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METRO MANILA COLLEGE, NOVALICHES QUEZON CITY

College of Criminology
LOGIC
Professor Arthur D. Antham

Name: _____________________________________________Date: _________________

Year & Sec: ___________________ Time: _________________
MULTIPLE CHOICES:
Finals 1st sem., 2020
I. Read the questions carefully before writing your answer; Any erasure is considered
wrong.

Test-2: what kind of opposition is illustrated in the following? (Choices for numbers: 1-20)
WRITE YOUR ANSWER ON THE BLANK PROVIDED BEFORE EACH NUMBER.
A. CONTRADICTORIES
B. CONTRARIES
C. SUBALTERNS
D. SUBCONTRARIES
E. INVALID OPPOSITION (NO OPPOSITIONAL INFERENCE)

Classify first the given as A, E, I, or O before you determining what kind of opposition inference
that is illustrated.

Example: Every dog is an animal to No dog is an animal

Answer: A to E: CONTRARY

_____1. Everyman is seated TO No man is seated.

_____2. Everyman is seated to Some man is not seated.
_____3. No man is seated TO Some man is seated.
_____4. Every A is a B TO Some A is not a B.
_____5. Everyman is seated TO Some man is seated.
_____6. No man is seated TO Some man is not seated.
____7. Some man is seated TO Some man is not seated.
_____8. Some A is a B TO No A is a B.
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_____9. Some X is not a Y TO Some X is a Y.

_____10. Every A is a B To No A is a B.
_____11. Some cat is not a dog to No dog is a cat.
_____12. John is a very wealthy man TO No John is a very wealthy man.
_____13. No man is an island to some man is not an island
_____14. Some books are not expensive to Every book is expensive
_____15. Every woman is beautiful to no woman is beautiful

Multiple Choices: choose the best answer from the given choices.
II. ENCIRCLE ONLY THE LETTER

31) Means "in accordance with what one would reasonably expect in view of the events or
circumstances.
a) "rational"
b) "Logical"
c) "reasonable"
d) "commonsense"
32) an action that is not called for by the circumstances or a person whose thinking is
disorderly and inconsistent.
a) "specious"
b) "unfounded"
c) "unreasonable"
d) "Illogical"
33) Logic is the_____ of correct thinking.
a) science and skill
b) discipline and illustration
c) science and art
d) science and ability
34) The method of logic, as well as the kind of knowledge it gives us, differs
profoundly from that of_____.
a) Algebra and mathematics
b) Chemistry and physics
c) Chemistry and Biology
d) Botany and physics
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35) As an art, logic is concerned only with those, mental operations over which it can
exercise_____;
a) control
b) management
c) power
d) supervision
36) in logic_____ means "to involve the truth or presence of.
a) "to entail
b) "to imply"
c) "to involve"
d) "to signify"
37) If_____ are so related that if the first is true the second must also be true, the first
is said to imply the second.
a) two suggestion
b) two scheme
c) two proposal
d) two propositions
38) Logic is principally concerned with_____.
a) deduction
b) inference
c) conclusion
d) supposition
39) _____, in its broadest sense, signifies any process by which our minds proceed from
one or more propositions to another proposition so related to the original
propositions that if they are true it must also be true.
a) Inference
b) implication
c) assumption
d) conjecture
40) Our thinking is correct when it conforms to the laws or rules_____ by logic.
a) examined
b) investigated
c) explored
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d) inspected
41) Logic is an art because_____ so he can proceed with order and ease and without error
in the constructive activity of making definitions, propositions, syllogisms, and so on.
a) it guides man's motivation
b) it guides man's intention
c) it direct man's reason
d) it guides man's reason
42) Logic is the_____ or a sort of super-art, for it directs reason itself, which is the director of
the other arts.
a) "Art of Arts"
b) "ability of Arts"
c) "talent of Arts"
d) "skill of Arts"
43) The_____ of logic are not arbitrary enactments that we submit to out of reverence for
authority or because of long-established custom. We submit to those laws and rules only
because we clearly see that they must be as they are—that is, the evidence compels us
to submit.
a) laws and policy
b) laws and regulations
c) laws and system
d) laws and rules
44) Logic, as a science, investigates, discovers, expresses, systematizes, and demonstrates or
explains the laws of_____.
a) accurate idea
b) right thoughts
c) correct thinking
d) truthful opinion
45) Science is______, but not all knowledge is science. To rank as science, knowledge must
fulfill several special requirements.
a) facts
b) information
c) knowledge
d) data
46) All of us are logicians by nature—at least to some extent!" We must not suppose that we
know nothing at all about_____ before we have made a formal study of it.
a) reason
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b) logic
c) judgment
d) common sense
47) Logic does not give us_____ of the real world, at least not directly, but only of certain
aspects of our thought.
a) awareness
b) understanding
c) knowledge
d) familiarity
48) The specific_____ of logic is expressed in its definition by the words ''correct thinking."
a) purpose
b) intention
c) function
d) principle
49) Logic gives us norms for recognizing correct or good thinking, as well as incorrect or bad
thinking, and develops in us a habit of analyzing our thought, of distinguishing carefully
between our evidence and our conclusions, and of adverting to the structure of
our______.
a) point of view
b) opinion
c) influence
d) arguments
50) Science is not mere opinion or hypothesis but certain and______; not a mere
accumulation or aggregation of data but organized knowledge; not a bare statement of
fact or a mere description of events but causal knowledge that tells why things are
as they are.
a) demonstrated knowledge
b) established knowledge
c) confirmed knowledge
d) verified knowledge

Happiness depends upon ourselves.

- Aristotle