attracted considerable attention in European
countries.
•M.H. Del Pilar himself realized the need for Rizal’s collaboration in both the Propaganda
Movement and in the La Solidaridad newspaper because the enthusiasm

for the reform crusade was declining. He wrote to Rizal begging for forgiveness for any resentment
and requesting him to resume writing for the La Solidaridad.
•Rizal replied to Del Pilar’s letter, he wrote denying any resentment and explaining why he stopped
writing. Below are reasons why Rizal stopped writing for La Solidaridad:
a) Rizal need to work on his book ;
b) He wanted other Filipinos to work also;
c) Rizal considered it very important to the party that there be unity in the work ;
d) Marcelo H. Del Pilar is already at the top and Rizal also have his own ideas it is better to leave
del Pilar alone to direct the policy
THE PRINTING OF THE EL FILIBUSTERISMO
•July 5, 1891- Rizal left Brussels for Ghent, a famous university city in Belgium because the
cost of printing in Ghent was cheaper than in Brussels. F. Meyer-Van Loo Press-a printing
shop that give Rizal the lowest quotation for the publication of his novel.
•August 6, 1891-the printing of his book had to be suspended because Rizal could no longer
give the necessary funds to the printer. Valentin Ventura- the savior of the Fili, when he
learned of Rizal’s predicament he sent him the necessary funds.
•September 18, 1891- El Filibusterismo came off the press. Rizal gratefully donated the
original manuscript and an autographed printed copy to Valentin Ventura
9- RIZAL’S GREAT LOVES
1) Second Love: Leonor Valenzuela (1878)
Leonor “Orang” Valenzuela, Rizal’s second object of affection, is literally the girl-next-
door. They met when Rizal was a sophomore medical student at the University of Santo
Tomas, during which time he also lived at Doña Concha Leyva’s boarding house in
Intramuros, Manila. Orang, who was then 14 years old, was his neighbour. During the
courtship, Rizal was said to have sent Leonor private and secret love letters, which he wrote
using invisible ink made with water and salt—he was adept in chemistry, too. To read the
letters, Orang had to heat the letter over a candle or a lamp. Rizal also frequented the
Valenzuelas’ home, which was a hang out place of the students in the area. There are,
however, documents that may serve as proof that Rizal’s efforts were not effective. Some
accounts say he was courting Leonor Valenzuela and his second cousin
Leonor Rivera at the same time—thus the need for invisible letters. (Still, we need to appreciate the effort that went with it.)
Rivera apparently knew of this and gave way to Rivera’s attraction for Rizal. When Rizal left for Spain in 1882, it was said that
he did say goodbye to Orang, but kept in touch with the help of Rizal’s close friend, Jose “Chenggoy” Cecilio.
Third Love: Leonor Rivera, Age 15, 1890)

Jose Rizal was never the preferred choice of Leonor Rivera’s

mother, who confiscated all the correspondences between Leonor
and Rizal till it
frittered down to zero. Rizal was 18 going on 21 and was devoted to Leonor. But he
was just then opening his eyes to Europe’s Enlightenment, where the women were
pleasing and the men were gallant. Rizal really was in love with Leonor Rivera. He
even invented a coded alphabet so that they could write sweet nothings to each other.
But soon, Leonor faded in memory. Why? Because in Europe, Rizal conveniently
romanced other girls and forgot he was engaged to her. Eventually the Leonor Rivera-
Rizal engagement did not survive the long-distance romance. In the end, it turned into
an idealized one (reflected as Maria Clara in Rizal’s novel, Noli me Tangere), a
painful love match doomed to fail from the very start. Yes, count this one as real love.
As an engaged couple, they showed real affection for each other while it lasted.
3) Fourth Love: Consuelo Ortiga Y Reyes

In Madrid ,Rizal courted Consuelo Ortiga, age

18, the daughter of Señsssssssssssssssor Pablo
Ortiga y Rey c who was once mayor of Manila and
who owned the apartment where the Circulo
Hispano Filipino met regularly . Rizal, age 23 was
then acquiring and developing his charming ways
with woman. He treated them with especial
consideration and with gallant courteousness.
4) Fifth Love: O Sei-San, Age 22, The Samurai’s Daughter (1888

