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Carbon and Its Compounds: One Mark Questions
Carbon and Its Compounds: One Mark Questions
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5. Write the formula of first two members of homologous 10. Write the next homologue of each of the following:
series whose functional group is —CHO. a. C2H4
Ans : [CBSE 2017] b. C4H6
Ans : [CBSE 2016]
1. Methanal (1) C3H6, CH2=CH—CH3
(2) C5H8, HC=C—CH2—CH2—CH3
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Chap 4 : Carbon and Its Compounds www.cbse.online
carbon atoms in its molecules. 23. Write the next homologue of propanol CH3CH2CH2OH
Ans : [CBSE 2016] and butanal CH3CH2CH2CHO.
CH3CH2CH2OH, 1-Propanol Ans : [CBSE 2016,2011]
a. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH, Butanol
14. Write the name and structure of an alcohol with four b. CH3CH2CH2CH2CHO, Pentanal
carbon atoms in its molecule.
Ans : [CBSE 2016] 24. Unsaturated hydrocarbon gives a yellow flame with
lot of black smoke when burnt in oxygen. Give reason.
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH, 1-Butanol
Ans : [CBSE 2015]
15. Write the name and structure of an aldehyde with Unsaturated hydrocarbons have more amount of
four carbon atoms in its molecule. carbon, therefore burns with smoky flame due to
Ans : [CBSE 2016] incomplete combustion.
16. Which element exhibits the property of catenation to 26. Carbon has four electrons in its valence shell. How
maximum extent and why? does carbon attain stable electronic configuration?
Ans : [CBSE 2016] Ans : [CBSE 2015]
Carbon because it can form strong covalent bond with Carbon can share four electrons to acquire stable
other carbon atoms due to smaller size. electronic configuration.
17. Write the name and formula of fourth member of 27. Write the name and formula of 2nd member of
alkane series. homologous series having general formula CnH2n.
Ans : [CBSE 2016] Ans : [CBSE 2015]
18. What is a homologous series of carbon compounds? 28. Write the name and formula of 2nd member of
homologous series having general formulaC n H 2n + 2 .
Ans : [CBSE 2016]
Ans : [CBSE 2015]
Homologous series is series of organic compounds
which have same functional group and similar chemical CH3—CH3, Ethane
properties and each successive member has more — 29. Write the name and formula of 2nd member of
CH2 unit than the previous one. homologous series having general formula C n H 2n - 2 .
19. A colourless gas X has a formula C3H6. It decolourises Ans : [CBSE 2015]
bromine water. Write the chemical formula of ‘X’. HC / C—CH3, Propyne
Ans : [CBSE 2016]
30. Write the number of covalent bonds in the molecule
CH2=CH—CH3, Propene of propane, C3H6.
20. Draw the structural formula of methanoic acid. Ans : [CBSE 2015]
Ans : [CBSE 2016]
has 10 covalent bonds
Methanoic acid
31. Write the number of covalent bonds in the molecular
21. A molecule of ammonia has the formula NH3. Predict formula of butane, C4H10.
the total number of bonds present around nitrogen
Ans : [CBSE 2015]
atom.
Ans : [CBSE 2016]
has 13 covalent bonds
, it has three covalent bonds
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Chap 4 : Carbon and Its Compounds www.cbse.online
groups: compounds.
Ans : [CBSE 2014,2010]
a. —OH b. (a) Tetravalency (b) Catenation
Ans : [CBSE2015]
41. The molecular formula of A is C10H18 and B is C18H36.
a. Alcohol Name the homologous series to which they belong.
b. Ketone
Ans : [CBSE 2014]
34. Write the name and molecular formula of the first C10H18 belongs to alkyne, C18H36 belongs to alkene.
member of homologous series of alkynes.
Ans : [CBSE2015] 42. Write the names of next homologue of CH3CH2OH
and HCOOH.
HC=CH, Ethyne
Ans : [CBSE 2014]
35. Mention the functional group which always occurs at (i) CH3CH2CH2OH, Propanol
the terminal position of a carbon chain of an organic (ii) CH3COOH, Ethanoic acid
compound.
Ans : [CBSE 2015] 43. Will micelle formation take place when soap is
dissolved in organic solvent?
a. Aldehyde
b. Carboxylic acid Ans : [CBSE 2014]
No, micelles will not be formed in organic solvent.
36. The formula of citric acid is shown below:
44. Explain why washing clothes with hard water is not
effective.
Ans : [CBSE 2014]
Soap reacts with Ca 2+
and Mg 2+
ions present in hard
water to form scum.
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Chap 4 : Carbon and Its Compounds www.cbse.online
Methanoic acid
56. Write the name and formula of the 2nd member of the
series of carbon compounds whose general formula is 64. Butanone has four carbon per molecule of a compound.
