Chapter 1.

6, Problem 21E

Problem

Which rules of inference are used to establish the conclusion of Lewis Carroll’s argument
described in Example 26 of Section 1.4?

Step-by-step solution

Step 1 of 3

Consider the provided statement to find the rules of inference that are used to established the
conclusion of Lewis Carroll’s argument which is described in textbook.

Provided statement is,

“All lions are fierce.”

“Some lions do not drink coffee.”

Therefore, “Some fierce creatures do not drink coffee.”

Step 2 of 3
Let

Is a lion, is fierce and drinks coffee. Now equation (1) and

equation (2) are hypothesis.

…… (1)

…… (2)

Now existential instantiation of equation (2) is as below;

…… (3)

Now simplification of equation (3) is shown as below;

…… (4)

Step 3 of 3
Now simplification of equation (3) is shown as below;

…… (5)

Now the universal instantiation of equation (1),

…… (6)

Now using Modus Ponens of equation (4) and (6),

…… (7)

Now Conjunction of equation (5) and (7) is shown as below;

…… (8)

Now the existential generalization of equation (8),

…… (9)

Hence, this is the desired conclusion.