• Zoom if needed.

Figure 5-124 S-scan of nozzle, showing bottom surface, corner, and smooth end surface.

Applications 293
 Bevel end Zoom

Figure 5-125 S-scans showing eroded corner. The image on the right is a zoomed image.

5.12.14 Compressor Blade

a) NDE challenges
• Multiple angle inspection required (see Figure 5-126)
• Difficult imaging of defects
• Rapid and cost-effective inspection needed

b) OmniScan solution
• Use a 10 MHz array.
• Sectorial scan from −25° to +25° (see Figure 5-127)
• Volume-corrected image

294 Chapter 5
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probe

P-cut

Notch

Figure 5-126 Photo of array scanning compressor blade and reference notch.

P-cut

Notch

Figure 5-127 +25° S-scan of compressor blade showing P-cut and notch.

5.12.15 Austenitic Welds

a) NDE challenges
• Rapid weld inspections required
• Significant problems using standard S-wave inspections in austenitic
materials (see Figure 5-128)
• Portable equipment desirable
• Need to detect and size defects

b) OmniScan solution
• Use L-waves to minimize beam redirection.

Applications 295
 • For example: for 20 mm (0.8 in.) stainless steel, use a 16-element array
(5 MHz; pitch: 1 mm).
• Perform sectorial scan (S-scan) from 35° to 65°. The array and angles
used depend on conditions (see Figure 5-129).
• Use linear scan for rapid coverage.

Figure 5-128 Ray tracing of austenitic weld at 45° and 75°.

Figure 5-129 S-scan images of notches in 20-mm stainless steel, showing corner trap signal
(red cursor) and notch tip (blue cursor). The notches are 20% (a), 30% (b), 40% (c), and
50% (d).

296 Chapter 5
References to Chapter 5

1. Bird, C. R. “Ultrasonic phased array inspection technology for the evaluation of

friction stir welds.” Insight, vol. 46, no. 1 (January 2004): pp. 31–36.
2. Kleiner, D., and C. R. Bird. “Signal processing for quality assurance in friction stir
welds.” Insight, vol .46, no. 2, (February 2004): pp. 85–87.
3. Moles, M., F. Jacques, and N. Dubé. “Linear Weld Inspections Using Ultrasonic
Phased Arrays.”
4. Lamarre, A., N. Dubé, P. Ciorau, and B. Bevins. “Feasibility study of ultrasonic
inspection using phased array of ABB L-0 blade root.”
5. Moles, M., N. Dubé, and E. Ginzel. “Ultrasonic Phased Arrays for Pipeline Girth
Weld Inspections.”
6. Maes, G., and M. Delaide. “Improved UT Inspection Capability on Austenitic
Materials Using Low-Frequency TRL Phased Array Transducers.”
7. Lafontaine, G., and F. Cancre. “Potential of UT Phased Arrays for Faster, Better,
and Lower Cost Inspections.”
8. Dubé, N., F. Moriera, and R. Stanley. “Phased Arrays for Improved Inspection of
Coiled Tubing.”
9. Delaide, M., G. Maes, and D. Verspeelt. “Design and Application of Low-
Frequency Twin Side-by-Side Phased Array Transducers for Improved UT
Capability on Cast Stainless Steel Components.”
10. Lamarre, A., M. Moles, and F. Cancre. “Use of state-of-the art phased-array
ultrasound for the inspection of Friction Stir Welds (FSW).”
11. Pasquer, V., and T. Stepinski. “Ultrasonic Array Technique for Inspection of
Copper Canisters for Nuclear Waste Fuel.”
12. Banchet, J., R. Sicard, D. E. Zellouf, and A. Chahbaz: “Phased Array Techniques
and Split Spectrum Processing for Inspection of Thick Titanium Casting
Components.”
13. Langlois, P., P. Ciorau, and D. Macgillivray. “Technical Assessment and Field
Application of Portable 16-pulser Phased Array Instrument.”
14. Moles, M., F. Cancre, and N. Dubé. “Alternative Sizing Technique Using
Ultrasonic Phased Arrays and Zone Discrimination.”
15. Maes, G. “High Performance Pipe Weld Inspection Using State-of-the-Art Phased
Array UT Equipment and Methodology.”
16. Cancre, F., and M. Dennis. “Effect of the Number of Damaged Elements on the
Performance of an Array Probe.”
17. Lamarre, A., J. Gauthier, M. A. Zaidi, and A. Agarwal. “New Developments of the
Ultrasonic Phased-Array for the Inspection of Thick Titanium Casting Structural
Parts.” Aeromat 2002, Orlando.

Applications 297