CnH2n+1—OH. Name the functional group present in it.
Ans : [CBSE 2012] Ans : [CBSE 2011]
57. Write the name and formula of 2nd member of the 65. Name the following compound:
series of carbon compounds whose general formula is
CnH2n.
Ans : [CBSE 2012]
CH2=CH—CH3, Propene
Ans : [CBSE 2011]
58. State the difference between oils and fats.
Ans : [CBSE Sample Paper 2012] 1-Hexyne
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Chap 4 : Carbon and Its Compounds www.cbse.online
69. Name the compound formed when ethanol is warmed b. Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen gas is formed.
with ethanoic acid in the presence of few drops of 2C2H5OH + 2Na $ 2C2H5ONa + H2
cone. H2SO4.
Ans : [CBSE 2009 (C)] 76. State reasons to explain why covalent compounds:
a. are bad conductors of electricity?
Ethyl ethanoate
Con. H 2 SO 4 b. have low melting and boiling points?
CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH T
Ans : [CBSE 2016]
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O a. Covalent compounds do not form ions, hence they
70. What is the difference in the molecular formula of
are bad conductor of electricity.
any two consecutive members of homologous series of b. Covalent compounds have weak intermolecular
organic compounds? forces of attraction, therefore, have low melting
and boiling points.
Ans : [CBSE 2008 (C)]
The difference between successive members of 77. What is homologous series? Write the name and draw
homologous series is of —CH2 unit. the structure of the second member of alkene series.
Ans : [CBSE 2016]
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS a. The series of organic compounds having same
functional group and similar chemical properties
is called homologous series.
71. Draw the structural formulae of the possible isomers b.
for the compound with molecular formula C3H6O.
Ans : [CBSE Sample Paper 2017]
72. Explain why cannot we have isomers of first three 78. List two characteristics of covalent compounds.
members of alkane family. Ans : [CBSE 2015]
Ans : [CBSE Sample Paper 2017, CBSE 2015] (i) They have low melting and boiling point.
It is because branching is not possible with carbon (ii) They do not conduct electricity.
atoms, that is why, there are no isomers till propane.
79. Name an element, other than carbon, which exhibits
73. Write balanced equations for the burning of (a) property of catenation up to seven or eight atoms. Are
methane (b) ethane in air. these compounds stable?
Ans : [CBSE 2017] Ans : [CBSE 2015]
(a) CH4(g) + 2O2(g) $ CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) Si and Sulphur (S8).
(b) 2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g) $ 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) No, these compounds are not stable, rather they are
reactive.
74. Compare the structures of benzene and cyclohexane
by drawing them. 80. Select alkenes and alkynes from the following:
C2H4, C3H4, C2H2, C4H8
Ans : [CBSE 2017]
Ans : [CBSE 2015,2014]
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Chap 4 : Carbon and Its Compounds www.cbse.online
Alkenes C2H4, C4H3 Alkynes C3H4, C2H2 88. Give the electron dot structure of chloro-methane. Also
write the formula and the name of next homologue of
81. Why are detergents preferred over soaps for washing it.
clothes in hard water? Explain.
Ans : [CBSE 2015]
Ans : [CBSE 2015,2014]
Detergents work well even with hard water because
their calcium and magnesium salts are soluble in
water. They do not form scum.
T
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
89. The structural formula of an ester is
87. What are soaps? Why do they form scum with hard 92. Explain the action of soap in removing an oily spot
water? from a piece of cloth.
Ans : [CBSE 2013] Ans : [CBSE 2011]
Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids e.g. Cleansing action of soap: Soap has ionic end which
sodium stearate. They react with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions is hydrophilic, interacts with water while carbon
in hard water to form calcium and magnesium salt chain is hydrophobic interacts with oil, grease. The
of fatty acids which are insoluble in water and called soap molecules orient themselves in a cluster in which
scum. hydrophobic tails are inside the cluster and ionic ends
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Chap 4 : Carbon and Its Compounds www.cbse.online
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106. Two carbon compounds ‘X’ and ‘Y’ have the molecular
formula C3H6 and C4H10 respectively. Which one of the
two is most likely to show addition reaction? Justify
your answer. Also give chemical equation to explain
the process of addition in this case.
Ans : [CBSE 2017]
C3H6 will undergo addition reaction because it has
double bond.
Ni
CH2=CH—CH3 + H2 Heat CH3—CH2—CH3
Propene Propane
443 K
c. CH3COOH + NaHCO3 $
CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
Con. H 2 SO 4
+ H2O C2H5OH + CH3COOH
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
105. Complete the following reactions: Ester
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Chap 4 : Carbon and Its Compounds www.cbse.online
a. Ethanol is burnt in air? 114. Explain giving reasons, why carbon can neither form
b. Ethanol is heated with excess cone. H2SO4 at 443 C4+ cation nor C4- anion but forms covalent compounds
K? which are bad conductors of electricity and have low
c. A piece of sodium is dropped in ethanol. melting and boiling points.