Rizal had fallen in love not only with the view of

Japan but more to its women, particularly with the 23-
year old Seiko Usui. Rizal affectionately called her O-
Sei-San. Rizal was attracted by her regal loveliness
and charm. Rizal saw in her the qualities of his ideal
womanhood—beauty, charm, modesty and
intelligence. Rizal was almost tempted to settle in
Japan with O-Sei- San. Although, she was very dear
to him, his love for his country and fellow Filipinos
was greater. Sacrificing his personal happiness, Rizal
had to carry on his libertarian mission in Europe,
leaving behind the lovely O-Sei-San.
5) Sixth Love: Gertrude Beckett, Age 19, (1886)
In May 1888 Rizal visited London for a short
time, boarding the house of the Beckett family: Mr. &
Mrs. Beckett, their two sons, and their four daughters.
The eldest daughter was named Gertrude.She was a
buxom young lady with blue eyes and brown hair. She
fell in love with Rizal and gave him all of her attention
during the family picnics and gatherings. When Rizal
stayed indoors during rainy days painting and
sculpting, she helped him mix his colors and prepare
his clay
6) Seventh Love: Suzanne Jacoby (1890)
On January 28, 1890, Rizal left for
Brussels, Belgium. He stayed for a
considerable time, paying for room and
board. His landladies had a pretty niece
named Petite Suzanne Jacoby. She was taken
by Rizal's charm and gallantry, and provided
him good company. Rizal could have flirted
with the lady, considering that his beloved
Leonor was far away and he was a lonely
man in a strange and foreign land, but he
realized he could not deceive her. Suzanne
fell in love with Rizal, and wept when he
left for Madrid in July 1890.
 She wrote to him in French:
"Where are you now? Do you think of me once in a while? I am
reminded of our tender conversations, reading your letter, although it is cold
and indifferent.
Here in your letter I have something which makes up for your absence. How
pleased I would be to follow you, to travel with you who are always in my thoughts.
You wish me all kinds of luck, but forget that in the absence of a beloved one a tender heart cannot
feel happy.
A thousand things serve to distract your mind, my friend; but in my case, I am sad, lonely,
always alone with my thoughts -- nothing, absolutely nothing relieves my sorrow. Are you coming back?
That's what I want and desire most ardently -- you cannot refuse me.
I do not despair and I limit myself to murmuring against time which runs so fast when it carries us
toward a separation, but goes so slowly when it's bringing us together again.
I feel very unhappy thinking that perhaps I might never see you again.
Goodbye! You know with one word you can make me very happy. Aren't you going to write to me?"
 7) Eight Love: Nellie Boustead (1891)
In 1891, Rizal took a vacation in Biarritz in order to find reprieve
from his troubles in Madrid. He was a guest of the Boustead family in their
winter residence, Villa Eliada. Mr. and Mrs. Boustead had two beautiful
daughters, Adelina and Nellie. After having lamented his frustrated romance
with Leonor Rivera on account of the lady's engagement to another man,
Rizal came to develop considerable affection for Nellie, the prettier and
younger daughter of Mr. Eduardo Boustead. He found her to be intelligent,
morally upright, and full of life. Rizal wrote to his closest friends about his
intention to marry her. Rizal's friends were delighted to hear that he had
found a suitable girl whom he at last wished to settle down with. Even
Antonio Luna, who had previously loved Nellie, encouraged Rizal to court
her and ask for her hand in marriage. With all the
encouragement from the friends he held dear, Rizal wooed Nellie (also called Nelly) who, in turn,
returned his affections.
 Rizal's marriage proposal failed for two reasons: first, Nellie demanded that he
give up his Catholic faith and convert to Protestantism, which was her religion. Rizal
did not like this idea. Second, Nelly's mother did not approve of Rizal, as she had
no desire to entrust her daughter to a man who was wanting in wealth and
persecuted in his own country. In spite of the circumstances, Rizal and Nellie parted
as good friends.