Ans : [CBSE 2017] Ans : [CBSE 2017]
a. CO2 and H2O are formed. Carbon cannot lose four electrons because high energy
C2H5—OH + 3O2 $ 2CO2 + 3H2O is needed to remove four electrons. It cannot gain 4
b. Ethene is formed electrons because 6 protons cannot hold 10 electrons.
Con. H SO
CH3CH2OH CH2=CH2 + H2O
2 4
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
Activity:
To carry out esterification reaction.
• Take 2 mL of ethanol (100% alcohol) in a test
tube.
• Add 2 mL of glacial acetic acid.
• Add few drops of conc. H2SO4.
• Set the apparatus as shown in diagram. Covalent compounds Ionic compounds
• Heat the mixture in test tube in water bath for 5
to 10 minutes observe what happens. 1. They are bad con- They are good conduc-
• Observation: Pleasant fruity smell is observed. ductor of electricity. tor of electricity.
• Conclusion: Ester is formed. 2. They have low They have high melting
melting and boiling and boiling points.
points.
propanoic acid. a.
Alkaline KMnO4
CH3CH2CH2OH + 2(O)
CH3CH2COOH+ H2O
b.
118. What are covalent compounds? Why are they different
from ionic compounds? List three characteristic
properties.
Ans : [CBSE 2016]
c.
Those compounds in which bonds are formed by
sharing of electrons are covalent compounds.
While ionic compounds are formed by complete
transfer of electrons.
122. Write three different chemical reactions showing the
Covalent compounds Ionic compounds conversion of ethanoic acid to sodium ethanoate.
Write balanced chemical equation in each case. Write
1. They have weak They have strong
the name of the reactants and products other than
intermolecular forces intermolecular forces of
ethanoic acid and sodium ethanoate in each case.
of attraction. attraction.
Ans : [CBSE 2016]
2. They have low They have high
melting and boiling melting and boiling a.
points. points.
3. They do not They conduct electrici- b.
conduct electricity. ty in molten state or in
aqueous solution.
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Chap 4 : Carbon and Its Compounds www.cbse.online
443K
functional group and similar chemical properties
128. The structural formula of an ester is is called homologous series.
b. C5H10 has higher molecular mass, more surface
area, more van der Waal’s forces of attraction,
hence higher boiling point than C4H8.
c. C3H6 < C4H8 < C5H10
Write the structural formula of the acid and the
132. The general formula of three compounds A, B and C
alcohol from which it might be prepared. Name the
is C n (H 2n . ‘B’ has highest boiling point and ‘C’ has
process of formation of an ester.
lowest boiling point.
Ans : [CBSE 2016] a. Mention the type of compounds A, B, C.
b. Which of these have minimum number of carbon
atoms?
c. Name the homologous series to which A, B and
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Chap 4 : Carbon and Its Compounds www.cbse.online
b. , , C2H4
c. , , C2H2
137. Convert CH4 into CC14 by substituting hydrogen
atom with chlorine atom in successive reactions. Why
141. Why is homologous series of carbon compounds so
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Chap 4 : Carbon and Its Compounds www.cbse.online
X
called? Write the chemical formula of two consecutive KMnO 4 /KOH
members of any two homologous series and state the CH3CH2OH + 2[O] CH3COOK
part of these compounds that determines their (a) H+
CH3COOH + K+
physical and (b) chemical properties.
X is CH3COOC2H5, ethyl ethanoate.
Ans : [CBSE 2015]
Homologous means members of same family that 145. What is meant by homologous series of carbon
is why series of carbon compounds having same compounds? Write the general formula of (i) alkenes,
functional group and similar properties is called and (ii) alkynes. Draw the structures of the first
homologous series. member of each series to show the bonding between
Homologous series of alcohol. the two carbon atoms.
CH3OH Methanol Ans : [CBSE 2014]
C2H5OH Ethanol The series of organic compounds having same
CH3— and C2H5— groups determine physical functional group and similar chemical properties is
properties and —OH group determines chemical called homologous series.
properties. Homologous series of aldehyde. i. Alkenes CnH2n
CH3OH Ethanol
C2H5OH Propanal
Here, CH3—and C2H5— groups determine physical
properties while —CHO group determines chemical
properties.
ii. Alkynes CnH2n–2
142. What are esters? How are they prepared? List two
uses of esters.
Ans : [CBSE 2014]
Esters are pleasant fruity smelling compounds with 146. Write the chemical equations to show what happens
general formula R—COOR’. They are prepared by when
reaction of carboxylic acid and alcohol in presence a. an ester reacts with a base?
of cone. H2SO4. b. methane is treated with chlorine in the presence
Conc. H SO
CH3COOH + C2H5OH
2 4
of sunlight?
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O c. ethanol reacts with ethanoic acid in the presence
Uses of sulphuric acid?
i. They are used in cold drinks and ice creams as Ans : [CBSE 2014]
synthetic flavours.
ii. They are used in perfumes. a. CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH
CH3COONa + C2H5OH
143. State the meaning of functional group in an organic Sunlight
b. CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl
compound. Write the formula of the functional group
present in alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic c. CH3COOH + C2H5OH
Conc. H 2 SO 4
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Chap 4 : Carbon and Its Compounds www.cbse.online
has a molecular formula C2H4O2. Identify X and draw compounds. (1) Alcohol, (2) Carboxylic acid.
its structure. Write chemical equation for the reaction a. Soaps do not work well with hard water as form
and name of the product formed in each case when X insoluble scum whereas detergents work well with
reacts with hard water.
a. ethanol in the presence of concentrate H2SO4.
b. sodium carbonate. 153. Give reasons for the following observations:
a. The element carbon forms a very large number of
Ans : [CBSE 2013]
compounds.
X is CH3COOH b. Air holes of a gas burner have to be adjusted when
the heated vessels get blackened by the flame.
c. Use of synthetic detergents causes pollution of
water.
Ans : [CBSE 2009]
a. CH3CH2OH
Conc. H 2 SO 4
CH2=CH2 + H2O a. It is due to tetravalency of carbon and property of
443 K
catenation shown by carbon to maximum extent.
b. 2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 $ b. Air holes must be kept open fully so that complete
2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2 combustion of fuel takes place producing blue
flame.
150. What is meant by isomers? “We cannot have isomers c. Some of detergents are not bio¬degradable, they
of first three members of alkane series.” Give reason create water pollution.
to justify this statement. Draw the structures of two
isomers of pentane, C5H12. 154. a.Why are covalent compounds generally poor
Ans : [CBSE 2013] conductors of electricity?
b. Name the following compound:
Isomers are those compounds which have same
molecular formula but different structural formula.
CH3– CH2– CH2– CH2– CH3
Pentane
i.
152. a.What is meant by a functional group in an organic
compound? Name the functional group present in
(1) CH3CH2OH
(2) CH3COOH
b. State one point of difference between soap and
synthetic detergent. ii.
Ans : [CBSE2009]
a. Functional group is an atom or group of atoms
which determine chemical properties of organic
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Chap 4 : Carbon and Its Compounds www.cbse.online
iii.
Alkene CnH2n
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Chap 4 : Carbon and Its Compounds www.cbse.online
a. Red litmus paper will become blue in soap solution the concerned chemical reaction.
only. Ethanoic acid will turn blue litmus red only. (1) Ethanol to ethene
Ethanol will react with Na metal to form sodium (2) Ethanol to ethanoic acid
ethoxide and hydrogen gas will be liberated. b. Give one example with chemical equation for the
b. Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids following reactions:
which react with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in hard water (1) Substitution reaction
to form calcium or magnesium salts of fatty acids (2) Saponification reaction
which are insoluble in water called scum. (3) Combustion reaction
Ans : [CBSE 2014]
161. What are micelles? Why does it form when soap is
Conc. H 2 SO 4
added to water? Will a micelle be formed in other a. (1) CH3CH2OH D
CH2= CH2 + H2O
solvents such as ethanol also? State briefly how the Ethanol Ethene
formed when the ester CH3COOC2H5 undergoes A is CH3COOH, ‘B’ is CH3COOCH2CH3, *C’ is
saponification. CH3COONa, ‘D’ is CO2, ‘E’ is Na (Sodium metal).
Ans : [CBSE 2014, 2013]
166. An organic compound “X’ on heating with cone.
a. Vinegar is 5-8% solution of acetic acid (Ethanoic H2SO4 forms a compound ‘Y’ which on addition of
acid) in water. It can be made by fermentation of one molecule of hydrogen in the presence of nickel
ethanol in presence of oxygen. forms a compound ‘Z’. One molecule of compound
b. Glacial acetic is pure (100%) acetic acid. Its ‘Z’ on combustion forms two molecules of CO2 and
melting point is 290 K. three molecules of H2O. Identify giving reasons the
c. They do not ionise completely in aqueous solution. compounds X’, ‘Y’ and ‘Z’. Write the chemical
d. CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH equations for all the chemical reactions involved.
CH3COONa + C2H5OH Ans : [CBSE 2013]
Sodium ethanoate Ethanol Conc. H 2 SO 4
CH3CH2OH heat
CH2 = CH2 + H2O
‘X’ ‘Y’
164. a. How will you bring out following reactions? Write Ni
CH2 = CH2 + H2 CH3 – CH3
‘Y’ ‘Z’
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